Adopted Road CSD Service Review September 2022 Read more »

C A L A V E R A S C O U N T Y R O A D M A I N T E N A N C E C O M M U N I T Y S E R V I C E S D I S T R I C T S M U N I C I P A L S E R V I C E R E V I E W A D O P T E D September 19, 2022 Resolution 2022-0007 Prepared for the Calaveras County Local Agency Formation Commission by Policy Consulting Associates, LLC. and John Benoit TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................. 4 PREFACE ..................................................................................................................................... 5 CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................. 5 CREDITS .................................................................................................................................. 5 LAFCO AND MUNICIPAL SERVICES REVIEWS ....................................................................... 6 LAFCO OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 6 MUNICIPAL SERVICES REVIEW LEGISLATION ................................................................................ 6 MUNICIPAL SERVICES REVIEW PROCESS ..................................................................................... 7 SPHERE OF INFLUENCE UPDATES ............................................................................................... 7 DISADVANTAGED UNINCORPORATED COMMUNITIES ..................................................................... 8 LAFCO PROTEST PROCEEDINGS LAW AS REVISED JULY 2022 SB 938…………………………….. 9 SPECIAL DISTRICT AUDIT REQUIREMENTS……………………………………………………………10 ESSENTIAL ITEMS A SPECIAL DISTRICT MUST FOLLOW……………………………………………....11 CSD'S VS CSA'S………………………………………………………………………………….…..12 1. OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................... 13 SERVICE PROVIDERS ................................................................................................................ 13 OTHER KEY FINDINGS ............................................................................................................... 14 GOVERNANCE OPTIONS ............................................................................................................ 15 2. APPALOOSA ROAD COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT .............................................. 16 AGENCY OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................. 16 ROAD SERVICES ....................................................................................................................... 21 APPALOOSA ROAD COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS ...................................... 24 3. CIRCLE XX COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT ............................................................. 26 AGENCY OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................. 26 ROAD SERVICES ....................................................................................................................... 33 CIRCLE XX COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS ................................................. 36 4. COPPER COVE ROCKY ROAD COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT ............................ 38 AGENCY OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................. 38 ROAD SERVICES ....................................................................................................................... 43 COOPER COVE ROCKY ROAD COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS ..................... 45 5. LYNN PARK ACRES COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT ............................................. 47 AGENCY OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................. 47 ROAD SERVICES ....................................................................................................................... 52 LYNN PARK ACRES COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS ..................................... 54 6. MIDDLE RIVER COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT ...................................................... 56 AGENCY OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................. 56 ROAD SERVICES ....................................................................................................................... 62 MIDDLE RIVER COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS ............................................ 64 7. MOUNTAIN RANCH SUBDIVISION COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT ...................... 66 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 AGENCY OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................. 66 ROAD SERVICES ....................................................................................................................... 71 MOUNTAIN RANCH SUBDIVISION COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS .................. 73 8. THREE CENT FLAT COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT ............................................... 75 AGENCY OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................. 75 ROAD SERVICES ....................................................................................................................... 81 THREE CENT FLAT COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS ...................................... 83 9. WALLACE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT .............................................................. 85 AGENCY OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................. 85 ROAD SERVICES ....................................................................................................................... 92 WALLACE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS ................................................... 94 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 L I S T O F F I G U R E S FIGURE 2-2: APPALOOSA ROAD CSD GOVERNING BODY ............................................................... 18 FIGURE 3-1: CIRCLE XX COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT BOUNDARIES AND SOI .......................... 28 FIGURE 3-2: CIRCLE XX CSD GOVERNING BODY .......................................................................... 29 FIGURE 4-1: COOPER COVE ROCKY ROAD COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT BOUNDARIES AND SOI39 FIGURE 4-2: COPPER COVE ROCKY ROAD CSD GOVERNING BODY ............................................... 40 FIGURE 5-1: LYNN PARK ACRES COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT BOUNDARIES AND SOI .............. 48 FIGURE 5-2: LYNN PARK ACRES CSD GOVERNING BODY .............................................................. 49 FIGURE 6-1: MIDDLE RIVER COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT BOUNDARIES AND SOI ..................... 57 FIGURE 6-2: MIDDLE RIVER CSD GOVERNING BODY ..................................................................... 58 FIGURE 7-1: MOUNTAIN RANCH SUBDIVISION COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT BOUNDARIES AND SOI ............................................................................................................................................ 67 FIGURE 7-2: MOUNTAIN RANCH SUBDIVISION CSD GOVERNING BODY ........................................... 68 FIGURE 8-1: THREE CENT FLAT COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT BOUNDARIES AND SOI ............... 76 FIGURE 8-2: THREE CENT FLAT CSD GOVERNING BODY ............................................................... 77 FIGURE 9-1: WALLACE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT BOUNDARIES AND SOI ............................. 87 FIGURE 9-2: WALLACE CSD GOVERNING BODY ............................................................................ 88 LIST OF FIGURES 3 ACRONYMS CHP: California Highway Patrol CIP: Capital improvement plan CKH: Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Local Government Reorganization Act of 2000 CSA: County Service Area CSD: Community Services District CSDA: California Special District Association CY: Calendar year DOF: California Department of Finance FY: Fiscal year GIS: Geographic Information Systems GM: General Manger GP: General Plan JPA: Joint Powers Authority LAFCo: Local Agency Formation Commission MSR: Municipal services review SR: State Route ACRONYMS 4 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW PREFACE Prepared for the Calaveras Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo), this report is a municipal services review—a state-required comprehensive study of services within a designated geographic area. This MSR focuses on community services districts providing road services in Calaveras County. CONTEXT Calaveras LAFCo is required to prepare this MSR by the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Local Government Reorganization Act of 2000 (Government Code §56000, et seq.), which took effect on January 1, 2001. The MSR reviews services provided by public agencies whose boundaries and governance are subject to LAFCo. Those community services districts providing road services in Calaveras County are the focus of this review. CREDITS The authors extend their appreciation to those individuals at many agencies that provided planning and financial information and documents used in this report. The contributors are listed individually at the end of this report. Calaveras LAFCo Executive Officer, John Benoit, provided project direction and review. Dennis Miller prepared maps and provided GIS analysis. This report was prepared by Policy Consulting Associates, LLC, and was co-authored by Jill Hetland and Jennifer Stephenson. Jennifer Stephenson served as project manager. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW 1. LAFCO AND MUNICIPAL SERVICES REVIEWS This report is prepared pursuant to legislation enacted in 2000 that requires LAFCo to conduct a comprehensive review of municipal service delivery and update the spheres of influence (SOIs) of all agencies under LAFCo’s jurisdiction. This chapter provides an overview of LAFCo’s powers and responsibilities. It discusses legal requirements for preparation of the municipal services review (MSR), and describes the process for MSR review, MSR approval and SOI updates. LAFCO OVERVIEW LAFCo regulates, through approval, denial, conditions and modification, boundary changes proposed by public agencies or individuals. It also regulates the extension of public services by cities and special districts outside their boundaries. LAFCo is empowered to initiate updates to the SOIs and proposals involving the dissolution or consolidation of special districts, mergers, establishment of subsidiary districts, and any reorganization including such actions. Otherwise, LAFCo actions must originate as petitions or resolutions from affected voters, landowners, cities or districts. Calaveras LAFCo consists of seven regular members: two members from the Calaveras County Board of Supervisors, two city council members, two special district members, and one public member who is appointed by the other members of the Commission. There is an alternate in each category. All Commissioners are appointed to four-year terms. MUNICIPAL SERVICES REVIEW LEGISLATION The Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Local Government Reorganization Act of 2000 requires LAFCo review and update SOIs not less than every five years and to review municipal services before updating SOIs. The requirement for service reviews arises from the identified need for a more coordinated and efficient public service structure to support California’s anticipated growth. The service review provides LAFCo with a tool to study existing and future public service conditions comprehensively and to evaluate organizational options for accommodating growth, preventing urban sprawl, and ensuring that critical services are provided efficiently. Government Code §56430 requires LAFCo to conduct a review of municipal services provided in the county by region, sub-region or other designated geographic area, as appropriate, for the service or services to be reviewed, and prepare a written statement of determination with respect to each of the following topics: v Growth and population projections for the affected area; v The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the SOI (effective July 1, 2012); v Present and planned capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services, including infrastructure needs or deficiencies (including needs or deficiencies related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence); v Financial ability of agencies to provide services; v Status of, and opportunities for shared facilities; LAFCO & MSRS 6 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW v Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure and operational efficiencies; and v Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by commission policy. MUNICIPAL SERVICES REVIEW PROCESS The MSR process does not require LAFCo to initiate changes of organization based on service review findings, only that LAFCo identify potential government structure options. However, LAFCo, other local agencies, and the public may subsequently use the determinations to analyze prospective changes of organization or reorganization or to establish or amend SOIs. Within its legal authorization, LAFCo may act with respect to a recommended change of organization or reorganization on its own initiative (e.g., certain types of consolidations), or in response to a proposal (i.e., initiated by resolution or petition by landowners or registered voters). MSRs are exempt from California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to §15306 (information collection) of the CEQA Guidelines. LAFCo’s actions to adopt MSR determinations are not considered “projects” subject to CEQA. SPHERE OF INFLUENCE UPDATES The Commission is charged with developing and updating the sphere of influence (SOI) for each city and special district within the county.1 SOIs must be updated every five years or as necessary. In determining the SOI, LAFCo is required to complete an MSR and adopt the seven determinations previously discussed. An SOI is a LAFCo-approved plan that designates an agency’s probable future boundary and service area. Spheres are planning tools used to provide guidance for individual boundary change proposals and are intended to encourage efficient provision of organized community services and prevent duplication of service delivery. Territory cannot be annexed by LAFCo to a city or a district unless it is within that agency's sphere. The purposes of the SOI include the following: to ensure the efficient provision of services, discourage urban sprawl and premature conversion of agricultural and open space lands, and prevent overlapping jurisdictions and duplication of services. LAFCo cannot regulate land use, dictate internal operations or administration of any local agency, or set rates. LAFCo is empowered to enact policies that indirectly affect land use decisions. On a regional level, LAFCo promotes logical and orderly development of communities as it considers and decides individual proposals. LAFCo has a role in reconciling differences between agency plans so that the most efficient urban service arrangements are created for the benefit of current and future area residents and property owners. The Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg (CKH) Act requires LAFCo’s to develop and determine the SOI of each local governmental agency within the county and to review and update the SOI every five years, as necessary. LAFCos are empowered to adopt, update and amend the SOI. They may 1 The initial statutory mandate, in 1971, imposed no deadline for completing sphere designations. When most LAFCos failed to act, 1984 legislation required all LAFCos to establish spheres of influence by 1985. LAFCO & MSRS 7 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW do so with or without an application and any interested person may submit an application proposing an SOI amendment. LAFCo may recommend government reorganizations to particular agencies in the county, using the SOIs as the basis for those recommendations. In addition, in adopting or amending an SOI, LAFCo must make the following determinations: v Present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-space lands; v Present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area; v Present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public service that the agency provides or is authorized to provide; v Existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if the Commission determines these are relevant to the agency; and v Present and probable need for water, wastewater, and structural fire protection facilities and services of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere of influence. By statute, LAFCo must notify affected agencies 21 days before holding the public hearing to consider the SOI and may not update the SOI until after that hearing. The LAFCo Executive Officer must issue a report including recommendations on the SOI amendments and updates under consideration at least five days before the public hearing. DISADVANTAGED UNINCORPORATED COMMUNITIES On October 7, 2011, Governor Brown signed SB 244, which makes two principal changes to the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Local Government Reorganization Act of 2000. SB 244 requires LAFCos to: (1) deny any application to annex to a city territory that is contiguous to a disadvantaged unincorporated community (DUC) unless a second application is submitted to annex the disadvantaged community as well; and (2) evaluate disadvantaged unincorporated communities in a municipal service review (MSR) upon the next update of a sphere of influence after June 30, 2012. The intent of the statute is to encourage investment in disadvantaged unincorporated communities that often lack basic infrastructure by mandating cities and LAFCos to include them in land use planning. SB 244 defines disadvantaged unincorporated community as any area with 12 or more registered voters, or as determined by commission policy, where the median household income is less than 80 percent of the statewide annual median. SB 244 also requires LAFCos to consider disadvantaged unincorporated communities when developing spheres of influence. Upon the next update of a sphere of influence on or after July 1, 2012, SB 244 requires LAFCo to include in an MSR (in preparation of a sphere of influence update): 1) The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere; and 2) The present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or LAFCO & MSRS 8 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW deficiencies related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any disadvantaged unincorporated community within or contiguous to the sphere of influence. In determining spheres of influence, SB 244 authorizes LAFCo to assess the feasibility of a reorganization and consolidation of local agencies to further orderly development and improve the efficiency and affordability of infrastructure and service delivery. LAFCos should revise their local policies to include the requirements imposed by SB 244 to ensure they fulfill their obligations under this legislation. An analysis or statement regarding Disadvantaged Unincorporated Communities is not required for a Road CSD Service Review or the Sphere of Influence for Road CSD’s albeit most the communities are considered disadvantaged. LAFCO PROTEST PROCEEDINGS LAW REVISED JULY 2022 – SB 938 In July 2022 the Governor signed Senate Bill No. 938 (“SB 938”) which sets forth a procedure for a local agency formation commission (“Commission”) to initiate a district dissolution by raising the protest threshold from 10 percent to 25 percent. SB 938 also consolidates different protest thresholds in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Local Government Reorganization Act of 2000 (“CKH”) into one chapter. This law goes into effect on January 1, 2023. Although Calaveras LAFCo has an existing “MSR follow-up policy”, this new law establishes a process to use for LAFCo to re-visit deficiencies found in MSRs. 56375.1 to the Government Code, which applies the higher 25 percent protest threshold to Commission-initiated proceedings under the following circumstances: 1) The Commission adopts a municipal service review at a noticed public hearing that includes a finding, based on a preponderance of the evidence, that at least one of these conditions is met: a. The district has one or more documented chronic service provision deficiencies that substantially deviate from industry or trade association standards or other government regulations and its board or management is not actively engaged in efforts to remediate the documented service deficiencies; b. The district spent public funds in an unlawful or reckless manner inconsistent with the principal act or other statute governing the district and has taken no action to prevent similar future spending; c. The district has shown willful neglect by failing to consistently adhere to the California Public Records Act and other public disclosure laws to which the agency is subject; d. The district has failed to meet the minimum number of times required in its principal act in the prior calendar year and has taken no action to remediate the failures to ensure future meetings are conducted timely; e. The district has consistently failed to perform timely audits in the prior three years, or failed to meet minimum financial review requirements allowed as an alternative to performing an audit over the prior five years; and LAFCO & MSRS 9 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW f. The district’s recent annual audits show chronic issues with the district’s fiscal controls and the district has taken no action to remediate the issues. Accordingly the Commission has the opportunity to adopt a resolution of intent to initiate dissolution based on one or more of the required findings above at a noticed public hearing. The resolution must provide a remediation period of at least 12 months (“Remediation Period”) during which the district should identify remediation steps and a date by which to provide a mid-point report at a regularly scheduled Commission meeting. At the conclusion of the Remediation Period, the Commission must hold a public hearing and take one of the following actions: 1. If the district remedied the deficiencies, the Commission will rescind the notice of intent to initiate dissolution and no further action is required; 2. If the district did not remedy the deficiencies, the Commission may adopt a resolution to dissolve the district finding: a. One of the identified deficiencies continues to exist; b. Public service costs of dissolution are likely to be less than or substantially similar to the costs of alternative means of providing the service; and c. Dissolution promotes public access and accountability of 11 community service needs and financial resources. The public hearing for a protest proceeding under SB 938’s new dissolution authority must occur at least 60 days, but no more than 90 days, from the date the notice is given, 12 which is somewhat longer than for most changes of organization. SB 938’s dissolution authority is distinct from the Commission’s existing authority to initiate a proposal for the “dissolution of a district” and the “dissolution of an inactive district pursuant to Section 56879.” These alternative dissolution procedures continue to apply the 10 percent protest threshold under new section 57077.6 of the Government Code proposal for the “dissolution of a district” and the “dissolution of an inactive district pursuant to Section 56879.” These alternative dissolution procedures continue to apply the 10 percent protest threshold under new section 57077.6 of the Government Code. AUDIT REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIAL DISTRICTS Audits Government Code §26909 Special districts are required to have annual, independent audits conducted by the county auditor or a certified public accountant. This information is filed with the State Controller’s Office. The annual audit can be changed to a bi-annual audit if approved unanimously by the district board and the board of supervisors, under certain restrictions. Below is copied from the Government Code §26909: LAFCO & MSRS 10 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW (b) A special district may, by unanimous request of the governing board of the special district and with unanimous approval of the board of supervisors, replace the annual audit required by this section with one of the following, performed in accordance with professional standards, as determined by the county auditor: (1) A biennial audit covering a two-year period. (2) An audit covering a five-year period if the special district's annual revenues do not exceed an amount specified by the board of supervisors. (3) An audit conducted at specific intervals, as recommended by the county auditor, that shall be completed at least once every five years. (c)(1) A special district may, by unanimous request of the governing board of the special district and with unanimous approval of the board of supervisors, replace the annual audit required by this section with a financial review, in accordance with the appropriate professional standards, as determined by the county auditor, if the following conditions are met: (A) All of the special district's revenues and expenditures are transacted through the county's financial system. (B) The special district’s revenues do not exceed one hundred fifty thousand Dollars ($150,000) ESSENTIAL ITEMS A SPECIAL DISTRICT MUST FOLLOW Notwithstanding special requirements for different types of districts a partial list of Basic tasks a Community Services District needs to do is as follows: 1. Annual Audit, 2 or 5 year audit or financial review 2. 