LAFCO
City Of Brawley Service Area Plan
Read the report at Local Agency Formation Commissions ↗
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Brawley
Imperial County Local Agency Formation Commission
1122 W. State Street, Suite D
El Centro, CA 92243
Sphere of Influence as of 12/13/18
Boundaries as of 12/13/18
EXHIBIT A
CITY OF BRAWLEY
FINAL
SERVICE AREA PLAN
Prepared for:
City of Brawley
400 Main Street
Brawley, California 92227
and
Local Agency Formation Commission
Imperial County
509 South Eighth Street
El Centro, California 92243
Prepared by:
City of Brawley Planning Department
400 Main Street, Suite 2
Brawley, California 92227
(760) 344-8822
August 2018
Table of Contents
Chapter Page
1.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................. 1-1
1.2 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1-1
1.3 PUBLIC SERVICES & FACILITIES. ..................................................................... 1-3
1.3.1 Administrative Facilities .......................................................................... 1-3
1.3.2 Flood Control/Drainage Facilities ............................................................1-3
1.3.3 Fire Facilities ........................................................................................... 1-3
1.3.4 Law Enforcement Facilities ..................................................................... 1-4
1.3.5 Library Facilities ...................................................................................... 1-5
1.3.6 Parks and Recreation Facilities ............................................................... 1-5
1.3.7 Circulation Facilities ................................................................................ 1-6
1.3.8 Wastewater Facilities .............................................................................. 1-6
1.3.9 Water Facilities ....................................................................................... 1-7
2.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 BACKGROUND ON THE CITY OF BRAWLEY .................................................... 2-1
2.3 PURPOSE OF THE SERVICE AREA PLAN. ........................................................ 2-1
2.4 ORGANIZATION AND USE OF THE SERVICE AREA PLAN ...............................2-2
3.1 GROWTH AND PHASING PROJECTIONS.................................................................. 3-1
3.2 EXISTING LAND USE .......................................................................................... 3-1
3.3 PLANNED LAND USE .......................................................................................... 3-1
3.4 PROJECTED POPULATION INCREASE .............................................................3-2
3.5 BUILDOUT PROJECTIONS ................................................................................. 3-7
4.1 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES ......................................................................... 4-1
4.2 ADMINISTRATIVE FACILITIES ......................................................................... 4.1-1
4.2.1 Performance Standards ....................................................................... 4.1-1
4.2.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis ............................................. 4.1-1
4.2.3 Funding ................................................................................................ 4.1-3
4.2.4 Recommendations ............................................................................... 4.1-4
4.3 FLOOD CONTROL/DRAINAGE FACILITIES ..................................................... 4.2-1
4.3.1 Performance Standards ....................................................................... 4.2-1
4.3.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis ............................................. 4.2-1
4.3.3 Funding ................................................................................................ 4.2-3
4.3.4 Recommendations ............................................................................... 4.2-3
Contents CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page i
4.4 FIRE FACILITIES .............................................................................................. 4.3-1
4.4.1 Performance Standards ....................................................................... 4.3-1
4.4.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis ............................................. 4.3-1
4.4.3 Funding ................................................................................................ 4.3-4
4.4.4 Recommendations ............................................................................... 4.3-5
4.5 LAW ENFORCEMENT FACILITIES. ................................................................. 4.4-1
4.5.1 Performance Standards ....................................................................... 4.4-1
4.5.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis ............................................. 4.4-1
4.5.3 Funding ................................................................................................ 4.4-4
4.5.4 Recommendations ............................................................................... 4.4-4
4.6 LIBRARY FACILITIES ....................................................................................... 4.5-1
4.6.1 Performance Standards ....................................................................... 4.5-1
4.6.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis ............................................. 4.5-1
4.6.3 Funding ................................................................................................ 4.5-3
4.6.4 Recommendations ............................................................................... 4.5-4
4.7 PARKS AND RECREATION FACILITIES .......................................................... 4.6-1
4.7.1 Performance Standards ....................................................................... 4.6-1
4.7.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis ............................................. 4.6-2
4.7.3 Funding ................................................................................................ 4.6-6
4.7.4 Recommendations ............................................................................... 4.6-7
4.8 CIRCULATION FACILITIES .............................................................................. 4.7-1
4.8.1 Performance Standards ....................................................................... 4.7-1
4.8.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis ............................................. 4.7-8
4.8.3 Funding .............................................................................................. 4.7-11
4.8.4 Recommendations ............................................................................. 4.7-11
4.9 WASTEWATER FACILITIES ............................................................................. 4.8-1
4.9.1 Performance Standards ....................................................................... 4.8-1
4.9.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis ............................................. 4.8-1
4.9.3 Funding ................................................................................................ 4.8-6
4.9.4 Recommendations ............................................................................... 4.8-7
4.10 WATER FACILITIES .......................................................................................... 4.9-1
4.10.1 Performance Standards ....................................................................... 4.9-1
4.10.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis ............................................. 4.9-1
4.10.3 Funding ................................................................................................ 4.9-7
4.10.4 Recommendations ............................................................................... 4.9-9
Contents CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page i
4.11 AVAILABILITY OF SERVICES NOT PROVIDED BY THE CITY ..................... 4.10-1
4.11.1 Schools .............................................................................................. 4.10-1
4.11.2 Electric ............................................................................................... 4.10-1
4.11.3 Telecommunications .......................................................................... 4.10-2
4.11.4 Natural Gas ....................................................................................... 4.10-2
4.11.5 Airport Facilities ................................................................................. 4.10-2
5.1 FINANCING ............................................................................................................................5-1
5.2 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 5-1
5.3 EXISTING REVENUE SOURCES ......................................................................... 5-1
5.3.1 Taxes ............................................................................................................... 5-2
5.3.2 Intergovernmental Sources .....................................................................5-2
5.3.3 Service Charges and Impact Fees .......................................................... 5-2
5.3.4 Miscellaneous Revenue .......................................................................... 5-2
5.4 FUTURE REVENUE SOURCES ........................................................................... 5-3
5.4.1 Local Funding ......................................................................................... 5-3
5.4.2 State and Federal Funding ...................................................................... 5-3
Contents CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page i
Figures
Title Page
2.1 Sphere of Influence Boundary ....................................................................................... 2-3
3.1 General Plan Land Uses ............................................................................................... 3-3
3.2 Special Study Areas..................................................................................................... 3-5
4.2.1 Flood Zone ................................................................................................................ 4.2-5
4.2.2 Designated Open Space ............................................................................................ 4.2-7
4.6.1 Existing and Future Parks .......................................................................................... 4.6-3
4.7.1 Circulation Plan ......................................................................................................... 4.7-3
4.7.2 Typical Roadway Cross-Sections ............................................................................... 4.7-5
4.8.1 Existing Wastewater System ...................................................................................... 4.8-3
4.9.1 Existing Water System ............................................................................................... 4.9-3
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Contents
Page iv August 2018
Tables
Title Page
1-1 Summary of Facility Needs ........................................................................................... 1-1
3.3-1 Population Growth Projections City of Brawley, 2010–2030.......................................... 3-2
4.1-1 Performance Standards – Administrative Facilities .................................................... 4.1-1
4.1-2 Existing Administrative Facilities ................................................................................ 4.1-2
4.1-3 Adequacy of Existing Administrative Facilities ........................................................... 4.1-2
4.1-4 Adequacy of Future Administrative Facilities.............................................................. 4.1-3
4.3-1 Performance Standards – Fire Facilities .................................................................... 4.3-1
4.3-2 Existing Fire Facilities ................................................................................................ 4.3-2
4.3-3 Adequacy of Existing Fire Facilities and Staff ............................................................ 4.3-3
4.3-4 Adequacy of Future Fire Facilities .............................................................................. 4.3-4
4.4-1 Performance Standards – Law Enforcement Facilities ............................................... 4.4-1
4.4-2 Existing Law Enforcement Facilities ........................................................................... 4.4-2
4.4-3 Adequacy of Existing Law Enforcement Facilities ...................................................... 4.4-2
4.4-4 Adequacy of Future Law Enforcement Facilities ........................................................ 4.4-3
4.5-1 Performance Standards – Library Facilities ............................................................... 4.5-1
4.5-2 Existing Library Facilities ........................................................................................... 4.5-2
4.5-3 Adequacy of Existing Library Facilities and Staff ........................................................ 4.5-2
4.5-4 Adequacy of Future Library Facilities ......................................................................... 4.5-3
4.6-1 Performance Standards – Parks and Recreation Facilities ......................................... 4.6-1
4.6-2a Existing Parks and Recreation Facilities .................................................................... 4.6-2
4.6-2b Existing Community Center Facilities ......................................................................... 4.6-5
4.6-3 Adequacy of Existing Parks and Recreation Facilities ............................................... 4.6-5
4.6-4 Adequacy of Future Parks and Recreation Facilities .................................................. 4.6-6
4.7-1 Level of Service for Brawley Circulation Performance Criteria ................................... 4.7-7
4.7-2 ADT Level of Service Volumes By Roadway Types. .................................................. 4.7-7
4.7-3 Projected Circulation Projects – City of Brawley, 2011–2021 ..................................... 4.7-9
4.8-1 Wastewater Treatment Plant Capacity Standards ...................................................... 4.8-1
4.9-1 Water System Capacity Standards ............................................................................ 4.9-1
Contents CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page v
Acronyms
AB Assembly Bill
AC asbestos cement
ADT average daily traffic
BEIF Border Environment Infrastructure Funding
BESD Brawley Elementary School District
BUHSD Brawley Union High School District
Caltrans California Department of Transportation
CFD Community Facilities District
CFDs Community Facility Districts
CI cast iron
CIP Capital Improvement Program
DIF Study Development Impact Fee Justification Study
FTE full-time employee
FY fiscal year
I- Interstate
IID Imperial Irrigation District
ISO Insurance Services Office, Commercial Risk Services, Inc.