5-member Board of Directors - Elected A requirement of the 2005 CSD Law Update 3. Webpage or annual resolution and public access to information Gov. Code 53087.8 4. Compliance with the Political Reform Act, the Public Records Act, and the American’s with Disabilities Act. 5. Brown Act Compliance – Posting agendas 6. Keep Public Records and have record management policy 7. Bylaws and Policies 8. AB 1234 compliance – ethics training 9. Adopt an annual Budget 10. Have a definite place and times for meetings LAFCO & MSRS 11 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW 11. Conflict of Interest Code and review it bi-annually 12. Statement of Facts. Keep current with Board of Director Members 13. Capital Improvements Plans and Pavement Management Systems Several resources for the above and other requirements are contained in the Special District Laws Reference Guide published by the California Special District’s Association. CSD’s vs CSA’s A Community Services District (CSD) is independent of the County. In the past, a CSD Board of Directors was either elected or appointed by the Board of Supervisors, however, changes in the CSD law currently may provide for the Board of Supervisors to be the initial Board of Directors and continue as such based on specific circumstances. Today, a CSD Board of Directors is elected at large. Although the Board of Supervisors may initiate LAFCO proceedings, a group of registered voters may also petition LAFCO to form a CSD. LAFCO requires a financing plan to provide for road maintenance. A CSD is typically the first step towards cityhood. A 2005 revised CSD Law enables a district to provide 31 authorized services and facilities. This Law took effect on January 1, 2005. A concern with the formation of a CSD for one purpose (i.e. roads) is the cost of formation and operation may be much higher than a CSA due to the inability to share insurance, administrative and regulatory costs with other CSD’s. The CSD law also required LAFCO to establish a list of services a district is authorized to provide. All other services are considered new or different services and require LAFCo approval prior to exercising those powers. A County Service Area (CSA) is authorized in Sections 25210.1 et. seq. of the Government Code to provide for an alternative method for providing governmental services by counties within unincorporated areas. The Board of Supervisors sits as its Governing Board. CSA advisory committees are established in many cases and are common. A CSA formation may be initiated by a resolution of the Board of Supervisors or a petition, submitted to LAFCO, signed by not less that 10% of the registered voters residing within an area. LAFCo adopted a Service Review report focusing on County Service Areas (CSAs) in Calaveras County. eight CSA’s were reviewed in the 2016 report. Since that time three CSA’s were placed on the state controller’s list and were accordingly dissolved since they were identified as inactive. Road County Service Areas in Calaveras County are stressed by lack of adequate road maintenance funding as are the Road CSD’s. Unlike the CSD’s, CSA’s are included in the annual county budget and are annually audited as with other County dependent districts. The CSD’s have independent board of directors and are responsible for all district operations and administration. Both CSD’s and CSA’s within Calaveras County do not have capital improvements plans and do not have Pavement Management Systems in place. Options for the Road CSA’s were included in the 2016 report. These options are more or less the same for Road CSD’s such as a county wide CSD or a permanent road division in the Streets and Highways code. LAFCO & MSRS 12 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW 2.OVERVIEW This report is a Service Review (MSR) regarding road maintenance services provided by community services districts (CSDs) formed for that purpose in throughout Calaveras County prepared for the Calaveras Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo). An MSR is a State- required comprehensive study of services within a designated geographic area. The MSR requirement is codified in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Local Government Reorganization Act of 2000 (Government Code Section 56430). Service reviews are required to address: • Growth and population projections for the affected area. • Present and planned capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services, including infrastructure needs or deficiencies. • Financial ability of agencies to provide services. • Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities. • Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure and operational efficiencies. • Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by commission policy. After MSR determinations are adopted, the LAFCo Commission may begin the process of updating the spheres of influence (SOIs) of the agencies covered in this report. SERVICE PROVIDERS This report focuses on community services districts providing road services in Calaveras County, which is centrally located between Sacramento, San Francisco, Lake Tahoe, and Yosemite, in northern California. The study area includes the following CSDs: Appaloosa Road (ARCSD), Circle XX (CXXCSD), Copper Cove Rocky Road (CCRRCSD), Lynn Park Acres (LPACSD), Middle River (MRCSD), Mountain Ranch Subdivision (MRSCSD), Three Cent Flat (TCFCSD), and Wallace (WCSD). The intent of this report is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of each of the CSD’s provided services and come to the required MSR determinations. All eight districts reviewed here have the primary responsibility to provide road maintenance services. Such services can include grading, gravel, asphalt, chip-sealing, slurry sealing, and paving. WCSD is the only District to deliver services beyond basic road maintenance such as the upkeep of Wallace Lake and its dam, and security upgrades and maintenance for items like gates and fencing. The last MSR performed on these Districts occurred in 2006, however, WCSD also underwent a Water and Wastewater review in 2012. The District has since divested control of those services to the Calaveras County Water District. OVERVIEW 13 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW KEY FINDINGS All of the CSDs involved in this review indicated the land use for their Districts is primarily residential and mostly developed. None of the Districts have indicated any areas of interest for proposed boundary or sphere of influence changes. Similarly, all Districts reported that the population of their CSD, as well as demand for services has remained steady year-over-year with slow growth likely to continue. The estimated population for Calaveras County in 2020 is listed as 45,162 and is only anticipated to rise by 2,689 by 2035. This equates to six percent overall growth, which translates to an annual growth rate of 0.4 percent. The County’s General Plan is the only planning document for land use that the districts utilize. Financial planning and management tools differ depending on the CSD. For instance, ARCSD just completed its first five-year audit. Meanwhile, CircleXXCSD provides annual audits, WCSD performs audits every two years, and TCFCSD has never participated in a financial audit. None of the districts reported producing a Capital Improvement Plan. Resources vary widely across the districts, which impacts their ability to generate formal plans, policies and procedures. All Districts perform road maintenance strictly within their boundaries. In spite of limited resources throughout many of the districts, the majority of CSDs report adequate capacity to be able to provide a minimum level of service. On the other hand, ARCSD, CCRRCSD, and TCFCSD, each reported deferred maintenance due to financial and staffing reasons. Only the Wallace and Circle XX CSDs have facilities or equipment. None of the districts have paid staff and, in some cases, do not have volunteers either. All CSDs in this review collect revenue primarily from either special assessment fees or property taxes. Still, financial limitations were reported to affect all districts in some capacity. For some, like ARCSD, even with the revenue they collect, they still struggle, stating the size of the District within its bounds is too great compared to the capacity of the residents to provide the amount of income needed. While financial restrictions certainly affect these Districts, the lack of staffing and board involvement, in some ways, presents more challenges. Limited staff and volunteer numbers directly impact the amount of work that can be conducted, regardless of monies available. This was particularly the case in CCRRCSD, where the unexpected departure of its entire board crippled the actions of the District (this situation has been resolved and the CCRRSD now has a five-member Board). TCFCSD has likewise struggled with staffing since, based on its policies, it requires two Directors to sign off on spending district funds. However, there is currently only one Director seated on the Board. SB 929 and AB 2257 mandate that California’s CSDs establish and maintain a website with requirements for transparency in terms of public access to meeting minutes and agendas. Only CircleXXCSD, Wallace, Copper Cove Rocky Road are in compliance with this legislation. Again, financial or staffing restrictions are likely the reason for the lack of online presence for these Districts, however, it is still being recommended that the districts make every effort to meet these requirements. OVERVIEW 14 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW GOVERNANCE OPTIONS SB 135 requires districts to establish an elected, or appointed, five-member Board of Directors who are to serve four-year terms. Most of the CSDs included in the report are abiding by this governance structure. Currently, the TCFCSD has vacancies that need to be filled on their Board. All CSDs, have term expiration dates for their members which are provided to the County Elections Department. Creating term limits could be a best practice; however, would not realistic because of the small number of eligible voters eligible to run for district a District Board. In working with the CSD’s LAFCo staff noticed the CSD’s showed accountability in disclosure of information and cooperation with Calaveras LAFCo. Some districts required multiple requests and reminder over a lengthy period. Once again, limited volunteer time for many of these districts makes it challenging to meet legal requirements. A case could be made for the districts to transition to a county service area (CSA). As a dependent special district of the County, the County Board of Supervisors would become the governing body of the district and would offer a full and professional governing body in place of Boards that often struggle with vacancies. Additionally, a CSA would enhance the administrative capacity of the respective district to ensure compliance with legal requirements. Additionally, county staff can offer administrative and operational support services so that the constituents can capitalize on resource sharing and the related efficiencies. Unless additional revenue is secured, conversion to a CSA will increase operational costs since required tasks will be performed by County Staff instead of volunteers. To do this assessments and taxes would most likely need to be increased. All CSD’s have demonstrated the need for additional resources, some of which the County would be able to provide and that would ultimately benefit the constituents of these districts. However, it is recommended that all the CSD’s use the next year to improve or at least make progress with their given circumstances. If, at the end of that time frame, significant challenges are still present, it would be recommended that these CSDs become CSAs should the county be willing and able to accept the CSD into its CSA system, a proposal that is highly unlikely at this time. However, becoming dependent does not change the financial status of the districts and existing funding deficiencies will continue if a conversion to a CSA were to occur. OVERVIEW 15 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW 3. APPALOOSA ROAD COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT Appaloosa Road Community Services District (ARCSD) provides road maintenance services within its boundaries. The most recent MSR for the District was completed in 2006. AGENCY OVERVIEW Background Appaloosa Road Community Services District (ARCSD) was formed in 1995 for the purpose of providing road maintenance services. The principal act that governs the District is the State of California Community Services District Law.2 CSDs may potentially provide a wide array of services, including water supply, wastewater, solid waste, police and fire protection, street lighting and landscaping, airport, recreation and parks, mosquito abatement, library services; street maintenance and drainage services, ambulance service, utility undergrounding, transportation, abate graffiti, flood protection, weed abatement, hydroelectric power, among various other services. CSDs are required to gain LAFCo approval to provide those services permitted by the principal act but not performed by the end of 2005 (i.e., latent powers).3 Boundaries The District is located in the southwestern portion of Calaveras County just east of State Route (SR) 4. Since an MSR was last prepared there was a boundary reorganization in 2007 that consisted of two annexations and a detachment of 81.5 acres in 2020. The nearest CSDs to ARCSD are Circle XX to the northwest and Copper Cove Rocky Road to the south. The total current boundary area consists of 5.5 square miles more or less. Sphere of Influence The District’s boundaries and current Sphere of Influence are coterminous. The District, whose roads are public roads, at one point expressed concern regarding the subdividing and development of property surrounding the District which relies upon the District’s maintained roads for access. However, these properties were not subject to assessments because the properties lie outside of the District’s bounds. This has since been resolved with the annexation of parcels in 2007, which now contribute to the District’s revenue through those fees. And the detachment in January 2020 never contributed to fees. In 2020 LAFCo amended the Sphere of Influence for the ARCSD 2 Government Code §61000-61226.5. 3 Government Code §61106. ARCSD 16 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Figure 2-1: Appaloosa Road Community Services District Boundaries and SOI ·|}þ 4 STALLION WY GELD W ate I rm NG RD Thompson Creek Greenhorn Creek Greenhorn Gulch PINTO DR an Creek BUCKSKIN RD PONY WY APPALOOSA RD ROAN RD SORREL WY Brower Creek ·|}þ 4 BONANZA MINE WY HU N N a T ss E a R u C S r T eek PAINT RD CHESTNUT WY APPALOOSA RD Black Creek CHESTNUT CT DUNN LN MORGAN RD FILLY LN SHETLAND CT WELSH CT Copper Creek ^`Copperopolis MAIN ST ARCSD 17 keerC slegnA Calaveras LAFCo Appaloosa Road CSD Range 12 East y 4 El Dorado County Alpine Sac C ra o m u e n n ty to ¬« 88 ¬« 49 Calaveras Co ¬« 1 u 0 n 8 ty G E L County T C u o o u l n u t m y ne E N S C a o n u n J t o y aquin ¬« 4 A R p o p a a d l o C o S s D a D Stanislaus 0 0.125 0.25 0.5Miles Map Created 6/5/2020 County htroN 2 pihsnwoT Range 13 East HHiigghhwwaayyss County Boundary Calaveras County ^` Community Service District Parcels Towns (Appaloosa Road) Roads Waterbodies Sphere of Influence Appaloosa Road CSD Calaveras LAFCo Resolution: 2020-0001 Amended: January 27, 2020 Appaloosa Road CSD Sphere of Influence Source: Calaveras LAFCo CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Accountability and Governance ARCSD is governed by an elected five-member Board of Directors who are unpaid volunteers recruited from property owners within the District. The District reports that if there are no candidates available to fill a vacancy on the Board, volunteers are recruited to serve in a position, appointed by the district Board, and approved by the Board of Supervisors to serve four-year terms. ARCSD holds quarterly board meetings at 9:00am on the third Saturday during the months of January, April, July and October. The District does not own any facilities where meetings can be held, and instead utilizes open air space within a district road right of way at the intersection of Appaloosa and Chestnut Roads. Agendas for meetings are posted on the bulletin board at the covered mailboxes location. Meeting minutes are distributed the same way as the agendas. District constituents are apprised of the agency’s activities through quarterly board meetings and meeting minutes. Figure 2-2: Appaloosa Road CSD Governing Body Appaloosa Road CSD Governing Body Name Position Term Ends Nicholas Meyer* Board Chair 12/22/02 Members Timothy Fautt* Director 12/22/02 Gina Lynne Gonzales Director 12/01/24 Steve Metz Director 12/5/24 Ronald J. Pieretti* Director 12/01/22 Manner of Selection Elected Length of Term 4 years Held quarterly on the third Saturday of January, April, July, and October Meetings at 9 am in an open air space at the intersection of Appaloosa and Chestnut Roads. Agenda Distribution Posted on the District’s bulletin board. Minutes Distribution Posted on the District’s bulletin board. Contact Contact Nick Meyer Mailing Address P.O. Box 207 Altaville, CA 95221 Phone 209-743-1066 Email/Website Nick_sandi_meyer@hotmail.com *On November 8, 2022 Statewide General Election Candidate Ballot List ARCSD does not send any updates between its meetings. The District stated that before each meeting commences, time is provided for public comments regarding subjects not listed on the agenda. Public comments are also solicited for agenda items before any Board action occurs. If a customer is dissatisfied with the District’s services, his or her concerns are addressed at the quarterly meetings. If property owners have road issues of immediate concern they may contact the ARCSD road manager. Issues raised at quarterly meetings are noted in the minutes of the ARCSD 18 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW meetings, along with any disposition or action taken. Typically, six road issues, on average, are raised at the meetings throughout the year. The full Board and the road manager hear and address all such issues. In 2018, the Special District Transparency Act (SB 929, Government Codes §6270.6 and §53087.8 ) was signed into law requiring special districts in California to have websites set up by January 1, 2020 in the name of transparency, as required by the Brown Act. The mandate indicates the site must clearly list the district’s contact information, agendas, minutes, budgets and financial statements, compensation reports, and other relevant public information and documents. There is an exemption to the law if the district’s governing body adopts a resolution by majority vote and provides detailed information regarding a hardship preventing the establishment or maintenance of a website. This resolution must be adopted annually over the duration of the hardship. Additionally, California’s AB 2257 (Government Code §54954.2), enacted in 2016, updated the Brown Act with new requirements governing the location, platform and methods by which an agenda must be accessible on the agency’s website for all meetings occurring on or after January 1, 2019. AB 2257 provides two options for compliance. Under the first option, an agency that maintains a website must post a direct link to the current agenda on its primary homepage. The link may not be placed in a “contextual menu,” such as a drop-down tab, that would require a user to perform an action to reveal the agenda link. Additionally, the agenda must be: (a) downloadable, indexable, and electronically searchable by common internet browsers; (b) platform independent and machine readable; and (c) available to the public, free of charge and without restrictions that might interfere with the reuse or redistribution of the agenda. Under the second option, an agency may implement an “integrated agenda management platform,” meaning a dedicated webpage that provides the necessary agenda information. The most current agenda must be located at the top of the page. Under this option, a direct link to the current agenda does not need to be posted on the homepage; however, the agency is required to post a link to the platform containing the agenda information. Again, this link may not be hidden in a contextual menu. Currently, Appaloosa Road CSD does not have a website listed and is therefore not in compliance with either SB 929 or AB 2257. It is recommended that the District consider hosting a simple website that meets its needs and enhances transparency or adopt a resolution indicating hardship in meeting this requirement. Although the District does not utilize a website for its outreach efforts, it still works to reach its constituents to the best of its ability, given its limited financial resources. There is a bulletin board near the Appaloosa Road entrance where the mailboxes reside. This board allows for the posting of information and announcements. There are also sign boards posted at this location before public meetings and access to agendas are made available here prior to meetings as well. ARCSD demonstrated accountability in its disclosure of information and cooperation with Calaveras LAFCo. The District responded to the questionnaires and cooperated with document requests. Planning and Management Practices The District does not have paid staff and all district services are offered by volunteers. Operations, administration, and governance are conducted by the District’s five-member Board, a volunteer Secretary, a volunteer Treasurer, and a volunteer Road Manager. The Road Manager functions as a General Manager. ARCSD 19 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW All staff are volunteers, therefore, staff workload is not tracked and evaluations are not performed. The District similarly does not evaluate its own agency performance. The District has no physical assets. The Road Manager, however, does receive a small stipend for the use of a personal vehicle while conducting District business on district roads. The District contracts for road maintenance services. The District’s financial planning efforts include an annually adopted budget and audited financial statements. The District reports that it completed its first five-year audit in 2021. The District does not adopt a formal Capital Improvement Plan (CIP); however, there is a road repair priority list of road work prepared by the Road Manager and approved by the Board. The list does not change substantially but is reviewed periodically at quarterly meetings. No other planning documents are adopted. Existing Demand and Growth Projections Designated land uses within ARCSD are primarily residential. Population Of ARCSD’s 158 parcels, 80 are presently occupied by residents. The remaining parcels are either undeveloped or unoccupied full-time. Some parcels, however, are periodically occupied by non-residents. The estimated population in ARCSD is about 235, based on an average household size of 2.94 in California. Existing Demand According to the District, service demand within its boundaries has generally been staying the same or slightly increasing. Projected Growth and Development The District anticipates slow growth to continue for the foreseeable future. The California Department of Finance projected approximately five percent growth in Calaveras County, as a whole, between 2015 and 2030. This translates to about 0.3 percent annual growth. There is no current potential for any new roads to be built within the District’s boundaries as the District states the number of parcels and lengths of District roads are fixed. Growth Strategies The District is not a land use authority, and does not hold primary responsibility for implementing growth strategies. The land use authority for unincorporated areas such ARCSD is Calaveras County. Financing ARCSD reported that the current financing level was inadequate to provide the level of service the District would like, but it is adequate to ensure safe and serviceable roads. One of the primary challenges is that the District is responsible for maintaining and improving over 14 miles of road ARCSD 20 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW on a limited annual budget, which requires prioritizing road work based on the number of property owners benefitting from such work, and upon the condition of individual roads. Despite a recent special tax measure that was approved by the District’s constituents in 2019, the District explained that the income this measure generates is still not sufficient to maintain the vast amount of roads that cover 20-acre parcels. ARCSD collects no special fees. The District receives its only operating income from both benefit assessments and special taxes. When ARCSD was created in 1996 a benefit assessment tax was implemented based on property owners’ utilization of road mileage. In 2006, to fund a major road paving project, a special tax was approved by property owners by an election. This tax has no sunset date. All parcels within the District, whether developed or not, are subject to the assessment and special tax. In 2019 a district parcel tax was raised from $75.00 per year to $175.00 per year. There are no non-residential developments within the District. Annual special assessments are $575 per lot except within the Buckskin Zone, which has a parcel assessment of $500. In 2007, seven parcels that utilized District roads were annexed into the ARCSD. They are now also paying assessments and taxes as indicated. In addition to benefit assessments and special taxes, ARCSD collects a traffic impact fee that has been imposed on a local vineyard. The vineyard hosts a wine tasting on its premises which increases traffic on a district road. As of 2021, the District levees a $170 fee based on the estimated traffic, per the Calaveras County