kV kilovolt
KWh kilowatt hours
LAFCO Local Agency Formation Commission
LAMBS Literacy and Mobile Book Services
LOS level of service
LVA/IV Literacy Volunteers of America/Imperial Valley
MG million gallons
MGD million gallons per day
MW megawatts
PVC polyvinyl chloride
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
SAP Service Area Plan
SCAG Southern California Association of Governments
sf square feet
SOI Sphere of Influence
SR- State Route
WTP Water Treatment Plant
WWTP wastewater treatment plant
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Contents
Page vi August 2018
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This Service Area Plan (SAP) is intended to demonstrate the City of Brawley’s (City’s) intent
and ability to provide adequate services within the City limits, including the Sphere of Influence
(SOI) boundaries, as defined by the Imperial Valley Local Agency Formation Commission, at the
time of annexation. This document outlines the City’s existing public services and facilities,
estimates their current and future anticipated demand, and describes how necessary facilities
and services will or may be developed and extended to meet demands. Future growth
is evaluated over a 20-year period (2010–2030) using United States Census data from 2010
and future population projections until 2030 from the City’s General Plan. The City of Brawley’s
2008 General Plan guides the City’s growth and provides buildout estimates both within the City
limits and the SOI.
As the third largest city in Imperial County, Brawley’s 2010 population was reported to be
24,953 (United States Census Bureau 2010). The California Department of Finance estimates
that the 2017 population is 26,928. Existing development within the City includes a variety of
residential, commercial, and industrial land uses, as well as public services such as schools,
parks, and other administrative City facilities. Areas within the Brawley SOI are primarily
farmland or vacant land; however, General Plan land use designations in the SOI include
some industrial, public facility, and residential land uses.
The following is a brief summary of the facilities, existing adequacy and needs, and future
demand for the public services and facilities areas examined in this SAP. Also, facilities’ needs,
costs, and financing methods are shown in Table 1-1. It should be noted that the following
discussion is substantially abbreviated from that contained in the rest of the document and is not
meant to replace the comprehensive discussion provided in Sections 2 through 5 of this SAP.
Table 1.1 Summary of Facility Needs
Costs Fiscal Year
(2010 DIF 2016/2017
Facilities’ Needs through 20301 Study2) Budget Financing Methods
Fire Protection
New Fire Station and Substations $12,951,000 $2,869,001 Development Impact Fees
(47,964 square feet [sf]) (57.94%)
Fire Engines (3) Other (42.06%) General Fund,
Utility Vehicle (3) General Taxes, Motor Vehicle
Ladder Truck (1) License Fee, Benefit
Rescue Vehicle (1) Assessment, Exactions, Mello-
Staff Vehicle (1) Roos Community Facilities
Assessments, Special Tax For
Command Vehicle (1)
Fire Services, Grants
Full-time Fire Fighters (48)
Law Enforcement
Police Station (8,305 sf) $13,854,148 $5,915,508 Development Impact Fees
Marked Patrol Car (11) (56.81%)
Sworn Officers (57) Other (43.19%) General
Non-Sworn Officers (28) Taxes, Mello-Roos Community
Portable Vehicle Radio (9) Facilities Tax, Special Tax For
Portable Officer Radio (41) Police Services, Development
Impact Fees, Exactions
Executive Summary CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 1-1
Costs Fiscal Year
(2010 DIF 2016/2017
Facilities’ Needs through 20301 Study2) Budget Financing Methods
Library
Library (5,514 sf) $8,359,516 $626,001 Development Impact Fees
Satellite Library (3,491 sf) (100.00%)
48,946 books
Library Staff (21)
Literacy Space (2,979 sf)
Computer Science Space (4,468 sf)
Parks and Recreation
Community Center (23,028 sf) $30,870,932 $1,587,504 Development Impact Fees
Mini Park (6.52–21.52 acres) (100.00%)
Developed Parkland (70.33 acres)
Circulation
Roadway projects involving $78,619,000 $4,540,000 Development Impact Fees
construction, resurfacing, extending, (93.16%)
rehabilitating, and widening along Other (6.84%) Gas Tax,
32 roadway segments. Assessment Districts,
Redevelopment Funds,
Development Impact Fees,
Community Development
Block Grants, Exactions
Wastewater
Projects identified in the 2013 $35,872,344 $2,398,911 Development Impact Fees
Wastewater Master Plan. (37.14%)
Other (62.86%) User Fees
(Sewer Availability Fees), New
Development
Water
Projects identified in the 2012 $139,740,000 $7,814,703 Financing methods in include
Water Master Plan. Development Impact Fees,
Assessment Districts, Bonds and
Grants.