Planning Department. The District also states that recently, the owner of the winery voluntarily contacted the County about reassessing the winery’s traffic in order to increase the traffic impact fee he pays. The response from the County is still pending. In FY 20-21, the District received a total of $87,812.97 in revenues through taxes and assessments. The expenditures in FY 20-21 amounted to $103,822.88 and consisted of road maintenance expenses and administrative costs for things such as postage, the District’s P.O. Box, and the audit. While the expenditures exceeded revenues in this year, the District maintains a reserve for sizeable capital expenditures in any year. Capital improvements are usually financed through the District’s regular income. The District has no long-term debt. There is no formal reserve policy, but the District did have a financial reserve account. At the end of FY 19-20, the District had unrestricted net assets of $111,434. The District completed its first five-year audit in 2021. ROAD SERVICES Service Overview ARCSD provides grading, gravel and paving services as prioritized and approved by the Board of Directors. The District has no staffing or equipment to provide these services, so all the work is contracted out. The District’s roads are not swept. The District does not provide services outside of its boundaries. ARCSD 21 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Facilities and Capacity The Appaloosa subdivision has 158 parcels. The District provides road maintenance for two zones, the Appaloosa Zone and the Buckskin Zone, with a total 17.46 miles of road. Approximately fifteen miles are improved, the remainder being unimproved. There are no signalized intersections. There is one bridge on Appaloosa Road, which is maintained by the District. The main road, Appaloosa, is paved with either chip seal or asphalt. Some tributary roads are paved with chip seal, some are graveled, and some are unimproved. The unimproved roads are those serving land parcels, which are undeveloped. Approximately six miles of roads are paved with asphalt, primarily Appaloosa Road. There are nine miles of road that is chip sealed, roughly half a mile that is gravel, and two and a half miles that are unimproved. The District reportedly has sufficient, but limited, capacity for road maintenance based on fixed assessments and special taxes. The District also reported that its roads have never been rated. ARCSD currently does not engage in any facility sharing practices. Infrastructure Needs The District, which contracts with local paving companies for road maintenance, rehabilitates about 0.5 miles of roads per fiscal year. The District does not use the Pavement Management System (PMS) to determine the number of miles in need of rehabilitation due to financial limitations. ARCSD focuses on trying to maintain Appaloosa Road, which all property owners utilize, and making improvements to other tributary roads as funding permits. The District typically receives one to two calls per year for road repairs due to storm damage. Between quarterly meetings the Road Manager periodically drives the roads and prepares a list of repairs or improvements needed and brings these to the Board for approval. Challenges The main challenge for the District is its limited financing, which is only sufficient to maintain roads at a minimally acceptable level. It is not adequate for desired additional maintenance and repairs, as well as paving of the unpaved roads. The District also states that there is minimal attendance at quarterly meetings and it has had difficulty attracting volunteers for board positions and officers. Despite their efforts posting for this need on the District’s bulletin board, there has been no interest shown. Service Adequacy This section reviews indicators of road service adequacy, including, condition of roadways, deferred maintenance, and congestion. The condition of street pavement is typically evaluated by local agencies using a Pavement Management System (PMS), which regularly evaluates pavement condition and establishes a cost-effective maintenance strategy. Each segment of pavement is rated for distress (i.e., cracks ARCSD 22 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW and potholes) and the extent and severity of distress. Having an up-to-date PMS allows the local agency to quickly and efficiently gauge road maintenance needs and efficiently allocate resources. As was already mentioned, ARCSD does not make use of PMS. The most frequently utilized Appaloosa Road is kept in good condition; other roads are improved as funding permits. The life cycle of pavement in good condition can be extended through preventative maintenance by applying a thin layer of asphalt mixture, better known as slurry sealing or seal-coating. When pavement is in fair condition—with moderate potholes and cracks—it can be treated with one- to two-inch thick overlays. Pavement with minor structural distress—with significant cracks—often requires rehabilitation, involving grinding of portions of the existing street and application of a thick overlay. Pavement with major structural distress—with extensive cracks—often requires reconstruction involving removal and replacement of the street segment. Pavement management studies have shown that it is more cost effective to maintain pavement in good condition over its useful life than to let it deteriorate to the point that it requires a major overlay or reconstruction. Deferring maintenance can increase long-term maintenance costs as much as four times greater than a consistent preventative maintenance strategy, according to the Transportation Research Board. Street reconstruction is typically needed once asphalt is 20-35 years old, with the asphalt lifespan depending on the use of preventative maintenance efforts. While ARCSD does not seal roads, they do execute repairs with asphalt overlay and spot repairs for potholes and edgework on both paved and chip sealed roads. Since the initial paving, no roads have been completely sealed or re-paved. Traffic congestion is measured based on the daily number of vehicle hours of delay due to congestion. Historically, Level of Service (LOS) analysis has relied upon a conventional perspective of the primary use of public streets by motor vehicles rather than considering all modes of travel, including public transportation, bicycling and walking. LOS on streets and highways is rated on a scale of A-F, where “A” is the best rating and “F” the worst. LOS “E” means significant delays, unstable traffic flow, and rapidly fluctuating speeds and flow rates; LOS “F” means considerable delay with forced traffic flow and speeds dropping to zero. Calaveras County has an adopted minimum standard of LOS C; however, this standard is not applicable to the CSD’s roads. The District does not maintain any formal standards regarding traffic volumes on its roads. It has stated there are no issues with congestion that need to be addressed and also indicated their roads have not been rated. ARCSD 23 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW APPALOOSA ROAD COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS Growth and Population Projections v The District currently covers 5.6 miles and has 80 residential parcels. It is estimated that the District has a population of approximately 235. v In 2007, seven additional parcels were annexed into the District and contribute to the taxes and assessment fees. In 2019 4 Assessor Parcels were detached. v The District anticipates minimal growth in population through 2030 and similarly in service demand, especially with no development projects expected. It is projected that population growth will be approximately 0.3 percent annually. The Location and Characteristics of Disadvantaged Unincorporated Communities Within or Contiguous to the Agency’s SOI v Based on the Department of Water Resources disadvantaged communities mapping tool, there are no disadvantaged unincorporated communities within or adjacent to the District. Present and Planned Capacity of Public Facilities and Adequacy of Public Services, Including Infrastructure Needs and Deficiencies v ARCSD strictly provides road maintenance services of the District’s 17.46 miles of roads. It does not share nor own any facilities. The roads are kept serviceable, particularly the main tributary, Appaloosa Road, although minimally maintained due to budget constraints. v The District’s roads appear to have sufficient existing capacity and future capacity for anticipated minimal growth based on the lack of congestion on any district roads. v The District would benefit from the use of a Pavement Management System (PMS) to determine the amount of roads in need of rehabilitation. However, current financial constraints do not indicate the feasibility of this expense. Financial Ability of Agencies to Provide Services v The District has stated it has long-been financially challenged and although its roads are passable, they are being minimally maintained due to lack of funding. v The District successfully completed its first five-year audit. v ARCSD indicated its revenues from taxes and fees, in contrast to the expansive land area it needs to maintain roads for, do not accommodate additional road services to be administered beyond the most basic level of service, as priorities indicate. v There are currently no additional revenue channels that have been identified. ARCSD 24 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Status of, and Opportunities for, Shared Facilities v ARCSD does not practice facility sharing at this time as it does not have facilities of its own. Accountability for Community Service Needs, Including Governmental Structure and Operational Efficiencies v ARCSD practices outreach efforts which enhance transparency in terms of sharing District information and announcements in a financially responsible manner. It also encourages participation in the District through volunteering and board membership. v There are challenges within the District to generate a significant draw to quarterly meetings, indicating little sustained interest in the overall well-being of the District. v Although financial and volunteer resources are limited, it is recommended that ARCSD establish a website which would more easily allow for transparency of records and the sharing of information with its constituents. A website would also provide more opportunities for outreach efforts while complying with state legislation that mandates this need. v The District’s Board appears to be providing sufficient services given its limited resources. In order to alleviate the continual struggles of the District, such as staffing limitations, fulfilling the mandated need for a website, and being able to provide road maintenance services beyond the bare minimum, a governance structure option is transition of ARCSD to a county service area (CSA). With a CSA, the County’s Board of Supervisors would be able to provide a robust governance structure and the ability to operate within the confines of legal requirements. A CSA would also allow for more available resources to be dedicated where needed and offer more administrative and operational support through County staff than the District is able to provide. However, additional services will cost more money. The process to increase funding is identical for CSA’s and CSD’s and will require approval of the voters. ARCSD 25 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW 4. CIRCLE XX COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT Circle XX Community Services District (CXXCSD) provides road maintenance services within the Circle XX residential subdivision. The last MSR for the District was completed in 2006. AGENCY OVERVIEW Background Circle XX CSD was originally a County Service Area (CSA). In the 1960s, the Pacific Cascade Land Company created 14.6 miles of unpaved roads as part of the Circle XX housing subdivision within Calaveras County. When the company went bankrupt in 1972, residents took over road maintenance. Eventually, the Calaveras County Board of Supervisors resolved that although the Circle XX roads were public county roads, they did not meet county standards and, therefore, the County would not maintain them. A petition was later submitted to the County Board of Supervisors to dissolve the CSA. In 1989, a vote resulted in the adoption of resolutions by the County and LAFCo to dissolve the CSA and form the Circle XX Community Services District. This change allows the District to be governed by its own Board of Directors that is responsible for the maintenance of Circle XX roads. CXXCSD is situated in the west central portion of the County with Appaloosa Road CSD located to the southeast and Mountain Ranch CSD to the northeast. The principal act that governs the District is the State of California Community Services District Law.4 CSDs may potentially provide a wide array of services, including water supply, wastewater, solid waste, police and fire protection, street lighting and landscaping, airport, recreation and parks, mosquito abatement, library services; street maintenance and drainage services, ambulance service, utility undergrounding, transportation, abate graffiti, flood protection, weed abatement, hydroelectric power, among various other services. CSDs are required to gain LAFCo approval to provide those services permitted by the principal act but not performed by the end of 2005 (i.e., latent powers). There have been no changes in services provided since the District was formed. 4 Government Code §61000-61226.5. CXXCSD 26 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Boundaries The District is located in the west central portion of Calaveras County. The total current boundary area consists of 3,206 acres or roughly five miles of land. Within its boundaries, there are 142 twenty-acre lots and three parcels of land. The Circle XX subdivision consists of 151 lots, however, nine of these lots, which have entrances on Pool Station Road, did not join the CSD when it was created. The District maintains 10 public roads, or approximately 14.6 miles of roads, that exist within the remainder of the subdivision. There have been no boundary changes since the District’s formation. Sphere of Influence The District’s SOI is coterminous with its boundaries. The District’s SOI was last updated in 2006 when it was reconfirmed as coterminous. CXXCSD 27 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Figure 3-1: Circle XX Community Services District Boundaries and SOI Range 12 East 02 01 06 05 04 03 CONCHO ST SPUR ST South Fork Calaveras River San Antonio Creek 11 12 07 08 09 10 ROMEL ST Steele Creek San Domingo Creek 14 13 18 TS SOJARAPAHC 17 16 Cherokee Creek 15 TAPADERO ST CINCHA ST RIATA WY 23 24 19 20 21 22 Dry Creek Bear Creek JAQUIMA DR LATIGO ST 26 25 30 29 MARTINGALE LN 28 POOL STATION RD 27 ROBIN LN Nassau Creek 35 COOPER LN 36 HEISER CANYON RD 31 32 33 SARATOGA RD BAILNQUICK RD 34 Calaveras County Highways 4 L E Parcels G Roads E ^` N Towns D Circle XX CSD Waterbodies 0 1,000 2,000 4,000Feet CXXCSD 28 htroN 3 pihsnwoT Calaveras LAFCo Circle XX CSD Range 11 East Circle XX CSD Circle XX CSD Sphere of Influence Map Created 10/28/2015 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Accountability and Governance The CXXCSD is governed by an elected five-member Board of Directors who serve four-year, staggered terms. Registered voters must live in the Circle XX subdivision to be able to vote in the elections. If a vacancy for a Director occurs between terms, the position may be filled by appointment. Directors are unpaid and receive no benefits, however, they are allowed to have expenses reimbursed when incurred performing authorized Circle XX duties. There are eight monthly meetings held between the months of March and October. A November meeting can be scheduled if necessary. These meetings take place at a private residence at 6:00pm on the third Thursday of the month. Special meetings are scheduled as needed, relating to a single emergency issue. Historically, these meetings have occurred once or twice each year. In other years, there have been no special meetings held. Board meetings must have a minimum of three Directors present and are open to the public. The District also posts advance notice of scheduled meetings, as well as agendas and minutes, both online and on the community bulletin board near the Circle XX entrance. Figure 3-2: Circle XX CSD Governing Body Circle XX CSD Governing Body Name Position Term Ends Pat Bourassa Director 2024 Members Aaron Cole Director 2022 Cathey Cothran Director 2022 Natalie Haney Director 2024 Rick Hill* Director 2022 Manner of Selection Elected or Appointed in lieu Length of Term 4 years Third Thursday of the month between March and October at Meetings 7601 Riata Way, Circle XX 6pm. November meetings as needed. Posted on County’s website and the bulletin board by the mailboxes at Agenda Distribution the District’s entrance. Minutes Distribution Posted on County’s website, sent with a Circle XX mailing file. Contact Contact Secretary Mary Dean Mailing Address PO Box 1645, San Andreas, CA 95249 Phone 209-890-0268 or 209-768-2340 or (209 785-7685 Rick Hill) Circlexx.specialdistrict.org marydean@caltel.com Email/Website scifihill@aol.com *On November 8, 2022 Statewide General Election Ballot CXXCSD 29 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW If a customer is dissatisfied with the District’s services, their concerns are typically sent to the District via phone or through the website, or they attend a meeting. The secretary handles complaints and presents them to the Board. There are typically one or two issues raised per year, mostly regarding potholes. In 2018, the Special District Transparency Act (SB 929, Government Codes §6270.6 and §53087.8 ) was signed into law requiring special districts in California to have websites set up by January 1, 2020 in the name of transparency, as required by the Brown Act. The mandate indicates the site must clearly list the district’s contact information, agendas, minutes, budgets and financial statements, compensation reports, and other relevant public information and documents. There is an exemption to the law if the district’s governing body adopts a resolution by majority vote and provides detailed information regarding a hardship preventing the establishment or maintenance of a website. This resolution must be adopted annually over the duration of the hardship. Additionally, California’s AB 2257 (Government Code §54954.2), enacted in 2016, updated the Brown Act with new requirements governing the location, platform and methods by which an agenda must be accessible on the agency’s website for all meetings occurring on or after January 1, 2019. AB 2257 provides two options for compliance. Under the first option, an agency that maintains a website must post a direct link to the current agenda on its primary homepage. The link may not be placed in a “contextual menu,” such as a drop-down tab, that would require a user to perform an action to reveal the agenda link. Additionally, the agenda must be: (a) downloadable, indexable, and electronically searchable by common internet browsers; (b) platform independent and machine readable; and (c) available to the public, free of charge and without restrictions that might interfere with the reuse or redistribution of the agenda. Under the second option, an agency may implement an “integrated agenda management platform,” meaning a dedicated webpage that provides the necessary agenda information. The most current agenda must be located at the top of the page. Under this option, a direct link to the current agenda does not need to be posted on the homepage; however, the agency is required to post a link to the platform containing the agenda information. Again, this link may not be hidden in a contextual menu. Currently, Circle XX maintains a comprehensive website and is in compliance with both SB 929 and AB 2257. The CXXCSD website is the primary means to conduct outreach efforts for the District. The District demonstrated accountability in its disclosure of information and cooperation with Calaveras LAFCo. The District readily responded to the questionnaires and cooperated with document requests. Planning and Management Practices CXXCSD is comprised of five Board Directors, a Road Manager, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The District indicated it has no paid staff. There are also two CXXCSD volunteers who, likewise, do not receive pay nor benefits. Furthermore, staff and volunteer workloads are not tracked and employee evaluations are not performed. Likewise, the District does not have a process in place to evaluate the performance of its agency. CXXCSD 30 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW The public may bring issues to the Board for discussion at public hearings and may also request, in writing, that a matter specifically related to District business be placed on the agenda for a regular board meeting. Because CXXCSD has no employees, private contractors and volunteers complete all road maintenance. The District does own equipment that was either purchased or donated, including items such as road cones, barricades, and a gas spray rig. The District’s financial planning efforts include an annually adopted budget and annually audited financial statements. These reports are readily available on the District’s website. The District primarily performs road maintenance as necessary without the benefit of a capital improvement plan (CIP). Existing Demand and Growth Projections Land within the CXXCSD is privately owned and primarily for residential use. The General Plan outlines the zoning categories specified for the District. Currently, the CXXCSD lots are considered rural residential at a minimum of 20 acres (RR-20) for building zoning and rural transition-A for 10 to 20-acre parcels (RT-A) for general land use. Population The estimated population in the District is 150. Residents represent 142 lots and three parcels of mostly developed land within Circle XX. Existing Demand According to the District, the demand for road maintenance services generally remains steady and is not commonly impacted by tourism or seasonal residents. Although, the District reports sufficient funds to support existing demands, they noted there are limited financial resources. There are, on average, one or two repair requests per year for road maintenance and the District is able to address these issues. The District contracts out its services to a local company through an annual agreement. CXXCSD also does not provide services outside of its bounds. Projected Growth and Development CXXCSD does have new residents moving into the District each year and anticipates slow growth to continue for the foreseeable future. The California Department of Finance projected approximately five percent growth in Calaveras County, as a whole, between 2015 and 2030. This translates to roughly 0.3 percent annual growth. The District does not have any areas outside of its boundaries where it may propose annexation. Three quarters of CXXCSD is developed, meaning the potential for future growth is fairly limited. The District struggles to afford the cost of repairs and expects this to be the case in meeting future demand based on current population projections. CXXCSD 31 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Growth Strategies The District is not a land use authority, and does not hold primary responsibility for implementing growth strategies. The land use authority for unincorporated areas such as CXXCSD is the County. Financing CXXCSD indicates its current financing is not sufficient to provide an adequate level of service within the community. The District collects a $400 annual assessment per lot from Circle XX residents to be able to improve, repair, and maintain its roads. This fee is CXXCSD’s primary income and was approved during a November 2012 election and expires June 30, 2023. The total amount of this assessment accounts for approximately $58,000 in revenue annually. In September 2022, surveys will be sent to all landowners within the District asking if they want the fee to remain the same, increase, or decrease when the current assessment expires in 2023. Options will be presented by the District and the selection with the most votes will be placed on the ballot. The District states one of the challenges to their financial status is that they are restricted in what the assessment fee can be. Per the District’s audit for the FY 19-20, expenditures totaled $49,347, of which $45,299 was used for the cost of road maintenance. The District’s financial reserve policy is an informal plan to maintain a minimum balance of $15,000 in its savings account for emergency use. As of the end of FY19-20, the reserve balance was $17,591. CXXCSD does not receive grants, nor traffic impact fees, and does not currently have capital expenditures. There are also no joint financing JPAs. The District undergoes independent audits of its finances annually. These audited financial reports indicate that the District has consistently had no long-term debt and no fixed assets. CXXCSD 32 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW ROAD SERVICES Service Overview The CXXCSD consists of approximately 15 miles of public roads and is responsible for providing the road services throughout its subdivision, including: • Filling potholes • Road grading • Road base spreading • Laying chip and seal • Laying asphalt • Road side spraying • Road side grass cutting at the Circle XX entrance • Ditching • Cleaning and repair of the District’s culverts • Tree trimming • Road sign maintenance All road work within the District is performed by private contractors and volunteer staff as prioritized by the Board of Directors. The District does not provide services outside of its boundaries. Road work is only performed once per year. Facilities and Capacity The District is responsible for 14.6 miles of roads, 