1 Facilities’ needs are based on a projected population of 59,564 residents within the Brawley City limits and SOI and the
City’s population-based standards for facilities. Needs may differ from those identified in the DIF Study due to
correspondence with City staff and updated population projections for Brawley since 2010.
2 DIF Study = Development Impact Fee Justification Study
N/A = not applicable
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Executive Summary
Page 1-2 August 2018
1.2 PUBLIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES
1.2.1 Administrative Facilities
Administrative facilities are centrally (and primarily) located in the City Hall Complex, which
provides office space for many of the administrative functions for the City. Many City
departments have offices in sites other than the City Hall Complex. Existing facilities include Public
Works Building, Development Services Building, City Hall Complex, Lions Center, Fire Station
No. 2 and Brawley Police Department. The square footage of both the City Council Chambers
and the City Hall Complex are above the City’s population-based standards, and the Public
Works/Engineering Building is below the City’s standard. Future recommendations for
administrative facilities include periodic review of facilities through the preparation of annual
reports to identify staffing and budgetary needs as City growth continues to increase the
demand of facilities and staff.
1.2.2 Flood Control/Drainage Facilities
The study area lies within the established jurisdictional boundaries of Imperial County and the
Imperial Irrigation District (IID) and is not designated by the National Flood Insurance Program
as being in a flood plain. The IID maintains hundreds of irrigation drainage structures, which
collect surface water runoff and subsurface drainage from thousands of miles of agriculture
drains and channels. The City’s drainage system is located within its urban area, and the City is
responsible for planning, construction, and maintenance of its system. Approximately half of the
City’s drainage system is currently combined with the City’s sewer system.
Most of the flat irrigated valley, with its low-lying canal/drain systems, is subject to minor,
shallow flooding and ponding. In addition, approximately half of the City’s drainage system is
currently combined with the City’s sewer system, which has caused the wastewater treatment
plant to overload during rainstorm events. Future development within the SOI may be required
to construct grass-lined detention basins, curbs and gutters, catch basins, and underground
storm drains, and may be required to relocate and underground the existing canals and drains.
Funding may be obtained from impact fees, assessment districts, development bonds, and
Mello Roos Districts. Funding responsibilities for project-related facilities would remain with the
developers and secured prior to construction.
Through 2030, it is recommended that the City continue to require that new development
projects address potential drainage issues and provide adequate facilities to convey storm flow.
If developments would drain into facilities of the City’s system, the developer would be required
to consult with the Department of Public Works to assure that improvements are engineered
and constructed to City standards. The City may choose to construct storm drain improvements
linking the study area to other developed areas in the City and may include storm drains, open
channels, detention basins, and outlets to IID facilities.
1.2.3 Fire Facilities
The City of Brawley provides fire suppression, fire protection, and emergency medical services
within the current City limits to both residential and commercial structures and to both citizens
and employees in Brawley. Currently, Imperial County contracts with the City to provide
personnel for fire suppression in the unincorporated area surrounding the City. The existing
Executive Summary CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 1-3
facilities include a main fire station and substation, four fire engines, two utility vehicles, one
ladder truck, one rescue vehicle, and a command vehicle. There are currently 18 fire department
staff and several call-paid reserves.
The current fire insurance classification for the City of Brawley continues to be appropriate;
however, the ratio of firefighters per 1,000 population is less than the recommended level. The
services provided by Imperial County to provide personnel for fire suppression in the
unincorporated area surrounding the City are not adequate to service the SOI. The following
facilities are below the City’s performance standards: main fire station, fire substation, fire
engine, ladder truck, rescue vehicle, utility vehicle, staff vehicle, and command vehicle.