12.4 miles of which are paved. The roads vary in surface from asphalt and chip seal to gravel. There are no signalized intersections within the subdivision. Although the roads within the District are public roads, they are not maintained by the County. The CXXCSD maintains all the roads within its subdivision and the land within it is all privately owned. The 10 interconnecting roads that comprise the District’s road system include: • 2.6 miles of paved road on Riata Way, • 2.6 miles of road on Tapadero Street (98% paved), • 4.5 miles of paved road on Jaquima Drive, • 0.9 miles of paved road on Chaparajos Street, CXXCSD 33 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW • 0.8 miles of paved road on Latigo Street, • 0.8 miles of road on Cincha Street (9.5% is paved), • 0.4 miles of road on Romel Street (95% is paved), • 1.5 miles of road on Concho Street (40% is paved), • 922 feet of road on Spur Court (25% is paved), and • 0.4 miles of unpaved road on Martingale Lane. The District does not have any facilities but does own equipment that was either purchased by or donated to the District. This equipment is stored at the home of a Director and includes: • A 100-gallon tow behind gas spray rig with a hand wand and spray booms -purchased in 2021, • Barricades – four purchased, two donated, • Two road cones – donated, • One handheld stop sign – purchased, • Three safety vests – donated, and • A gas vibrator/compactor – donated. Based on the current needs of the District, CXXCSD reportedly does not have sufficient capacity to complete the maintenance that is needed in spite of their current financial status due to the price of materials needed to execute repairs. Infrastructure Needs The District indicates it is only able to rehabilitate less than one mile of roads per fiscal year. District roads are in need of sealing; however, financial limitations have prevented this. The capability to perform the needed road work is dependent on the cost of materials and the District’s ability to cover such costs. The District does not utilize a PMS to evaluate the pavement conditions and related needs. Challenges The District identified the price of materials needed to repair its roads as the primary challenge to fulfilling its road maintenance duties. In particular, rising gas prices prohibit additional projects from being completed. The District also reported it is restricted in its ability to adjust assessments, which could potentially increase its revenue. CXXCSD 34 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Service Adequacy This section reviews indicators of road service adequacy, including, condition of roadways, deferred maintenance, and congestion. The condition of street pavement is typically evaluated by local agencies using a Pavement Management System (PMS), which regularly evaluates pavement condition and establishes a cost-effective maintenance strategy. Each segment of pavement is rated for distress (i.e., cracks and potholes) and the extent and severity of distress. Having an up-to-date PMS allows the local agency to quickly and efficiently gauge road maintenance needs and efficiently allocate resources. The Circle XX CSD does not utilize a PMS. Attention is given to roads needing the most repair first, as funding permits. The life cycle of pavement in good condition can be extended through preventative maintenance by applying a thin layer of asphalt mixture, better known as slurry sealing or seal-coating. When pavement is in fair condition—with moderate potholes and cracks—it can be treated with one- to two-inch thick overlays. Pavement with minor structural distress—with significant cracks—often requires rehabilitation, involving grinding of portions of the existing street and application of a thick overlay. Pavement with major structural distress—with extensive cracks—often requires reconstruction involving removal and replacement of the street segment. Pavement management studies have shown that it is more cost effective to maintain pavement in good condition over its useful life than to let it deteriorate to the point that it requires a major overlay or reconstruction. Deferring maintenance can increase long-term maintenance costs as much as four times greater than a consistent preventative maintenance strategy, according to the Transportation Research Board. Street reconstruction is typically needed once asphalt is 20-35 years old, with the asphalt lifespan depending on the use of preventative maintenance efforts. The District currently does not have the financial ability to seal its roads. Traffic congestion is measured based on the daily number of vehicle hours of delay due to congestion. Historically, Level of Service (LOS) analysis has relied upon a conventional perspective of the primary use of public streets by motor vehicles rather than considering all modes of travel, including public transportation, bicycling and walking. LOS on streets and highways is rated on a scale of A-F, where “A” is the best rating and “F” the worst. LOS “E” means significant delays, unstable traffic flow, and rapidly fluctuating speeds and flow rates; LOS “F” means considerable delay with forced traffic flow and speeds dropping to zero. Calaveras County has an adopted minimum standard of LOS C; however, this standard is not applicable to the CSD’s roads. The District does not maintain any formal standards regarding traffic volumes on its roads and its roads have not been graded. CXXCSD 35 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW CIRCLE XX COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS Growth and Population Projections v The estimated population in the District is 150. The District currently has 142 lots within its bounds that cover five miles. Most of these lots are privately owned, residential structures. v There has been slow but steady growth each year within the CXXCSD and service demand is not expected to increase significantly, as there are no existing planned or proposed development plans. The Location and Characteristics of Disadvantaged Unincorporated Communities Within or Contiguous to the Agency’s SOI v Based on the Department of Water Resources disadvantaged communities mapping tool, there are no disadvantaged unincorporated community within or adjacent to the District. Present and Planned Capacity of Public Facilities and Adequacy of Public Services, Including Infrastructure Needs and Deficiencies v It appears that the District’s roadways have sufficient existing and future capacity to serve the current and projected population as indicated by the lack of congestion. v The District indicates it is only able to rehabilitate less than one mile of roads per fiscal year. District roads are in need of sealing; however, financial limitations have prevented this. v The District does not maintain any formal standards regarding traffic volumes on its roads and its roads have not been graded. However, it appears that the District is providing adequate services as allowed by the current funding level. Financial Ability of Agencies to Provide Services v CXXCSD has responsibly maintained its financial records, has made them publicly available, and easily accessible. It creates and adheres to annual budgets and conducts annual financial audits. v The District does have a healthy reserve fund for emergency use which aligns with its informal reserve policy. v Due to financial challenges restricting the work that can be completed on District roads, one recommendation is to seek out and utilize additional volunteers who may be able to complete repairs without further impacting the District’s budget. v The District indicated it is limited in its ability to raise assessment fees, although costs to provide the same services have increased over the last couple of years. As prices and commodities like gas costs increase, the less services that can be provided. CXXCSD 36 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW v Although the District is challenged by increased costs limiting the leveraging power of its revenues, it has established healthy reserves and been within budget, indicating that the level of financing is adequate to provide the essential level of road services within bounds. However, funding does not exist to broaden services provided. Status of, and Opportunities for, Shared Facilities v The District has no shared facilities and no facilities of its own. No future opportunities for facility sharing were identified. Accountability for Community Service Needs, Including Governmental Structure and Operational Efficiencies v CXXCSD demonstrated accountability in its disclosure of information and cooperation with Calaveras LAFCo. The District readily responded to the questionnaires and cooperated with the document requests. v The District has established and maintains a well-kept, useful website that enables outreach efforts and transparency, and which also complies with legislative mandates. CXXCSD 37 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW 5. COPPER COVE ROCKY ROAD COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT Cooper Code Rocky Road Community Services District (CCRRCSD) provides road maintenance services within its boundaries. The most recent MSR for the District was adopted in 2006. AGENCY OVERVIEW Background The Copper Cove Rocky Road CSD (CCRRCSD) was formed on January 19, 1984 near Copperopolis to provide road maintenance services. The district was formed by a petition of registered voters representing more than 80% of the voters within the district. The principal act that governs the District is the State of California Community Services District Law.5 CSDs may potentially provide a wide array of services, including water supply, wastewater, solid waste, police and fire protection, street lighting and landscaping, airport, recreation and parks, mosquito abatement, library services; street maintenance and drainage services, ambulance service, utility undergrounding, transportation, abate graffiti, flood protection, weed abatement, hydroelectric power, among various other services. CSDs are required to gain LAFCo approval to provide those services permitted by the principal act but not performed by the end of 2005 (i.e., latent powers). Boundaries The District is located near Copperopolis in the southwestern portion of Calaveras County, southeast of SR 4. Nearby CSDs include Appaloosa Road CSD to its north and the Copper Valley CSD south of its boundaries. The total current boundary area consists of roughly 1,424 acres and represents 626 parcels and approximately 16 miles of roads. On December 21, 1984, parcels 629-633 inclusive were removed from the district. Sphere of Influence The District’s boundaries and current Sphere of Influence are coterminous. CCRRCSD’s SOI was last updated in 2006 when it was reconfirmed as coterminous. The District has not indicated a need to adjust its existing SOI. 5 Government Code §61000-61226.5. CCRRCSD 38 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Figure 4-1: Copper Cove Rocky Road Community Services District Boundaries and SOI Range 12 East ^`Copperopolis 33HODSON RD ·|þ} 4 34 MIN JA E C R K A S L O N S S T T MAIN ST 35 36 REEDS TURNPIKE 04 OXYOKE LN OLIVE RANCH RD RANCH RD 03 SQUAW DR 02 PYLE RD 01 SALMON RD Copper Creek BEAVER RD Black Creek Littlejohns Creek BRAVE C S H T EYENNE RD CHOCTAW R C D ANOE ST 09 10 11 12 CHIEF RD BUFFALO WY Littlejohns Creek 16 QUIVER ST 15 SAW MILL R F D 1 OX 4 CT ACOR PA N P O S O T S M E O N C D O R C H T IEF RD BLACK CREEK DR BR F I E D P A INION T L DR H E E Q R W D U R O IL O L D R L D P N IN 1 IO 3 N CT COPPER O C B O YR V NE E S D FE R RRY RD Littlejohns Creek 21 22 BOW D L R ITTLE A R J R O O H C W N H H R A E D R A M D S S T T ONE WY QUAIL HILL B A R S D KET LN 23 24 Calaveras County Highways 4 L E Parcels G Roads E ^` N Towns D 0 1,250 2,500 5,000Feet Copper Cove/ Waterbodies Rocky Road CSD CCRRCSD 39 htroN 1 pihsnwoT Calaveras LAFCo Copper Cove/Rocky Road CSD Copper Cove/Rocky Road CSD Copper Cove/Rocky Road CSD Sphere of Influence Map Created 10/28/2015 htroN 2 pihsnwoT CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Accountability and Governance The District is currently governed by an appointed, five-member Board of Directors. According to the District, in June of 2020, the previous Board members abruptly resigned however, a new 5- member board has been constituted. In December of 2020, the local County Board Supervisor assembled an interim, three-person Board. Since that time, two seats were vacated but have recently been filled. Therefore, the current 5-member Board of Directors has only been in place for a short period of time. The Board is gaining access to information that was saved about the District. The Board has initiated contact with Calaveras County for guidance in establishing its governance structure and to communicate its request for help developing needed systems and processes to be able to execute its duties. The current Board Members have expressed a desire to more thoroughly be able to complete any requests for information in the future once the stability of the District has been restored. Figure 4-2: Copper Cove Rocky Road CSD Governing Body Copper Cove Rocky Road Governing Body Name Position T erm Ends Sheldon Toso* President 1 1/08/2022 Michael Daniels Director 1 1/08/22 Members Adam Robinson Director 1 1/08/22 Ken Cox – sec treas* Director 11/08/22 Todd Vanden-Bosch* V-President 1 1/08/22 Manner of Selection Elected or appointed Length of Term 4 years 2nd thurs every month,Copper Cove HOA Black Creek Park Meetings Hall 920 Black Creek Drive, Copperopolis Agenda Distribution Website, meeting site and in the general community Minutes Distribution Website Contact Contact Sheldon Toso Mailing Address P.O. Box 357, Copperopolis, CA 95288 Phone 209-768-2340 ccrrcsd@caltel.com/ https://rockyroad.community Email/Website f acebook board@rockyroad.community *On November 8, 2022 Statewide General Election Candidate list At present, if a customer is dissatisfied with the District’s services, their concerns are shared with the Copper Cove HOA, which has agreed to forward these issues to one of the District’s Board members. The District reported that no complaints have yet been registered. CCRRCSD 40 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW In 2018, the Special District Transparency Act (SB 929, Government Codes §6270.6 and §53087.8) was signed into law requiring special districts in California to have websites set up by January 1, 2020 in the name of transparency, as required by the Brown Act. The mandate indicates the site must clearly list the district’s contact information, agendas, minutes, budgets and financial statements, compensation reports, and other relevant public information and documents. There is an exemption to the law if the district’s governing body adopts a resolution by majority vote and provides detailed information regarding a hardship preventing the establishment or maintenance of a website. This resolution must be adopted annually over the duration of the hardship. Additionally, California’s AB 2257 (Government Code §54954.2), enacted in 2016, updated the Brown Act with new requirements governing the location, platform and methods by which an agenda must be accessible on the agency’s website for all meetings occurring on or after January 1, 2019. AB 2257 provides two options for compliance. Under the first option, an agency that maintains a website must post a direct link to the current agenda on its primary homepage. The link may not be placed in a “contextual menu,” such as a drop-down tab, that would require a user to perform an action to reveal the agenda link. Additionally, the agenda must be: (a) downloadable, indexable, and electronically searchable by common internet browsers; (b) platform independent and machine readable; and (c) available to the public, free of charge and without restrictions that might interfere with the reuse or redistribution of the agenda. Under the second option, an agency may implement an “integrated agenda management platform,” meaning a dedicated webpage that provides the necessary agenda information. The most current agenda must be located at the top of the page. Under this option, a direct link to the current agenda does not need to be posted on the homepage; however, the agency is required to post a link to the platform containing the agenda information. Again, this link may not be hidden in a contextual menu. Currently, CCRRCSD has a website listed (facebook) and is therefore in compliance with either SB 929 or AB 2257. It is recommended that the District continue its website to remain in compliance with these requirements. CCRRCSD demonstrated accountability in its disclosure of information and cooperation with Calaveras LAFCo. The District readily responded to the questionnaires and cooperated with document requests. Planning and Management Practices The District consists of five Board Members. It does not have paid staff. There are also no volunteers, at this time. At present, CCRRCSD indicates it is not aware of any planning documents the District abides by beyond that of the County’s General Plan. At the time of this report, the District was still awaiting access to past financial records, so the current Board’s knowledge of previous financial management practices is minimal. The last known audit is believed to have occurred in 2018 and the most recent budgeting information is from FY19-20. Existing Demand and Growth Projections Land uses within the District are primarily for residential use. CCRRCSD 41 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Population There are 626 parcels within CCRRCSD and the District reports that the majority of the land is developed, residential property. The population of the District is currently unknown. Existing Demand Given the limited records the District currently possesses, the Board is not currently aware of anything that affects the demand for services within its boundaries. CCRRCSD believes the demand for road services has remained steady year-over-year, however. Projected Growth and Development The District has not identified any areas of potential development at this time, and has not yet been in a position to determine demand forecasts and its ability to meet future needs. Like other Districts in Calaveras County, slow growth is expected for the foreseeable future. The California Department of Finance projected approximately five percent growth in Calaveras County, as a whole, between 2015 and 2030. This translates to about 0.3 percent annual growth. Growth Strategies The District is not a land use authority, and does not hold primary responsibility for implementing growth strategies. The land use authority for unincorporated areas is the County. Financing There is information currently available about the District’s finances. CCRRCSD has stated it primarily obtains its revenues from direct assessments. No grants, traffic impact fees, funding or a need for capital expenditures, JPAs, debt, or reserve strategies currently exist for the District. Likewise, no financial challenges have been identified at this time. CCRRCSD stated a financial audit was likely last conducted in 2018 but any documents supporting recent audits or budget activity were not yet available to the District. Calaveras County FY 19-20 financial records for the CCRRCSD indicate that budget actuals for the District equated to $677,253 in revenue with $673,906 in reported expenses. A balance sheet summary showed that there is $18,980.13 in cash assets with $17,350.30 in a fund that is undesignated/unreserved. As of August 11, 2022 the district had cash assets of $686,557. The district’s income as of June 30, 2022 is 199, 949.15 most of which is received from Direct Assessment Charges. The District’s ability to maintain adequate services based on its current financial situation or with reduced revenues still needs to be assessed. CCRRCSD 42 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW ROAD SERVICES Service Overview CCRRCSD does not have staff or equipment to provide road maintenance services. The District also does not have current contracts to be able to deliver services at this time. The district contracts out for these services when needed Facilities and Capacity As of 2022, CCRRCSD reportedly had 626 parcels over roughly 1,424 acres of land and 16 miles of roads to service. The District does not own or share any facilities or equipment for road maintenance. There are no signalized intersections within the District. Infrastructure Needs Due to the recent establishment of an entirely new CCRRCSD Board, any needs of the District still need to be assessed. Challenges The obvious struggle for CCRRCSD is having an entirely new Board of Directors with no institutional knowledge of the practices that were previously in place to inform them about the current status of the District as a whole. CCRRCSDs lack of complete records has also delayed the Board’s ability to move forward quickly without data to inform the decisions that need to be made regarding subjects like finances/spending, maintenance prioritization, staffing, and governance structure, to start. Combined, these issues are especially challenging for a new Board that must learn their roles and information about CCRRCSD while simultaneously addressing the District’s existing issues and need for services. Additionally, ensuring roles are staffed reliably has been a hindrance during the transition to a new Board of Directors. In July 2022 LAFCo forwarded a copy of the Certificate of Completion including Resolution 83-10 (Jan 16, 1984) ordering the Formation of the District as well as the formation staff report prepared by LAFCo staff dated October 1983 was transmitted to the district. Service Adequacy This section reviews indicators of road service adequacy, including, condition of roadways, deferred maintenance, and congestion. CCRRCSD 43 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW The condition of street pavement is typically evaluated by local agencies using a Pavement Management System (PMS), which regularly evaluates pavement condition and establishes a cost-effective maintenance strategy. Each segment of pavement is rated for distress (i.e., cracks and potholes) and the extent and severity of distress. Having an up-to-date PMS allows the local agency to quickly and efficiently gauge road maintenance needs and efficiently allocate resources. The life cycle of pavement in good condition can be extended through preventative maintenance by applying a thin layer of asphalt mixture, better known as slurry sealing or seal-coating. When pavement is in fair condition—with moderate potholes and cracks—it can be treated with one- to two-inch thick overlays. Pavement with minor structural distress—with significant cracks—often requires rehabilitation, involving grinding of portions of the existing street and application of a thick overlay. Pavement with major structural distress—with extensive cracks—often requires reconstruction involving removal and replacement of the street segment. Pavement management studies have shown that it is more cost effective to maintain pavement in good condition over its useful life than to let it deteriorate to the point that it requires a major overlay or reconstruction. Deferring maintenance can increase long-term maintenance costs as much as four times greater than a consistent preventative maintenance strategy, according to the Transportation Research Board. Street reconstruction is typically needed once asphalt is 20-35 years old, with the asphalt lifespan depending on the use of preventative maintenance efforts. Furthermore, traffic congestion is measured based on the daily number of vehicle hours of delay due to congestion. Historically, Level of Service (LOS) analysis has relied upon a conventional perspective of the primary use of public streets by motor vehicles rather than considering all modes of travel, including public transportation, bicycling and walking. LOS on streets and highways is rated on a scale of A-F, where “A” is the best rating and “F” the worst. LOS “E” means significant delays, unstable traffic flow, and rapidly fluctuating speeds and flow rates; LOS “F” means considerable delay with forced traffic flow and speeds dropping to zero. Calaveras County has an adopted minimum standard of LOS C; however, this standard is not applicable to the CSD’s roads. Unfortunately, very little is known about the state of the District’s roads, systems, and what repairs are in need of prioritization at this juncture. CCRRCSD did state, however, that there are no known areas of congestion within the District and that no sections of road were repaved in 2020. CCRRCSD 44 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW COOPER COVE ROCKY ROAD COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS Growth and Population Projections v The District covers 2.2 miles of land with 626 parcels that are mostly for residential use. v Slow growth is anticipated within the District in terms of population and service demand for the foreseeable future. v The District has not had access to records to determine the likelihood of future development. v When the District receives all of its files, the Board should review its current boundaries and SOI and identify potential opportunities for development. The Location and Characteristics of Disadvantaged Unincorporated Communities Within or Contiguous to the Agency’s SOI v Based on the Department of Water Resources disadvantaged communities mapping tool, there are no disadvantaged unincorporated community within or adjacent to the District. Present and Planned Capacity of Public Facilities and Adequacy of Public Services, Including Infrastructure Needs and Deficiencies v The District provides road maintenance services across approximately 16 miles of roads within its boundaries. v Because the District does not have information about the status of its 16 miles of roads and does not currently have a pavement management system (PMS), it is recommended that a PMS be enacted as finances permit to allow for proper prioritization of needs. v With no staff and no volunteers, it would benefit CCRRCSD to immediately begin encouraging volunteers to join in the efforts of the District, as this appears to be its primary capacity limitation. This could inspire a sense of pride and belonging in district work while also setting the stage for potential replacements in case a vacancy on the Board needs to be filled. Financial Ability of Agencies to Provide Services v The new District Board has minimal information about its financial condition. Assessing the District’s overall fiscal health should be a priority for CCRRCSD once it receives the appropriate files and documents. This should include establishing an annual budget and a routine schedule for audits, identifying a reserve policy, contracting with a local provider to provide road maintenance services, and determining if any needed repairs can immediately be afforded to ensure they are passable and safe. Any infrastructure needs can then be prioritized as necessary. CCRRCSD 45 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Status of, and Opportunities for, Shared Facilities v The District has no facilities, no equipment and does not partake in any shared facility practices. Accountability for Community Service Needs, Including Governmental Structure and Operational Efficiencies v The District has recently experienced complete disruption with the resignation of its entire Board of Directors. The current five-member board was appointed and is in the process of reestablishing a governance structure, policies, and procedures. v The Board has been in contact with the County for guidance on how to proceed with setting up policies and procedures to conduct district business appropriately and adequately. v The District has a website (facebook) and is, therefore, is currently complying with legislative mandates. Once the District determines its financial position, a website is used to align with AB 2257 and SB 929 but also used to enhance transparency with district constituents regarding the present status of the District, who the District contact is and how to be in touch, and procedures and policies. v The Board is working with the County to learn the necessary steps to reestablish itself. By the end of 2022, the Board should assess its progress and determine if more time or more resources are needed to make improvements throughout the District. In the meantime, designing a governance structure should be a priority. In order to comply with State requirements for CSDs, the District will eventually need to seat two additional board members. v It is strongly suggested that the current Board invest time over the next year to examine the pitfalls that led to the District’s current situation. It is also recommended that a process be instated for the proper handling and storage of important district documents to ensure the next governing body is not inhibited by a lack of information and access to records. This could include not having records stored at any one person’s personal property. Keeping copies of vital records in a second location or storing documents digitally/on a website. CCRRCSD 46 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW 6. LYNN PARK ACRES COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT Lynn Park Acres Community Services District (LPACSD) provides road maintenance services within its District. The latest MSR for the District was completed in 2006. AGENCY OVERVIEW Background The Lynn Park Acres CSD (LPACSD) was formed in 1983 for the purpose of providing road maintenance services. There have been no changes to services the District provides. The principal act that governs the District is the State of California Community Services District Law.6 CSDs may potentially provide a wide array of services, including water supply, wastewater, solid waste, police and fire protection, street lighting and landscaping, airport, recreation and parks, mosquito abatement, library services; street maintenance and drainage services, ambulance service, utility undergrounding, transportation, abate graffiti, flood protection, weed abatement, hydroelectric power, among various other services. CSDs are required to gain LAFCo approval to provide those services permitted by the principal act but not performed by the end of 2005 (i.e., latent powers). Boundaries The District’s boundaries are set on 4,139 acres which covers 6.5 miles and contains 195 parcels. LPACSD is located outside of West Point. LPACSD is situated south of Middle River CSD and north of Three Cent Flat CSD. The District reported no history of boundary changes. Sphere of Influence The District’s boundaries and current Sphere of Influence are coterminous. LPACSD’s SOI was last updated in 2006 when it was reconfirmed as coterminous. The District indicated that it has no interest in adjusting its SOI at this time. 6 Government Code §61000-61226.5. LPACSD 47 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Figure 5-1: Lynn Park Acres Community Services District Boundaries and SOI Range 13 East Y T 03 02 01 JURS RD Bear Creek PARSONS LN ·|}þ 26 BARNEY WY 10 11 12 TIMBER LN FAY ST BARBARA LN LAMBERT LN CHARLES ST CONIFER M L id N dle Fork Mokelumne River BARNEY WY DOROTHY WY PATRICIA WY SANDY GULCH RD JUNE AV ASSOCIATED OFFICE RD RAILROAD FLAT RD N BLAGEN BV W ^` ilseyville LYNN BV BLIZZARD MINE RD DOLLY LN BRADY LN TREE LN HEWETT LN 15 14 DAVIMAN RD 13 PAUL RD BLUE MOUNTAIN RD y Lynn Park Acres CSD Highways 4 L E Parcels G Roads E ^` N Towns D Waterbodies 0 330 660 1,320Feet Calaveras County LPACSD 48 htroN 6 pihsnwoT Calaveras LAFCo Lynn Park Acres CSD Lynn Park Acres CSD Lynn Park Acres CSD Sphere of Influence Map Created 11/1/2015 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Accountability and Governance The LPACSD is governed by an elected, five-member Board of Directors for both two- and four- year terms. Board meetings typically take place at the downtown benefit club. It is unclear how often and when meetings are held. Additionally, it is unknown if the District is meeting Brown Act requirements for posting of agendas. Figure 5-2: Lynn Park Acres CSD Governing Body Lynn Park Acres Governing Body Name Position Term Ends Eldie Bartlett Chair 12/05/2024 Members Jared Woolston Vice Chair 12/05/2024 Shirley Fulgham Director 12/01/22 Dwayne Kyle Director 12/01/22 Linda Hartman Director 12/05.2024 Manner of Selection Elected or Appointed to vacancy Length of Term 2 and 4 years First Weds at the West Point Meetings Benefit Club Feb, May, Aug and November Agenda Distribution It is not Minutes Distribution Not distributed Contact Contact Shirley Fulgham Mailing Address P.O. Box 179 Wilseyville, CA 95255 Phone 209 479-2730 Email/Website shirleyo@volcano.net Note: no candidates are on the Nov 8, 2022 Statewide Gen Election Candidate list The District reported it does not engage in any constituent outreach efforts. If a customer is dissatisfied with the District’s services, complaints are to be submitted via phone to the Board’s Chair. Complaints are not tracked; however, there have been no complaints received in the last two fiscal years. In 2018, the Special District Transparency Act (SB 929, Government Codes §6270.6 and §53087.8 ) was signed into law requiring special districts in California to have websites set up by January 1, 2020 in the name of transparency, as required by the Brown Act. The mandate indicates the site must clearly list the district’s contact information, agendas, minutes, budgets and financial statements, compensation reports, and other relevant public information and documents. There is an exemption to the law if the district’s governing body adopts a resolution by majority vote and provides detailed information regarding a hardship preventing the LPACSD 49 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW establishment or maintenance of a website. This resolution must be adopted annually over the duration of the hardship. Additionally, California’s AB 2257 (Government Code §54954.2), enacted in 2016, updated the Brown Act with new requirements governing the location, platform and methods by which an agenda must be accessible on the agency’s website for all meetings occurring on or after January 1, 2019. AB 2257 provides two options for compliance. Under the first option, an agency that maintains a website must post a direct link to the current agenda on its primary homepage. The link may not be placed in a “contextual menu,” such as a drop-down tab, that would require a user to perform an action to reveal the agenda link. Additionally, the agenda must be: (a) downloadable, indexable, and electronically searchable by common internet browsers; (b) platform independent and machine readable; and (c) available to the public, free of charge and without restrictions that might interfere with the reuse or redistribution of the agenda. Under the second option, an agency may implement an “integrated agenda management platform,” meaning a dedicated webpage that provides the necessary agenda information. The most current agenda must be located at the top of the page. Under this option, a direct link to the current agenda does not need to be posted on the homepage; however, the agency is required to post a link to the platform containing the agenda information. Again, this link may not be hidden in a contextual menu. Currently, LPACSD does not have a website listed and is therefore not in compliance with either SB 929 or AB 2257. It is recommended that the District consider developing a website to come into compliance with these requirements and enhance transparency to its constituents. LPACSD demonstrated accountability in its disclosure of information and cooperation with Calaveras LAFCo. The District responded to the questionnaires and cooperated with document requests. Planning and Management Practices The District consists of five directors and does not have any paid staff. The District reported that it utilizes five volunteers to provide services, and their workload is not tracked or evaluated. The District does not have a system in place to evaluate its own performance. Aside from the County’s General Plan, LPACSD does not adhere to any planning documents. The District’s financial management practices include audits every five years. The most recent, completed audit [Annual Financial Report] took place for the year ending June 30, 2021. The District does not maintain a capital improvement plan as needs are budgeted for annually. It is recommended that the District consider developing a multi-year capital improvement plan to aid in prioritization of funds over a longer period. Existing Demand and Growth Projections Land uses within the District are primarily residential across. Population LPACSD has 195 parcels on mostly developed land. The population within the District has remained steady, according to the District, although an exact number is not known. LPACSD 50 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Existing Demand LPACSD reported that there are no extraordinary circumstances that affect demand within the District and that current demand for services has remained the same. The District states it is able to meet or exceed demand for service. There have been no calls for service requests over the past two years. Projected Growth and Development The District anticipates slow growth to continue for the foreseeable future. The California Department of Finance projected approximately five percent growth in Calaveras County, as a whole, between 2015 and 2030. This translates to about 0.3 percent annual growth. Most of the District’s land is developed and there are no plans for undeveloped areas in the foreseeable future. LPACSD also indicates it has the capacity to meet demand for future growth as well. Growth Strategies The District is not a land use authority, and does not hold primary responsibility for implementing growth strategies. The land use authority for unincorporated areas such as LPACSD is Calaveras County. Financing LPACSD reported there are no challenges to financing and that it is capable of maintaining adequate services within the District currently and in the future. The primary revenue source for the District is a benefit assessment leveed on each property and the district receives a small amount of property taxes. The assessment was most recently raised in 2021 to $200 per year per developed lot. The fee is $150 assessment per year per undeveloped lot. LPACSD does not collect traffic impact fees. In FY 21-22, the District’s actual revenue was $14,968. Actual expenses totaled $8,693 in the same year. For the year ending June 30, 2022 the district’s expenses were $14,914.57. The District has no operating expenses and that most all funds are used for capital expenditures. The District had $12,451 in cash assets at the end of FY 20-21. As of June 30, 2022 the district had a fund balance of $21,144. The district does not have a reserve policy. LPACSD has no known long-term debt. LPACSD 51 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW ROAD SERVICES Service Overview LPACSD provides chip-sealing and paving road maintenance services within its boundaries only. These services are performed by district volunteers. Facilities and Capacity LPACSD has 195 parcels across 6.5 square miles of mostly developed residential land. There are 1.5 miles of chip-sealed roads for which the District is responsible. The District has no employees, no facilities, and no equipment. There are also no signalized intersections within LPACSD. LPACSD utilizes five volunteers to help fulfill district service needs. The District reports it has sufficient capacity to provide adequate road maintenance based on current tax revenue and staffing. Infrastructure Needs Sealing of the District’s roads has not been completed in recent years and no repair needs have been reported. Infrastructure needs are budgeted for and addressed on annual basis. The District indicated there is currently no need for additional facilities or equipment. Challenges The primary challenge the District faces is accelerated wear and tear on the roads. The roads experience these issues throughout the year due to inclement weather, as well as damage from Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) trucks and tree trimming trucks that are sent by PG&E. These repairs are addressed as they arise. Service Adequacy This section reviews indicators of road service adequacy, including, condition of roadways, deferred maintenance, and congestion. The condition of street pavement is typically evaluated by local agencies using a Pavement Management System (PMS), which regularly evaluates pavement condition and establishes a cost-effective maintenance strategy. Each segment of pavement is rated for distress (i.e., cracks and potholes) and the extent and severity of distress. Having an up-to-date PMS allows the local agency to quickly and efficiently gauge road maintenance needs and efficiently allocate resources. LPACSD does not make use of PMS. LPACSD’s roads are reportedly kept in good condition as funding permits. LPACSD 52 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW The life cycle of pavement in good condition can be extended through preventative maintenance by applying a thin layer of asphalt mixture, better known as slurry sealing or seal-coating. When pavement is in fair condition—with moderate potholes and cracks—it can be treated with one- to two-inch thick overlays. Pavement with minor structural distress—with significant cracks—often requires rehabilitation, involving grinding of portions of the existing street and application of a thick overlay. Pavement with major structural distress—with extensive cracks—often requires reconstruction involving removal and replacement of the street segment. Pavement management studies have shown that it is more cost effective to maintain pavement in good condition over its useful life than to let it deteriorate to the point that it requires a major overlay or reconstruction. Deferring maintenance can increase long-term maintenance costs as much as four times greater than a consistent preventative maintenance strategy, according to the Transportation Research Board. Street reconstruction is typically needed once asphalt is 20-35 years old, with the asphalt lifespan depending on the use of preventative maintenance efforts. LPACSD prioritizes road repairs based on damage and does not use a PMS to make this determination. Traffic congestion is measured based on the daily number of vehicle hours of delay due to congestion. Historically, Level of Service (LOS) analysis has relied upon a conventional perspective of the primary use of public streets by motor vehicles rather than considering all modes of travel, including public transportation, bicycling and walking. LOS on streets and highways is rated on a scale of A-F, where “A” is the best rating and “F” the worst. LOS “E” means significant delays, unstable traffic flow, and rapidly fluctuating speeds and flow rates; LOS “F” means considerable delay with forced traffic flow and speeds dropping to zero. Calaveras County has an adopted minimum standard of LOS C; however, this standard is not applicable to the CSD’s roads. The District does not maintain any formal standards regarding traffic volumes on its roads. The District indicates that its road conditions meet adequate standards for safety and functionality. There are no areas of congestion reported and no maintenance has needed to be deferred. No sections of road were repaved in 2020. In 2022 the district spent $14,914.57 in services, which was slightly greater than the $14,917.00 received in Direct Assessment charges. The district as of June 30, 2022 has a cash balance of $752.82 LPACSD 53 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW LYNN PARK ACRES COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS Growth and Population Projections v LPACSD currently has 195 parcels across mostly developed land with residential structures. It maintains 1.5 miles of road. v The population within the District has remained steady in recent years. v There is no anticipated development indicated for the District. The Location and Characteristics of Disadvantaged Unincorporated Communities Within or Contiguous to the Agency’s SOI v Based on the Department of Water Resources disadvantaged communities mapping tool, there are two severely disadvantaged unincorporated community adjacent to the District. These DUCs are Rail Road Flat with a 2018 estimated population of 283 across 159 households with a median household income of $31,490, and West Point which, as of 2018, has an estimated population of 571 between 253 households with a median household income (MHI) of $31,307. Present and Planned Capacity of Public Facilities and Adequacy of Public Services, Including Infrastructure Needs and Deficiencies v The District has no employees, no facilities, and no equipment. It works with five volunteers to provide district road maintenance services. v The District reportedly has sufficient capacity to meet current demand and anticipates continuing to have sufficient capacity to maintain road work services into the future. v Sealing of the District’s roads has not been completed in recent years and no repair needs have been reported. Infrastructure needs are budgeted for and addressed on annual basis. v The primary challenge the District faces is accelerated wear and tear on the roads due to weather and heavy trucks and maintenance. These repairs are addressed as they arise. Financial Ability of Agencies to Provide Services v LPACSD depends entirely on a benefit assessment leveed on each property to fund its services. v Audits for the District are conducted every five years. The most recent audit [Annual financial report] was completed for the year ending June 30, 2022. v The District reports it has sufficient funding available to meet both current and future demand for services. LPACSD 54 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Status of, and Opportunities for, Shared Facilities v The District does not have employees or facilities, and it does not participate in any shared facility practices. Accountability for Community Service Needs, Including Governmental Structure and Operational Efficiencies v LPACSD uses an acceptable governance structure of five elected officials and meets routinely to discuss District matters. v The District does not practice outreach efforts. v The District does not maintain a website and is, therefore, not in compliance with California’s AB 2257 or SB 929. It is recommended that the District establish and maintain a website for LPACSD business. It should meet state requirements for transparency regarding agendas, and meeting minutes. An appropriate website would also allow for outreach efforts, including communications with its constituents. LPACSD 55 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW 7. MIDDLE RIVER COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT Middle River Community Services District (MRCSD) provides road maintenance services. The most recent MSR and SOI update for the MRCSD occurred in 2006. AGENCY OVERVIEW Background The Middle River CSD was formed in 1999 for the purpose of maintaining the roads in the community. The principal act that governs the District is the State of California Community Services District Law.7 CSDs may potentially provide a wide array of services, including water supply, wastewater, solid waste, police and fire protection, street lighting and landscaping, airport, recreation and parks, mosquito abatement, library services; street maintenance and drainage services, ambulance service, utility undergrounding, transportation, abate graffiti, flood protection, weed abatement, hydroelectric power, among various other services. CSDs are required to gain LAFCo approval to provide those services permitted by the principal act but not performed by the end of 2005 (i.e., latent powers).8 Boundaries MRCSD is located outside of West Point and encompasses 144 parcels consisting of approximately 275 acres. The District is north of, and adjacent to, Lynn Park Acres CSD. There have been no changes to the District’s boundaries since its formation. Sphere of Influence The District’s boundaries and current Sphere of Influence are coterminous. The District’s SOI was last updated in 2006 when it was reconfirmed as it previously existed.9 Extra-territorial Services MRCSD does not provide any services outside of its boundaries. Areas of Interest The District did not identify any areas of interest. 7 Government Code §61000-61226.5. 8 Government Code §61106. 9 LAFCo Resolution 2006-02. MRCSD 56 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Figure 6-1: Middle River Community Services District Boundaries and SOI Range 13 East PINE ST PALMER RD ^`West Point MAIN ST 03 BALD MOUNTAIN RD ACORN W Y 02 JURS RD 01 ·|}þ 26 Bear Creek PARSONS LN 10 11 12 TIMBER LN FAY ST BARBARA LN LAMBERT LN CHARLES ST CONIFER M L id N dle Fork Mokelumne River BARNEY WY DOROTHY WY PATRICIA WY SANDY GULCH RD JUNE AV ASSOCIATED OFFICE RD RAILROAD FLAT RD N BLAGEN BV ^`Wilseyville LYNN BV 15 14 BLIZZARD MINE RD DOLLY LN BRADY LN TREE LN HEWETT LN 13 DAVIMAN RD Calaveras County Highways 4 L E Parcels G Roads E ^` N Towns D Waterbodies 0 330 660 1,320Feet Middle River CSD MRCSD 57 htroN 6 pihsnwoT Calaveras LAFCo Middle River CSD Middle River CSD Middle River CSD Sphere of Influence Map Created 10/28/2015 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Accountability and Governance A five-member Board of Directors governs the District. Directors are typically elected and the County Board of Supervisors may appoint members as needed. MRCSD does not have policies regarding timing or rotation of board member positions. In order to ensure equity among the members, the District may consider a policy defining when board member positions will rotate. The Board typically meets four times a year on the first Saturday of the third month at 9 or 10 am. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the meetings have been held virtually on Zoom. Agendas are post in two locations 72 hours in advance of meetings as required by the Brown Act. Figure 6-2: Middle River CSD Governing Body Middle River CSD Governing Body Name Position Term Ends Anthony Lucero Director 2024 Members Clay Westlake Vice Chair 2024 James Carter Director 2022 Mackenzie E. Miller Director 2024 Robin Mary Heinrich Director 2025 Manner of Selection Elected or Appointed to vac Length of Term 4 years 4 times a year on the first Saturday of every third month at 9 or 10 am. Meetings In the past, meetings were held at the Veterans Hall in West Point. More recently, meetings have been held on Zoom. Agenda Distribution Posted at the post office and Barney Way on a bulletin board. Minutes Distribution Available upon request and as part of agenda packet. Contact Contact Anthony Lucero Mailing Address P.O. Box 1192 West Point, CA 95255 Phone (209)293-4718 Email/Website bigsalmontony@att.net Note: No candidates are listed on the November 8, 2022 Statewide General Election Candidate list MRCSD conducts outreach by emailing those residents with email addresses, which constitutes approximately 70-75 percent of the residents, to inform of upcoming meetings or other ongoings within the District. In 2018, the Special District Transparency Act (SB 929, Government Codes §6270.6 and §53087.8 ) was signed into law requiring special districts in California to have websites set up by January 1, 2020 in the name of transparency, as required by the Brown Act. The mandate indicates the site must clearly list the district’s contact information, agendas, minutes, budgets and financial statements, compensation reports, and other relevant public information and documents. There is an exemption to the law if the district’s governing body adopts a resolution by majority vote and provides detailed information regarding a hardship preventing the MRCSD 58 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW establishment or maintenance of a website. This resolution must be adopted annually over the duration of the hardship. Additionally, California’s AB 2257 (Government Code §54954.2), enacted in 2016, updated the Brown Act with new requirements governing the location, platform and methods by which an agenda must be accessible on the agency’s website for all meetings occurring on or after January 1, 2019. AB 2257 provides two options for compliance. Under the first option, an agency that maintains a website must post a direct link to the current agenda on its primary homepage. The link may not be placed in a “contextual menu,” such as a drop-down tab, that would require a user to perform an action to reveal the agenda link. Additionally, the agenda must be: (a) downloadable, indexable, and electronically searchable by common internet browsers; (b) platform independent and machine readable; and (c) available to the public, free of charge and without restrictions that might interfere with the reuse or redistribution of the agenda. Under the second option, an agency may implement an “integrated agenda management platform,” meaning a dedicated webpage that provides the necessary agenda information. The most current agenda must be located at the top of the page. Under this option, a direct link to the current agenda does not need to be posted on the homepage; however, the agency is required to post a link to the platform containing the agenda information. Again, this link may not be hidden in a contextual menu. Currently, MRCSD does not have a website listed and is therefore not in compliance with either SB 929 or AB 2257. While the District has considered establishing a website, none of the volunteers have the time and ability to develop and manage it; consequently, the District intends to adopt a resolution indicating hardship in order to come into compliance. When a resident has a complaint, it can be directed to any of the Board Members and will be discussed and considered at the regular meetings. Generally, the Director responsible for addressing the complaint to resolution will depend on the location of the complainant. According to MRCSD, in most years there are no complaints regarding the District’s services. Similar to many of the districts reviewed in this report, MRCSD relies entirely on volunteers and board members for operations and management making response to requests for information challenging. Throughout the process of this MSR, the Board struggled to respond in a timely manner to requests; however, ultimately, the information was provided. Planning and Management Practices MRCSD relies entirely on volunteers for its governing body and road maintenance services. The District does not have any paid staff, and instead relies on a volunteer Road Manager. The Road Manager functions as a General Manager and is in charge of procuring supplies for road maintenance projects. Additionally, projects are completed entirely by residents on a volunteer basis. For each project the Road Manager shops for supplies and presents estimates to the Board. The Board then authorizes a maximum budget amount. Local residents provide all necessary manpower to complete the project, including raking and operating of any machinery. All volunteers are required to sign a release to not hold the CSD liable in the event of an accident. As there are no staff, the agency does not conduct staff evaluations. However, the board members provide feedback to one another on an annual basis. The workload of the volunteers is not documented formally in a timesheet or other record. MRCSD 59 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW MRCSD does not formally evaluate the performance of the district agency wide; however, it does make an effort to meet the requests of the residents and reviews what has been completed in the past year during the annual budgeting process. The District reports that it aims to work within budgeted amounts. The District maintains minimal planning documents to guide its efforts. The District has adopted a set of Bylaws, but, similar to other districts its size, does not have a strategic plan or master plan. Financial reporting documents consist of an annual report to the State Controller’s Office and an annual budget; however, the District has not yet developed a budget for the current fiscal year. The District developed a budget for 2021-2022 the total revenue the district reported was $13.206.53 which comes from direct assessments and expended $13,198.97 in special department expense. As of June 30, 2022 the district had a fund balance of $661.95. Capital improvement needs are planned for on an annual basis in the budget. While special districts are required to complete regular audits of their financials, the District has never conducted one to date. It is recommended that the District begin the practice of completing formal audits at least every five years in order to come into compliance. Existing Demand and Growth Projections Land uses within the District are entirely residential. Population The District services 136 parcels of which 16 parcels are undeveloped and have no residences. Existing Demand Demand for road maintenance services is largely defined by the population in the community as the area is entirely residential. Additional demand is a result of heavy trucks and equipment occasionally making use of the roads for ancillary maintenance activities, in particular PG&E. In general, demand has been fairly constant with very little fluctuation over the last decade. However, road use is not formally tracked. Projected Growth and Development Future growth opportunities are limited within MRCSD’s boundaries as there are only 16 undeveloped parcels, of which 15 are developable. There are no imminent plans for development of these parcels as reported by the District. The District does not forecast future demand in a formal report, as the area is nearing build out. Given the minimal possible growth within the community, use of the subdivision’s roads are likely to experience little growth. Growth Strategies The District is not a land use authority, and does not hold primary responsibility for implementing growth strategies. The land use authority for unincorporated areas is the County. The District reported that the County does not inform the District of permit applications in the area. MRCSD 60 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Financing The District receives its revenue form an annual benefit assessment of $100 for improved parcels and $75 for unimproved parcels. Certain parcels are not charged because of the unlikely that they will be built upon. MRCSD indicated that its current financing levels are inadequate to meet all funding needs. Consequently, there are plans to increase the assessment to $200 for improved parcels and $150 for unimproved parcels. Based on the transaction statement from the County Auditor, the District had revenues of $13,189 in FY 19-20 and $13,208.48 for FY 21-22 , a majority of which was from the per parcel assessment, and the remainder from interest earnings. In FY 21-22, MRCSD had expenditures of $13,209 consisting primarily of services and supplies and a small payment to LAFCo. Expenses exceeded revenues by $0.52 in that year. The District does not have any debt and funds capital projects out of its annual budget and savings. At the end of FY 21-22, the District had a cash balance of $661.95, which is equivalent to five percent of annual expenses or less than a month of expenses. MRCSD 61 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW ROAD SERVICES Service Overview The District is responsible for maintenance on 4.5 miles of road way on Barney Way, Dorothy Way, Patricia Way, Fay Street, Barbara Lane, and Timber Lane. Maintenance activities include paving of unpaved areas, chip sealing of paved roads, spreading rock and filling holes on unpaved roads, and snow removal. Facilities and Capacity Of the District’s 4.5 miles of roadway, approximately 2.5 miles are paved and the remainder is rock. Barney way is entirely paved. Dorothy Way is approximately 95 percent paved, and Fay Street is partially paved by donation. The roads have not been formally evaluated as to condition; however, the District aims to address issues and needs as they arise. In 2021, all paved streets were chip sealed and are considered to be in good to excellent condition. Infrastructure Needs As the District recently chip sealed all of the paved roads within its boundaries, there are minimal infrastructure needs on existent pavement. However, the District aims to complete the remaining five percent of pavement on Dorothy Way. This project is estimated to cost approximately $7,000 to complete. There is no timeline for completion of this project at present. Challenges MRCSD indicated that its primary challenges were lack of financing, use of the roads by heavy equipment causing damage, and gaining resident support and involvement in district projects and management. The lack of homeowner involvement is particularly evident by the vacancies on the Board. Service Adequacy This section reviews indicators of road service adequacy, including, condition of roadways, deferred maintenance, and congestion. The condition of street pavement is typically evaluated by local agencies using a Pavement Management System (PMS), which regularly evaluates pavement condition and establishes a cost-effective maintenance strategy. Each segment of pavement is rated for distress (i.e., cracks and potholes) and the extent and severity of distress. Having an up-to-date PMS allows the local agency to quickly and efficiently gauge road maintenance needs and efficiently allocate resources. MRCSD does not make use of a PMS. The life cycle of pavement in good condition can be extended through preventative maintenance by applying a thin layer of asphalt mixture, better known as slurry sealing or seal-coating. When pavement is in fair condition—with moderate potholes and cracks—it can be treated with one- to MRCSD 62 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW two-inch thick overlays. Pavement with minor structural distress—with significant cracks—often requires rehabilitation, involving grinding of portions of the existing street and application of a thick overlay. Pavement with major structural distress—with extensive cracks—often requires reconstruction involving removal and replacement of the street segment. Pavement management studies have shown that it is more cost effective to maintain pavement in good condition over its useful life than to let it deteriorate to the point that it requires a major overlay or reconstruction. Deferring maintenance can increase long-term maintenance costs as much as four times greater than a consistent preventative maintenance strategy, according to the Transportation Research Board. Street reconstruction is typically needed once asphalt is 20-35 years old, with the asphalt lifespan depending on the use of preventative maintenance efforts. Traffic congestion is measured based on the daily number of vehicle hours of delay due to congestion. Historically, Level of Service (LOS) analysis has relied upon a conventional perspective of the primary use of public streets by motor vehicles rather than considering all modes of travel, including public transportation, bicycling and walking. LOS on streets and highways is rated on a scale of A-F, where “A” is the best rating and “F” the worst. LOS “E” means significant delays, unstable traffic flow, and rapidly fluctuating speeds and flow rates; LOS “F” means considerable delay with forced traffic flow and speeds dropping to zero. Calaveras County has an adopted minimum standard of LOS C; however, this standard is not applicable to the CSD’s roads. The District does not maintain any formal standards regarding traffic volumes on its roads. It has stated there are no issues with congestion that need to be addressed and also indicated its roads have not been rated. While the District has not formally reviewed or rated its roads, due to the small nature of the service area and residences served, it makes efforts annually to address the needs of the community. There are reportedly minimal existing road needs due to the recent chip sealing project. MRCSD 63 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW MIDDLE RIVER COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS Growth and Population Projections v Middle River CSD currently has 120 residential structures. v There has been very little change in the District’s population over the last 10 years. v Minimal growth is anticipated as the subdivision is nearing build out with only 15 developable parcels. There are no planned or proposed projects on the vacant lots. The Location and Characteristics of Disadvantaged Unincorporated Communities Within or Contiguous to the Agency’s SOI v Based on the Department of Water Resources disadvantaged communities mapping tool, there is one severely disadvantaged unincorporated community adjacent to the District. This DUC is the town of West Point which, as of 2018, has an estimated population of 571 between 253 households and a median household income (MHI) of $31,307. Present and Planned Capacity of Public Facilities and Adequacy of Public Services, Including Infrastructure Needs and Deficiencies v Demand for road maintenance services is largely defined by the population in the community as the area is entirely residential. Additional demand is a result of heavy trucks and equipment occasionally making use of the roads for ancillary maintenance activities. v Based on existing development levels and minimal space for additional growth, it appears that there is sufficient roadway capacity for existing and projected future demand. v MRCSD indicated that its primary challenges were lack of financing, use of the roads by heavy equipment causing damage, and gaining resident support and involvement in district projects and management. The lack of homeowner involvement is particularly evident by the vacancies on the Board. v While the District has not formally reviewed or rated its roads, due to the small nature of the service area and residences served, it makes efforts annually to address the needs of the community. There are reportedly minimal existing road needs due to the recent chip sealing project. Financial Ability of Agencies to Provide Services v The District receives its revenue form an annual benefit assessment of $100 for improved parcels and $75 for unimproved parcels. MRCSD indicated that its current financing levels are inadequate to meet all funding needs, and there are plans to increase the assessment. v The District’s revenues are minimal and appear to barely meet supply expenses for volunteer-run capital projects. There is a need for additional funds should the District desire to enhance services and increase capital improvements. MRCSD 64 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Status of, and Opportunities for, Shared Facilities v The District does not practice facility sharing. No opportunities for future facility sharing were identified. Accountability for Community Service Needs, Including Governmental Structure and Operational Efficiencies v MRCSD demonstrated partial accountability in its disclosure of information and cooperation with Calaveras LAFCo. While multiple requests were made for information over a long period; ultimately, the requested information was provided and the District participated in an interview. v Currently, MRCSD does not have a website listed and is therefore not in compliance with either SB 929 or AB 2257. While the District has considered establishing a website, none of the volunteers have the time and ability to develop and manage it; consequently, the District intends to adopt a resolution indicating hardship in order to come into compliance. v Given MRCSD’s challenges to increase resident engagement and volunteerism, maintain a full board, and fully fund capital needs, a potential governance option may be to transition the CSD into a county service area, which is a dependent special district of the County. MRCSD 65 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW 8. MOUNTAIN RANCH SUBDIVISION COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT Mountain Ranch Subdivision Community Services District (MRSCSD) provides road maintenance services within its boundaries. It was formed in 1994 and is located outside of San Andreas. The most recent MSR for the District was completed in 2006. AGENCY OVERVIEW Background MRSCSD was formed in 1994 for the purpose of road maintenance services. The principal act that governs the District is the State of California Community Services District Law.10 CSDs may potentially provide a wide array of services, including water supply, wastewater, solid waste, police and fire protection, street lighting and landscaping, airport, recreation and parks, mosquito abatement, library services; street maintenance and drainage services, ambulance service, utility undergrounding, transportation, abate graffiti, flood protection, weed abatement, hydroelectric power, among various other services. CSDs are required to gain LAFCo approval to provide those services permitted by the principal act but not performed by the end of 2005 (i.e., latent powers).11 Boundaries The District is located outside of San Andreas in Calaveras County. There have been no boundary changes since the last MSR. The closest CSDs to MRSCSD are Three Cent Flat to the north, Circle XX to the south, and Wallace to the west. The total current boundary area consists of 40 parcels or 0.32 square miles. Sphere of Influence The District’s boundaries and Sphere of Influence are presently coterminous. MRSCSD’s SOI was most recently updated when it was reconfirmed as coterminous in 2006. 10 Government Code §61000-61226.5. 11 Government Code §61106. MRSCSD 66 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Figure 7-1: Mountain Ranch Subdivision Community Services District Boundaries and SOI Calaveras LAFCo Mountain Ranch Subdivision CSD Range 12 East WEST MURRAY CREEK RD 16 WEST MURRAY CREEK RD SAINT ANDREWS WY 15 M ILLS CT HUBBERTY CT GOLD HUNTER RD San Andreas Creek WINDMILL CR M ILLS AV CROATAN CT 21 WIMBELDON DR MOUNTAIN RANCH RD 22 OAK PARK DR E Calaveras County Highways 4 L E Parcels G Roads E ^` N Towns D 0 330 660 1,320Feet Mountain Ranch Waterbodies Subdivision CSD Map Created 11/1/2015 MRSCSD 67 htroN 4 pihsnwoT Mountain Ranch Subdivision CSD Mountain Ranch Subdivision CSD Sphere of Influence CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Accountability and Governance Based on previously reported information, MRSCSD is governed by a five-member Board of Directors who are elected at large to four-year terms. If a vacancy occurs mid-term, the Board of Directors may appoint a director. If the Board wishes to appoint a new member, they must appoint someone within 60 days of either being notified of the vacancy or the effective date of the vacancy, whichever date comes later. At least 15 days prior to the appointment, the remaining Board members need to make sure the public has been properly notified of the vacancy by posting a notice in three or more conspicuous places in the District. Once the appointment has been made, the district must notify the county elections official within 15 days of the appointment. The Directors meet quarterly on the second Monday of November, February, May, and August at the Law Office of Airola & Airola at 550 E. St. Charles Street, San Andreas, CA 95249, which is considered to be the District’s business office. Meeting agendas are distributed by the U.S. mail and by email. Meeting minutes are disseminated in the same manner. Constituents are apprised of the District’s activities through an annual newsletter sent through U.S. mail. The accuracy of this data is unknown as the District did not provide updated information. Figure 7-2: Mountain Ranch Subdivision CSD Governing Body Mountain Ranch Subdivision Governing Body Name Position Term Ends Tony Masselas Director 2024 Members Chester Eschen Director 2024 Patricia James* Director 2022 Catherine Brady-Brown* Director 2022 James Lamb* Director/Treas 2022 Manner of Selection Elected and Appointed in lieu Length of Term 4 years Held quarterly on the second Monday of November, February, May, and Meetings August at the Airola Law Office in San Andreas. Agenda Distribution Via U.S. mail and email Minutes Distribution Via U.S. mail and email Contact Contact Ken Airola, Secretary Mailing Address P.O. Box 1513 San Andreas, CA 95249 Phone 209-754-3262 Email/Website airolalaw@yahoo.com *On the November 8, 2022 Statewide General Election candidate list The District provided no current information regarding how complaints are handled. In 2018, the Special District Transparency Act (SB 929, Government Codes §6270.6 and §53087.8 ) was signed into law requiring special districts in California to have websites set up by January 1, 2020 in the name of transparency, as required by the Brown Act. The mandate MRSCSD 68 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW indicates the site must clearly list the district’s contact information, agendas, minutes, budgets and financial statements, compensation reports, and other relevant public information and documents. There is an exemption to the law if the district’s governing body adopts a resolution by majority vote and provides detailed information regarding a hardship preventing the establishment or maintenance of a website. This resolution must be adopted annually over the duration of the hardship. Additionally, California’s AB 2257 (Government Code §54954.2), enacted in 2016, updated the Brown Act with new requirements governing the location, platform and methods by which an agenda must be accessible on the agency’s website for all meetings occurring on or after January 1, 2019. AB 2257 provides two options for compliance. Under the first option, an agency that maintains a website must post a direct link to the current agenda on its primary homepage. The link may not be placed in a “contextual menu,” such as a drop-down tab, that would require a user to perform an action to reveal the agenda link. Additionally, the agenda must be: (a) downloadable, indexable, and electronically searchable by common internet browsers; (b) platform independent and machine readable; and (c) available to the public, free of charge and without restrictions that might interfere with the reuse or redistribution of the agenda. Under the second option, an agency may implement an “integrated agenda management platform,” meaning a dedicated webpage that provides the necessary agenda information. The most current agenda must be located at the top of the page. Under this option, a direct link to the current agenda does not need to be posted on the homepage; however, the agency is required to post a link to the platform containing the agenda information. Again, this link may not be hidden in a contextual menu. Currently, MRSCSD does not have a website listed and is therefore not in compliance with either SB 929 or AB 2257. It is recommended that the District establish a website to enhance transparency. There are no known outreach efforts performed by the District at this time. Over the course of several months and multiple requests for information, MRSCSD did not respond to inquiries and failed to provide documents in cooperation with Calaveras LAFCo and this MSR process. Planning and Management Practices Current planning and management practices are unknown. According to previous reviews, MRSCSD has no paid employees. The District’s manager, Board President, Vice President, Secretary, and Treasurer serve as volunteers on a part-time basis. Staff workload, therefore, is not tracked and employee evaluations are not performed. The District similarly does not formally evaluate its own agency performance. The District’s financial planning efforts include an annually adopted budget and audited financial statements. Until recently, MRSCSD has not been preparing audited financial statements; the first financial audit occurred in FY 15-16. The District has no capital improvement plan (CIP) nor a list of proposed capital improvements. Existing Demand and Growth Projections Designated land uses within MRSCSD are primarily residential. MRSCSD 69 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Population Of its 40 lots, the majority are on developed land and intended for residential use within the District. The estimated population in MRSCSD is not known. Existing Demand It was previously reported by the District that growth patterns generally increase as undeveloped lots within its boundaries are improved. The demand for road maintenance services has remained fairly constant in recent years. Projected Growth and Development In 2015 MRSCSD reported that it anticipated growth to occur only if the undeveloped lots were developed. It was expected that two lots would be developed within a few years, while the rest would be improved by the end of the next 10 years (2025). It is unclear if this came to fruition or if there is any potential for future development. The California Department of Finance projected approximately five percent growth in Calaveras County, as a whole, between 2015 and 2030, which translates into about 0.3 percent annual growth. Growth Strategies The District is not a land use authority, and does not hold primary responsibility for implementing growth strategies. The land use authority for unincorporated areas is Calaveras County. Financing The District did not provide current financial data or documents. In 2015, the District reported that its financing level was adequate. The Mountain Ranch Road CSD is the only Road CSD where financials are not handled by Calaveras County. There were, however, financial limitations reported at that time. While MRSCSD had limited revenue the cost of maintenance of its roads was increasing particularly due to the large amount of public use of Mills Avenue as a connector road to West Murray Creek Road. Although the District did not provide updated information, it is likely that this challenge continues to be an issue in light of continued cost increases reported by other districts. The District did not provide current financial reports, and as such revenue sources and expenses are unknown at this time. The District does not collect any traffic impact fees. Traffic impact fees are levied by the County of Calaveras, and MRSCSD does not receive a share of this revenue. The District does not maintain any account considered a financial reserve and has no policy regarding financial reserves. MRSCSD maintains a minimum balance in the bank to finance immediate or emergency road repairs, however, that amount is unknown. The District did not supply any financial information other than to state that an annual user fee is issued to each lot within the District’s boundaries for road maintenance expenses. MRSCSD 70 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW ROAD SERVICES Service Overview Road maintenance is provided on an as-needed basis by contractors. Historically, parts of the roadway system have been resurfaced (chip sealed) each year. None of the streets within the District are swept. The District does not provide services outside of its boundaries. Facilities and Capacity The sole function of the District is to provide road maintenance to Mills Avenue, Windmill Circle, and four internal roads ending with cul-de-sacs. The District has not provided updated information relating to facilities and capacity. Based on the 2006 MSR, MRSCSD is responsible for 1.5 miles of its rural roads. The District’s roads are in fair to good condition with a chip seal between 16 to18 inches wide. There are no signalized intersections or bridges within the District. As of 2015, there was sufficient capacity to provide services as reported by the District. There are no areas where the District finds it difficult or challenging to provide adequate levels of service. Currently there are no known facility sharing or collaborative practices. The District believes, however, that Calaveras County should contribute to the cost of maintaining Mills Avenue as it is used by a large number of non-lot owners to gain access to their homes and businesses on West Murray Creek Road. The District has no employees or facilities. Contractors generally perform road maintenance. MRSCSD owns a weed sprayer, which any lot owner has access to. Infrastructure Needs The District did not provide updated information. Its current infrastructure needs are unknown. Challenges The District did not provide any information regarding existing challenges; however, it is assumed that the District’s limited budget combined with rising costs continues to be an issue similar to other CSDs reviewed here. Service Adequacy This section reviews indicators of road service adequacy, including, condition of roadways, deferred maintenance, and congestion. The District did not provide updated information and what is reported is outdated. The condition of street pavement is typically evaluated by local agencies using a Pavement Management System (PMS), which regularly evaluates pavement condition and establishes a cost-effective maintenance strategy. Each segment of pavement is rated for distress (i.e., cracks MRSCSD 71 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW and potholes) and the extent and severity of distress. Having an up-to-date PMS allows the local agency to quickly and efficiently gauge road maintenance needs and efficiently allocate resources. As was already mentioned, MRSCSD does not make use of PMS. Road condition is evaluated at quarterly Board meetings; roads are generally kept in fair to good condition. The life cycle of pavement in good condition can be extended through preventative maintenance by applying a thin layer of asphalt mixture, better known as slurry sealing or seal-coating. When pavement is in fair condition—with moderate potholes and cracks—it can be treated with one- to two-inch thick overlays. Pavement with minor structural distress—with significant cracks—often requires rehabilitation, involving grinding of portions of the existing street and application of a thick overlay. Pavement with major structural distress—with extensive cracks—often requires reconstruction involving removal and replacement of the street segment. Pavement management studies have shown that it is more cost effective to maintain pavement in good condition over its useful life than to let it deteriorate to the point that it requires a major overlay or reconstruction. Deferring maintenance can increase long-term maintenance costs as much as four times greater than a consistent preventative maintenance strategy, according to the Transportation Research Board. Street reconstruction is typically needed once asphalt is 20-35 years old, with the asphalt lifespan depending on the use of preventative maintenance efforts. In 2015, the District reported that chip sealing on select sections of the District’s roadway system is performed annually. MRSCSD focuses on road rehabilitation as a form of preventative maintenance. Traffic congestion is measured based on the daily number of vehicle hours of delay due to congestion. Historically, Level of Service (LOS) analysis has relied upon a conventional perspective of the primary use of public streets by motor vehicles rather than considering all modes of travel, including public transportation, bicycling and walking. LOS on streets and highways is rated on a scale of A-F, where “A” is the best rating and “F” the worst. LOS “E” means significant delays, unstable traffic flow, and rapidly fluctuating speeds and flow rates; LOS “F” means considerable delay with forced traffic flow and speeds dropping to zero. Calaveras County has an adopted minimum standard of LOS C; however, this standard is not applicable to the CSD’s roads. The District does not regulate traffic volumes or set any standards. MRSCSD 72 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW MOUNTAIN RANCH SUBDIVISION COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS Growth and Population Projections v Mountain Ranch Subdivision CSD currently has 40 parcels, most of which are for residential use on developed land. The Location and Characteristics of Disadvantaged Unincorporated Communities Within or Contiguous to the Agency’s SOI v Based on the Department of Water Resources disadvantaged communities mapping tool, there one severely disadvantaged unincorporated community within the District. This DUC is the town of San Andreas which, as of 2018, has an estimated population of 3,085 between 975 households and a median household income (MHI) of $37,917. Present and Planned Capacity of Public Facilities and Adequacy of Public Services, Including Infrastructure Needs and Deficiencies v Current capacity, facilities, and infrastructure needs and deficiencies are unknown. v Based on previous reports, it is assumed that the roadways continue to have sufficient capacity to service existing demand and any minimal growth that may be anticipated in the future. v The adequacy of the services provided by MRSCSD is unclear. The District lacked transparency throughout the MSR process and did not report the status of its services and the needs of its roadways. Financial Ability of Agencies to Provide Services v The District did not provide current financial statements to be able to assess its ability to provide services. Similarly, the District did not provide financial information in the 2006 MSR. The County does not have financial records for this CSD. It is apparent that the CSD lacks financial transparency. It is recommended that the District make readily available all financial records. Status of, and Opportunities for, Shared Facilities v The District has no known shared facilities or equipment. Accountability for Community Service Needs, Including Governmental Structure and Operational Efficiencies v Based on previous reports, the District has an acceptable and appropriate governance structure. However, updates need to be provided regarding a current list of Board Members, the expiration of terms, and meeting details. If there are not enough members MRSCSD 73 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW presently on the Board, that will need to be addressed to be in compliance with state mandates dictating five-member Boards are maintained. v The District does not have a website and is, therefore, not in compliance with state legislative mandates AB 2257 and SB 929. It is recommended that the District establish and maintain a legally required website, following the guidelines for transparency with District agendas and meeting minutes. v The District did not cooperate with LAFCo requests for information and documents. This is the second MSR for which financial information was not provided. If the District is unwilling or unable to comply with state mandated reviews, it is recommended that the District transition to a county service area (CSA) which will have the resources available to follow required legislative requirements. MRSCSD 74 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW 9. THREE CENT FLAT COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT Three Cent Flat Community Services District (TCFCSD) provides road maintenance services. AGENCY OVERVIEW Background The Three Cent Flat Community Services District was formed in 1984 as a way to provide road maintenance services and access to the subdivision and its neighboring parcels. The services the District provides have not changed since its formation. The principal act that governs the District is the State of California Community Services District Law.12 CSDs may potentially provide a wide array of services, including water supply, wastewater, solid waste, police and fire protection, street lighting and landscaping, airport, recreation and parks, mosquito abatement, library services; street maintenance and drainage services, ambulance service, utility undergrounding, transportation, abate graffiti, flood protection, weed abatement, hydroelectric power, among various other services. CSDs are required to gain LAFCo approval to provide those services permitted by the principal act but not performed by the end of 2005 (i.e., latent powers). Boundaries The District is located near Glencoe in north central Calaveras County. The two closest CSDs to TCFCSD are Middle River and Lynn Park Acres, both to the northeast. The total current boundary area consists of 0.18 square miles or approximately 116 acres. There have been no reported boundary changes since formation. Sphere of Influence The District’s boundaries and current Sphere of Influence are coterminous. In 1984, the District adopted an Ordinance addressing various aspects of TCFCSDs operation including annexation. The Ordinance states that any parcel served by the District’s roads, but lying outside the District, shall apply for annexation to the District. Thus far, there have been no reported changes to TCFCSD’s SOI, and it has not identified any areas it is interested in annexing into the District. 12 Government Code §61000-61226.5. TCFCSD 75 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Figure 8-1: Three Cent Flat Community Services District Boundaries and SOI Range 13 East VALENTINE GULCH RD ·|þ} 26 19 20 FLYING DOVE LN EALEY RD ^`Glencoe ZEDER W PINTA RD Y ·|þ} 26 30 LOOP RD 29 BOURBON HEIGHTS THREE CENT FLAT RD PANHANDLE BLACKBERRY DRAW RD Calaveras County Highways 4 L E Parcels G Roads E ^` N Towns D 0 330 660 1,320Feet Waterbodies Three Cent Flat CSD TCFCSD 76 htroN 6 pihsnwoT Calaveras LAFCo Three Cent Flat CSD Three Cent Flat CSD Three Cent Flat CSD Sphere of Influence Map Created 10/28/2015 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Accountability and Governance TCFCSD is governed by an elected five-member board, which is required by California SB 135, Government Codes §61040 and §61041. However, the District reports it only has one Director at present and four vacancies. Meetings are held on an as needed basis every three or four years. The location, date, and time of the meetings is unknown. It is also unknown if the District meets the Brown Act agenda posting requirements. Figure 8-2: Three Cent Flat CSD Governing Body Three Cent Flat CSD Governing Body Name Position Term Ends Patrick McGreevy Director 12/01/2022 Members Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Manner of Selection Elected Length of Term 4 years Meetings As needed every 3-4 years Agenda Distribution Unknown Minutes Distribution Unknown Contact Contact Patrick McGreevy Mailing Address N/A Phone 209-293-2191 Email/Website Mcgreevy@volcano.net Note: No candidates are on the November 8, 2022 Statewide General Election Candidate list The District states it does not partake in any constituent outreach efforts. If a customer is dissatisfied with the District’s services, his or her concerns are taken via phone call by the Board’s Director. Individual calls are not tracked and it is unknown how many complaints have been received throughout the last two fiscal years; however, the District states the majority of issues relate to a need for adding gravel or repairing drainage on access roads as well as removing trees blocking district roads. In 2018, the Special District Transparency Act (SB 929, Government Codes §6270.6 and §53087.8 ) was signed into law requiring special districts in California to have websites set up by January 1, 2020 in the name of transparency, as required by the Brown Act. The mandate indicates the site must clearly list the district’s contact information, agendas, minutes, budgets and financial statements, compensation reports, and other relevant public information and documents. There is an exemption to the law if the district’s governing body adopts a resolution by majority vote and provides detailed information regarding a hardship preventing the TCFCSD 77 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW establishment or maintenance of a website. This resolution must be adopted annually over the duration of the hardship. Additionally, California’s AB 2257 (Government Code §54954.2), enacted in 2016, updated the Brown Act with new requirements governing the location, platform and methods by which an agenda must be accessible on the agency’s website for all meetings occurring on or after January 1, 2019. AB 2257 provides two options for compliance. Under the first option, an agency that maintains a website must post a direct link to the current agenda on its primary homepage. The link may not be placed in a “contextual menu,” such as a drop-down tab, that would require a user to perform an action to reveal the agenda link. Additionally, the agenda must be: (a) downloadable, indexable, and electronically searchable by common internet browsers; (b) platform independent and machine readable; and (c) available to the public, free of charge and without restrictions that might interfere with the reuse or redistribution of the agenda. Under the second option, an agency may implement an “integrated agenda management platform,” meaning a dedicated webpage that provides the necessary agenda information. The most current agenda must be located at the top of the page. Under this option, a direct link to the current agenda does not need to be posted on the homepage; however, the agency is required to post a link to the platform containing the agenda information. Again, this link may not be hidden in a contextual menu. Currently, TCFCSD does not have a website listed and is therefore not in compliance with either SB 929 or AB 2257. It is recommended that the District establish a website in the interest of garnering public interest in sitting on the Board and participation in district activities. TCFCSD was accountable in its disclosure of information to the Calaveras LAFCo. Planning and Management Practices TCFCSD does not have any paid staff and the Board’s current director is the only reported volunteer for the District. The District also does not contract out for its services and does not provide services outside of its boundaries. Therefore, there are no staff evaluations and similarly, the District does not evaluate its own performance. Aside from abiding by the County’s General Plan, the District does not adhere to any planning documents such as capital improvement plans, master plans or strategic plans. TCFCSD compiles an annual budget, however, the District has never participated in any financial audits. Regular financial audits of special districts are required by state law. It is recommended that the District initiate regular audits every five years to come into compliance with this requirement. The District’s policy is to have two directors to be able to sign checks for expenditures. Given the lack of other board members, the District is unable to meet this policy and pay for supplies etc. Existing Demand and Growth Projections Designated land uses within TCFCSD are primarily residential. The land within TCFCSD is partially developed. TCFCSD 78 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Population There are 32 parcels within the District. The population of the district is listed as 16 residents and has remained steady over time. Existing Demand Nothing has been identified by the District that impacts demand for road maintenance services within its boundaries. The District indicates that demand for services has remained constant and that it is capable of meeting the existing demand. Finances for the District are also adequate to meet current service demands. Projected Growth and Development The District anticipates slow growth to continue for the foreseeable future. The California Department of Finance projected approximately five percent growth in Calaveras County, as a whole, between 2015 and 2030. This translates to about 0.3 percent annual growth. While TCFCSD does not expect any growth in the near future, it anticipates being able to meet demand for any future growth. Growth Strategies The District is not a land use authority, and does not hold primary responsibility for implementing growth strategies. The land use authority for unincorporated areas is the County. The District has never determined the point at which it would become involved with evaluating potential development within TCFCSD. However, the District will need to discuss any potential plans and application for development for the vacant parcels as they occur. Financing TCFCSD primarily receives revenue through annual parcel assessments. These assessments are $100 per year per parcel and do not have a sunset date. The District has no other income sources, such as traffic impact fees. The District reports its current financing is adequate to provide the level of road maintenance services needed for the District. The District’s FY 19-20 budget transaction sheet shows a beginning equity balance of $7,142. Revenue for the District included $3,168 in assessments and $0.86 in interest. For the year ending June 30, 2022 Direct Assessment charges were $3,200 and expenditures were $3,201.43 and a budget balance of $0.43 District expenditures totaled $4,396 strictly for road maintenance leaving a balance of $5,915. In contrast, FY 20-21 there was $3117 in revenue, $3,116 in assessments and $1.43 in interest, while road maintenance costs were $650, leaving a remaining balance of $8,383. As of 6/30/2022 the District’s fund equity is $150.40. The District has no known debt. TCFCSD 79 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW While the District did not identify any formal or informal reserve strategies, it does maintain a reserve account that would cover approximately two years of operating expenses. At this time, the District states there are no overarching challenges to financing, however, there are two Directors required to write checks but there is currently only one Director on the Board. In the meantime, money is accruing and unable to be used for District spending, including roadwork services. TCFCSD 80 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW ROAD SERVICES Service Overview TCFCSD provides road maintenance services within the District’s boundaries. It does not contract out for this work. Facilities and Capacity The Three Cent Flat CSD is responsible for maintaining 1.28 miles of road. Roughly one mile of road is gravel while the remaining quarter mile is paved. Sealing has never been done within the District. It is unknown if the District’s roads have been graded. There are no signalized intersections within TCFCSD. The District owns no facilities and no equipment and it does not participate in any facility sharing practices. Likewise, TCFCSD does not have any paid staff. The District indicated it has sufficient capacity to provide adequate road maintenance services. Infrastructure Needs The District provides its own maintenance on 1.28 miles of road within its bounds. The District reported that maintenance has been deferred and is needed to repair ditches and culverts. Challenges TCFCSD has identified two interrelated principal challenges to the efficiency of its District. The primary issue is that access to funds has been restricted. It is the District’s policy for two Directors to sign checks in order to spend funds for District service work. However, there is currently only one Director on the Board; therefore, funds have been confined to the District’s account, unable to be withdrawn. The secondary challenge is that constituents grow frustrated with roads that are in disrepair; however, residents have shown no interest in serving on the District’s Board. Service Adequacy This section reviews indicators of road service adequacy, including, condition of roadways, deferred maintenance, and congestion. The condition of street pavement is typically evaluated by local agencies using a Pavement Management System (PMS), which regularly evaluates pavement condition and establishes a cost-effective maintenance strategy. Each segment of pavement is rated for distress (i.e., cracks and potholes) and the extent and severity of distress. Having an up-to-date PMS allows the local agency to quickly and efficiently gauge road maintenance needs and efficiently allocate resources. TCFCSD does not make use of a PMS. TCFCSD 81 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW The life cycle of pavement in good condition can be extended through preventative maintenance by applying a thin layer of asphalt mixture, better known as slurry sealing or seal-coating. When pavement is in fair condition—with moderate potholes and cracks—it can be treated with one- to two-inch thick overlays. Pavement with minor structural distress—with significant cracks—often requires rehabilitation, involving grinding of portions of the existing street and application of a thick overlay. Pavement with major structural distress—with extensive cracks—often requires reconstruction involving removal and replacement of the street segment. Pavement management studies have shown that it is more cost effective to maintain pavement in good condition over its useful life than to let it deteriorate to the point that it requires a major overlay or reconstruction. Deferring maintenance can increase long-term maintenance costs as much as four times greater than a consistent preventative maintenance strategy, according to the Transportation Research Board. Street reconstruction is typically needed once asphalt is 20-35 years old, with the asphalt lifespan depending on the use of preventative maintenance efforts. Traffic congestion is measured based on the daily number of vehicle hours of delay due to congestion. Historically, Level of Service (LOS) analysis has relied upon a conventional perspective of the primary use of public streets by motor vehicles rather than considering all modes of travel, including public transportation, bicycling and walking. LOS on streets and highways is rated on a scale of A-F, where “A” is the best rating and “F” the worst. LOS “E” means significant delays, unstable traffic flow, and rapidly fluctuating speeds and flow rates; LOS “F” means considerable delay with forced traffic flow and speeds dropping to zero. Calaveras County has an adopted minimum standard of LOS C; however, this standard is not applicable to the CSD’s roads. The District does not maintain any formal standards regarding traffic volumes on its roads. It has stated there are no issues with congestion that need to be addressed and also indicated its roads have not been rated. TCFCSD did not state the condition of its roads to be able to specify its level of service adequacy. The District only reported that maintenance has been deferred and is needed to repair ditches and culverts. TCFCSD 82 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW THREE CENT FLAT COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS Growth and Population Projections v The District currently has 32 parcels with an estimated population of 16. v The District anticipates slow growth in population and similarly in service demand within the District in the next few years. The Location and Characteristics of Disadvantaged Unincorporated Communities Within or Contiguous to the Agency’s SOI v Based on the Department of Water Resources disadvantaged communities mapping tool, there are no disadvantaged unincorporated communities within or adjacent to the District. Present and Planned Capacity of Public Facilities and Adequacy of Public Services, Including Infrastructure Needs and Deficiencies v The District provides road maintenance services for 1.28 miles of road within its boundaries. v The District states it has the capacity to meet service needs at present and in the future. v The District reported that maintenance has been deferred and is needed to repair ditches and culverts. v TCFCSD did not state the condition of its roads to be able to specify its level of service adequacy. Financial Ability of Agencies to Provide Services v The District reports it has sufficient financial capacity to provide current and future road maintenance services, with at least two year’s worth of reserves for operating expenses. According to the Calaveras County Auditor’s records as of June 30, 2022, the district had a $160.40 Cash in Treasury. v The District does generate annual balance transaction sheets, however, there is no formal, detailed budget nor does the District participate in any audits. It is recommended that the District establish a formal annual budget as well as audit practices. It is likely, a five-year audit would be sufficient based on the size and resources of this District. v The Board Director should be in contact with the County Board of Supervisors to discuss the difficulty with accessing the District’s checking account based on its current policy of needing two Directors to sign a check. Potentially, the County could aid in appointing additional Board members for the District. TCFCSD 83 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Status of, and Opportunities for, Shared Facilities v TCFCSD does not have its own facilities, nor does it take part in shared facility practices. Accountability for Community Service Needs, Including Governmental Structure and Operational Efficiencies v TCFCSD struggles to meet state requirements for an acceptable governance structure that includes five elected Board members. The District currently only has one Director. TCFCSD reported no one has expressed interest in District Board Membership. According to the County Elections dept. there are no candidates for the CSD Board of Directors. After November 8th, 2022 there will no longer be a Board Member for this CSD. v Over the course of the next year, it is recommended that TCFCSD evaluate the roadblocks to staffing issues. This could involve discussions or meetings with constituents or examining ways to encourage involvement within the District. By the time of the next election cycle at the end of 2022, if the required five-member board is not able to be assembled, it is suggested that the CSD transition into a county service area (CSA) for the benefit of the District. The main advantage of a CSA would be having the full support of a robust governance structure that is understandably needed to make decisions, set policies and procedures, and the availability of resources (physical, staffing, and financial) to conduct needed road maintenance services rather than place a strain on the capabilities of only a few people. However, rates would need to increase to pay for the costs of county management while providing road repairs. v The District does not have a website and is, therefore, not in compliance with state mandates. It is recommended that the District establish a website in alignment with SB 929 and AB 2257. Additionally, the website would elevate District transparency, allow for outreach efforts, and could be used for recruitment of new members or volunteers. TCFCSD 84 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW 10. WALLACE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT Wallace Community Services District (WCSD) provides liquid petroleum gas, road and street light maintenance and repair, and recreational facilities and open space services in the Wallace Lake Estates subdivision. This MSR reviews only road and street light maintenance services provided by the District. The most recent MSR for the District was completed in 2012. A separate municipal service review and sphere of influence plan was prepared and adopted for the WCSD in February of 2004. AGENCY OVERVIEW Background WCSD was formed on October 29, 1990 to provide water, wastewater, road, streetlight, drainage, front and back gate, walking trails, Wallace Lake (including the dam), and recreational facility maintenance and repair, and garbage collection in Wallace Lake Estates and the unincorporated community of Wallace. In 2012, the District divested its wastewater and water powers and services and LAFCo designated the Calaveras County Water District as the successor agency. The principal act that governs the District is the State of California Community Services District Law.13 CSDs may potentially provide a wide array of services, including water supply, wastewater, solid waste, police and fire protection, street lighting and landscaping, airport, recreation and parks, mosquito abatement, library services; street maintenance and drainage services, ambulance service, utility undergrounding, transportation, abate graffiti, flood protection, weed abatement, hydroelectric power, among various other services. CSDs are required to gain LAFCo approval to provide those services permitted by the principal act but not performed by the end of 2005 (i.e., latent powers).14 Boundaries WCSD is located near the intersection of SR 12 and Comanche Parkway South, immediately northeast of the unincorporated community of Wallace. The boundaries of WCSD extend easterly from SR 12 to just beyond Wallace Lake, and from just south of Wallace Lake to Comanche Parkway South in the north. The District has a boundary area of approximately 383 acres or 0.6 square miles. Since its formation there have been no recorded changes to the District’s boundaries. The Wallace Community Services District (WCSD) is located within the northwestern corner of Calaveras County. WCSD is fairly isolated from the remainder of the CSDs in Calaveras County with MRCSD to the east and Circle XX to the southeast. 13 Government Code §61000-61226.5. 14 Government Code §61106. WCSD 85 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Sphere of Influence In 2004 the Wallace CSD Sphere of Influence was enlarged to include territory outside the district’s boundaries. The District’s SOI was last updated in 2012 during the water and wastewater powers divestiture process whereby water and wastewater were removed from the powers the Wallace CSD is authorized to provide. In 2012 no territory was being removed or added to the District’s SOI. The amendment was only to divest the wastewater and water services to be assumed by the Calaveras County Water District, as the successor agency. The District’s Road Sphere of Influence is much larger than the District’s boundaries. The District’s SOI extends beyond the District’s boundaries in the north to just beyond SR - 12, in the west to the county line, and in the south to just beyond EBMUD Road. The SOI encompasses approximately 1.9 square miles or 1,206 acres. The CSD covers 381.30 acres, of which 322 acres include Wallace Lake Estates. Wallace Lake Estates is currently under development, with 389 single family parcels, 5.3 acres of multifamily residential parcels, and some nonresidential parcels. The nearby community of Wallace has several commercial uses and 20 residents. When the Estates subdivision is fully developed, the population within Wallace CSD may potentially reach about 900 residents. Calaveras County reportedly conditioned the project on formation of the Wallace CSD to provide the above services. WCSD 86 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Figure 9-1: Wallace Community Services District Boundaries and SOI Range 9 East 09 10 11 CamancheReservoir CAMANCHE PY S DANCIE DR HANKS LANDING CT 16 ·|}þ 12 BOLLEA RD 15 SAWMI P L C L E A T S M T A R W N O C G H A S E ^` O P S L Y S L S H S A T AW C K E C L T AK W IL E LET C T DR WA T L E L A A L C E C L T AKE DR S VERDIN T C URNS T TONE CT CORMORANT DR WALLACE LAKE DR OLIVEIRA CT 14 Wallace ·|}þ 12 21 22 23 Mokelumne Aqueduct 28 27 26 Bear Creek WCSD 87 htroN 4 pihsnwoT Calaveras LAFCo Wallace Community Services District and Sphere of Influence "This map does not depict a legal property boundary and may not be used as a legal description as defined in the Subdivision Map Act" y El Dorado County Alpine Sac C ra o m u e n n ty to ¬« 88 ¬« 49 Calaveras Co ¬« 1 u 0 n 8 ty G E L HH P R ii a gg o r hh a c ww d e s aa ls yyss ^` W T C o a o w t u e n n r s b ty o d B i o e u s ndaryO A W n a d ll a S c p e h C C e a r o e l m a o v m f e I u n r n a fl i u t s y e C n S c e o e r u v B i n c o e t u y D nd is a tr r i ie ct s County T C u o o u l n u t m y ne E N Wallace CSD Calaveras LAFCo Resolution: # 0401 S C a o n u n J t o y aquin ¬« 4 Wallace CSD D Wallace CSD Adopted: February 9, 2004 0 330660 1,320Feet S C t o a u n n is ty laus Sphere of Influence Source: Calaveras LAFCo Map Created 8/27/2022 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Accountability and Governance WCSD is governed by an elected five-member Board of Directors who serve four-year terms, in compliance with SB 135. Recent Board vacancies have been filled. Monthly meetings are held at the Tri-Lakes Church, 7999 Wards Ave, Wallace, CA. The District does not have any paid or sworn staff but all members volunteer their time to the District. Therefore, there are no staff evaluations. Likewise, WCSD does not currently have processes in place to evaluate the District’s performance. Figure 9-2: Wallace CSD Governing Body Wallace CSD Governing Body Name Position Term Ends Larry Howen A President 12/18/2022 Members Eric Baysinger E* Vice-president 12/21/2022 Kathleen Barkley A Director 12/18/2024 Mike Jones A* Director 12/01/2022 Steve Martin A* Director 12/01/202 Manner of Selection Elected at Large (E), Appointed by the Board of Supervisors (A) 3- 4 year terms and 2 two- Length of Term year terms Monthly meetings held at Tri-Lakes Church, 7999 Wards Ave, Meetings Wallace . Third Wednesday of each month Agenda Distribution Website Community bulletin board and Local Post Office Minutes Distribution Available on line by request. Contact Contact WCSD Board Mailing Address P.O. Box398 Wallace, CA 95254 Phone 209-712-3136 Email/Website https//wallacecsd.com/contact *On November 8, 2022 Statewide General Election candidate list If a customer is dissatisfied with the District’s services, his or her concerns may be submitted via email, call, or at a district meeting. Once submitted, a Board member is responsible for handling or escalating the issue. Formally lodged complaints may be logged in meeting minutes; however, less formal concerns are not typically tracked and the repairs are made as needed. Generally, most issues relate to lights that have gone out or problems with the community’s gates. Over the last two fiscal years, the District has registered approximately 14 calls total. In 2018, the Special District Transparency Act (SB 929, Government Codes §6270.6 and §53087.8) was signed into law requiring special districts in California to have websites set up by WCSD 88 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW January 1, 2020 in the name of transparency, as required by the Brown Act. The mandate indicates the site must clearly list the district’s contact information, agendas, minutes, budgets and financial statements, compensation reports, and other relevant public information and documents. There is an exemption to the law if the district’s governing body adopts a resolution by majority vote and provides detailed information regarding a hardship preventing the establishment or maintenance of a website. This resolution must be adopted annually over the duration of the hardship. Additionally, California’s AB 2257 (Government Code §54954.2), enacted in 2016, updated the Brown Act with new requirements governing the location, platform and methods by which an agenda must be accessible on the agency’s website for all meetings occurring on or after January 1, 2019. AB 2257 provides two options for compliance. Under the first option, an agency that maintains a website must post a direct link to the current agenda on its primary homepage. The link may not be placed in a “contextual menu,” such as a drop-down tab, that would require a user to perform an action to reveal the agenda link. Additionally, the agenda must be: (a) downloadable, indexable, and electronically searchable by common internet browsers; (b) platform independent and machine readable; and (c) available to the public, free of charge and without restrictions that might interfere with the reuse or redistribution of the agenda. Under the second option, an agency may implement an “integrated agenda management platform,” meaning a dedicated webpage that provides the necessary agenda information. The most current agenda must be located at the top of the page. Under this option, a direct link to the current agenda does not need to be posted on the homepage; however, the agency is required to post a link to the platform containing the agenda information. Again, this link may not be hidden in a contextual menu. The WCSD has a website (wallacecsd.com) and is therefore in compliance with SB 929 or AB 2257. WCSD demonstrated accountability in its disclosure of information and cooperation with Calaveras LAFCo. The District responded to the questionnaires and Inquiries and cooperated with document requests. Planning and Management Practices The District consists of a five-member Board of Directors elected (3) and appointed by the Board of Supervisors (2) to be affirmed on November 8th, 2022. The District does not have any paid staff. All Board Members are considered volunteers and, therefore, staff workload is not tracked and evaluations are not performed. Similarly, the District does not evaluate the agency’s own performance. There are no long-term contracts for maintenance, however WCSD hires a weed abatement company annually to spray the weeds along the District’s streets. An electrical company is also hired to address any issues with streetlights, but this is done on an as needed basis. Outside of the County’s General Plan, WCSD does not abide by any other planning documents. The District does, however, collaborate with an architectural committee to examine potential growth opportunities within WCSD. The District’s financial management practices include a 2018 audit and proposes a new 5-year audit. The district recently passed a resolution that will go before the county authorizing a 5- year audit to commence later in 2022. An annual budget has been adopted. The District does WCSD 89 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW not adopt a formal capital improvement plans like other CSD’s in Calaveras County. WCSD’s informal reserve policy is to maintain reserves specifically for future street projects. Existing Demand and Growth Projections Designated land uses within WCSD are strictly residential. Population The estimated population in WCSD is unknown but has reportedly remained steady with only two homes being built within the past two years. At 2.32 persons per household with 124 lots the population at full buildout of the WCSD would be 288 more or less. Existing Demand According to the County the WCSD has 124 parcels and stated that the land use within the District is almost fully built out. There are a few lots remaining that are owned but not yet developed. At this time, there are no plans for additional development within the District. The District has not identified anything that would affect current demand such as tourism or seasonal residents. With limited growth expected, the District does not anticipate any increased demand for road maintenance services and financially, there are sufficient funds to be able to meet existing demand. Projected Growth and Development The California Department of Finance projected approximately five percent growth in Calaveras County, as a whole, between 2015 and 2030. This translates to about 0.3 percent annual growth. This slow progression is not expected to notably impact the District, particularly since no future development is planned or possible at this time. Growth Strategies The District is not a land use authority, and does not hold primary responsibility for implementing growth strategies. The land use authority for unincorporated areas is Calaveras County. Financing WCSD reported that there is adequate financing to provide the level of service needed throughout the District. Primary revenue for the District is through property taxes. There are also annual assessments that are periodically increased. WCSD intends to raise these fees within the next two years. The amount of these fees is $500.00 per year. As with the other CSD’s in Calaveras County the District does not utilize traffic impact fees to generate any revenue. Revenues for FY 22/23 are estimated to be $74,146.78 (in FY 21-22 actual revenues were $73,303.36) and Expenditures were $74,146.78 (in FY 21-22 actual expenditures were $30,761.72) . The FY 2022-2023 budget was provided, Estimated Revenues for FY 22/23 is $73,690 from direct assessment charges and interest on the account. Expenditures for the District are budgeted at $73,690.00 for services and supplies in 2022/2023. Most of the district’s WCSD 90 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW expenditures are for repairs and maintenance ($80,000.00) and the remaining budget consist of permits, dues, utilities, professional services, contract services Insurance salaries, payroll taxes. To balance the budget the district contemplates using $47,560.00 from its Reserve funds. The District plans for its reserves to be used for any capital projects, as seen in the 2022-2023 expenditure budget. At the end of FY 21-22, WCSD had $279,830.62 cash in treasury and unreserved/undesignated balance of $237,389.98. WCSD states that it does not face any financial challenges and is capable of providing a sufficient level of service throughout its District. WCSD 91 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW ROAD SERVICES Service Overview The WCSD maintains all streets within the WCSD boundaries. The District has approximately 1.7 miles of streets. These roads were constructed to County standards as specified in the Wallace Lake Estates Subdivision map. Funding for street maintenance is obtained from a parcel assessment applied to the WCSD District Number 1. The WCSD provides street lighting within the WLE development. Currently, there are 27 streetlights throughout the development. Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) provides energy and maintenance services for the street lighting system. PG&E bills the WCSD on a flat rate schedule (LS2-C). PG&E provides basic maintenance services such as replacement of lamps and photocells. In the event that the WCSD expects new streetlights to be added to the system, the associated costs must be borne by the property owner. Maintenance costs are paid by the WCSD from funds received from property assessments. Additional services the District provides are maintenance and repair work for the District’s gates, walking trails, drainage issues, and the Wallace Lake, including the dam. There are no services provided outside the District’s boundaries. Facilities and Capacity WCSD owns one facility, an office trailer, for District use, which is in fair condition. It is able to meet capacity needs at this time, although the District indicates it will eventually plan to build a new, larger facility that can better accommodate its needs, including space to conduct its meetings. The District owns no equipment and does not take part in any facility sharing practices. The District has no signalized intersections and its roads are in good condition, having recently completed a slurry seal project and restriping on all the roads in the District’s SOI in 2019. No repaving has been needed. The District does not use a PMS. Infrastructure Needs Overall, the District has very few areas in need of attention. The only identified issue is a desire to expand security fences throughout the subdivision. Challenges The District indicates it is not facing any challenges at this time. The community is well-maintained in a preventative manner and funds are available if projects or emergencies arise. WCSD 92 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Service Adequacy This section reviews indicators of road service adequacy, including, condition of roadways, deferred maintenance, and congestion. The condition of street pavement is typically evaluated by local agencies using a Pavement Management System (PMS), which regularly evaluates pavement condition and establishes a cost-effective maintenance strategy. Each segment of pavement is rated for distress (i.e., cracks and potholes) and the extent and severity of distress. Having an up-to-date PMS allows the local agency to quickly and efficiently gauge road maintenance needs and efficiently allocate resources. As was already mentioned, WCSD does not make use of a PMS. The life cycle of pavement in good condition can be extended through preventative maintenance by applying a thin layer of asphalt mixture, better known as slurry sealing or seal-coating. When pavement is in fair condition—with moderate potholes and cracks—it can be treated with one- to two-inch thick overlays. Pavement with minor structural distress—with significant cracks—often requires rehabilitation, involving grinding of portions of the existing street and application of a thick overlay. Pavement with major structural distress—with extensive cracks—often requires reconstruction involving removal and replacement of the street segment. Pavement management studies have shown that it is more cost effective to maintain pavement in good condition over its useful life than to let it deteriorate to the point that it requires a major overlay or reconstruction. Deferring maintenance can increase long-term maintenance costs as much as four times greater than a consistent preventative maintenance strategy, according to the Transportation Research Board. Street reconstruction is typically needed once asphalt is 20-35 years old, with the asphalt lifespan depending on the use of preventative maintenance efforts. Within the past two years, the District’s roads have been slurry sealed and restriped. Traffic congestion is measured based on the daily number of vehicle hours of delay due to congestion. Historically, Level of Service (LOS) analysis has relied upon a conventional perspective of the primary use of public streets by motor vehicles rather than considering all modes of travel, including public transportation, bicycling and walking. LOS on streets and highways is rated on a scale of A-F, where “A” is the best rating and “F” the worst. LOS “E” means significant delays, unstable traffic flow, and rapidly fluctuating speeds and flow rates; LOS “F” means considerable delay with forced traffic flow and speeds dropping to zero. Calaveras County has an adopted minimum standard of LOS C; however, this standard is not applicable to the CSD’s roads. The District does not maintain any formal standards regarding traffic volumes on its roads. It has stated there are no issues with congestion that need to be addressed and also indicated District roads have not been rated. WCSD 93 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW WALLACE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT DETERMINATIONS Growth and Population Projections v The District currently has 124 residential parcels that are nearly completely developed. v Slow growth is expected over the coming years, but there are no significant changes anticipated, nor are there plans or the ability to further build out within the District. The Location and Characteristics of Disadvantaged Unincorporated Communities Within or Contiguous to the Agency’s SOI v Based on the Department of Water Resources disadvantaged communities mapping tool, there are no disadvantaged unincorporated communities within or adjacent to the District. Present and Planned Capacity of Public Facilities and Adequacy of Public Services, Including Infrastructure Needs and Deficiencies v The District provides road services, along with several other maintenance services, across 1.7 miles of streets. The District has been able to provide services as needed which has offered preventative benefits resulting in a well-maintained community. v WCSD determined it has sufficient capacity to meet current and future service needs, although no additional development is expected at this time. v The District has very few infrastructure needs. Of the two items mentioned, a new office trailer and expanded security fencing throughout the subdivision, the trailer is not currently being planned for as it is not an immediate need. Its present facilities are adequate. Financial Ability of Agencies to Provide Services v The District is in a healthy financial position with adequate funds to not only meet capacity but be prepared for unexpected expenses and potential growth. v The District has reserves available which may be used for capital projects without the need for financing from outside sources. v WCSD receives income from almost entirely from direct assessments with a small amount from interest. It does not collect any other fees but is able to raise assessment fees when appropriate to maintain services in comparison to cost increases, for example. Status of, and Opportunities for, Shared Facilities v The District does not take part in any facility sharing practices. WCSD 94 CALAVERAS LAFCO ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 19, 2022 ROAD MAINTENANCE COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICTS MUNICIPAL SERVICE REVIEW Accountability for Community Service Needs, Including Governmental Structure and Operational Efficiencies v The District uses an appropriate and acceptable governance structure of elected and appointed officials in line with the legal requirements outlined in SB 135. v WCSD has a website (wallacecsd.com) and is in compliance with AB 2257 and SB 929. It is recommended that the District use the website to meet legal requirements and also allowing for further transparency with the posting of public documents like meeting minutes and agendas, audits, budgets, contact and Board information, as well as offering a chance to take part in outreach efforts for the benefit of its constituents. The website could also further streamline the process for tracking and receiving complaints and service requests through this online resource. WCSD 95