Through the year 2030, the City’s future fire department demands will require an increase in
facilities by a total of 47,964 additional square feet allocated between a new fire station and
substations. In addition, two fire engines, two utility vehicles, one ladder truck, one rescue vehicle,
one staff vehicle, and one command vehicle will be needed to meet standards for the projected
2030 population. Lastly, based on a 2030 population of 59,564 residents, a total of 60 full-time
firefighters will be needed by the year 2030. It is recommended that the City pursue additional
finances to fund additional, personnel, equipment, and vehicles of the Fire Department and
to hire additional full-time firefighters to meet the City’s population-based standard of 1 firefighter
per 1,000 population.
1.2.4 Law Enforcement Facilities
The Brawley Police Department is the primary law enforcement agency serving residents of Brawley
within City boundaries. The Brawley Police Department operates out of one police station located
within the Civic Center. Sworn officers patrol the City and respond to reports of crime, requests for
law enforcement services and emergencies. Non-sworn personnel are responsible for graffiti
abatement, general labor, a number of administrative tasks and provide dispatch services for the
Brawley, Westmorland and Calipatria Police and Fire Departments. Existing facilities include: a
police station, 15 marked patrol cars, 17 police vehicle mobile radios, 1 police motorcycle radio, and
49 portable officer radios. The Brawley Police Department has 33 sworn officers, down from 35
following the loss of grant funds, and 14 fulltime and 3 part-time non-sworn personnel.
The Brawley Police Department has an average response time to priority calls within the City limits
of 7 minutes. Patrol staffing levels consist of one supervisor and four officers most days and nights;
however, staffing shortages frequently lower the number of on-duty sworn officers to a supervisor
and two officers at times. Population-based standards indicate the current staffing levels for sworn
officers and non-sworn personnel are currently deficient. The number of marked patrol cars, sworn
officers, portable vehicle radios, and patrol cars are not adequate to meet the City’s population-
based standards.
The demand for future facilities to meet the projected population-based needs in 2030 is significant.
The current footprint of the police department does not allow for future growth at a rate that
correlates with the projected population of 59,654 in 2030. Thought should be given to relocating
the police department to another city-owned site with sufficient room for growth capable of
accommodating the necessary increases in fleet and employee parking. City standards would
necessitate a 32,105 square-foot police facility to accommodate for the increase in population and
police services.
Police staffing allocations and deployment requirements is a complex endeavor which requires
consideration of an extensive series of factors and a sizeable body of reliable, current information.
The ratio of full time officers per 1,000 residents varies depending on a number of factors aside from
population. Based on the formula outlined in Table 4.4-1 Performance Standards – Law
Enforcement Facilities the police department staffing should include 89 full time officers and 44 non-
sworn personnel by the year 2030. This represents an increase of 56 sworn officers and 30 non-
sworn personnel. Additional marked patrol vehicles and unmarked vehicles would be required to
Executive Summary CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 1-7
service the community, which carry the accompanying requirement for additional equipment needs.
As development occurs within the City and through annexation, project applicants will be required
to evaluate their project’s fiscal impact on existing and future public safety services. Lastly, it is
recommended that the City obtain additional personnel and facilities to meet the existing and future
deficit identified according to the population-based standard for police services and facilities, and to
continue the periodic review of number of calls and response times to determine the adequacy of
existing service and any need for improvement or additional resources.
1.2.5 Library Facilities
The City of Brawley owns and operates a 6,515-square-foot library facility in Plaza Park near City
Hall that serves the entire population of the City of Brawley from one facility. Facilities at this
branch include 59,637 books and currently include three full-time and five part-time employees.
The Del Rio Branch Library, 2400 sq.ft is at 1501 I Street and is co-located on the ICOE Del Rio
School Site. None of the City’s standards for library facilities and required staffing levels are
currently being met.
Through the year 2030, the City’s future demand for library facilities includes an additional
5,514 square feet of public library space, 2,979 square feet of literacy space, and 4,468 square feet
of computer center space. With the expansion from 56,832 to 126,054 books, the City will meet its
population-based standard of 2 volumes per capita by 2030. A total of 21 additional full-time
staff will be needed by the year 2030.
The City of Brawley should periodically review the facilities and personnel of the library system
through the preparation of annual reports to identify staffing and budgetary concerns as City
growth continues to increase the demand on library facilities and staff. Also, the City should
continue to utilize General Fund revenue as the primary source for financing library services,
review the allocation of General Fund finances in light of the State recommendation that local
libraries receive 5% of local general fund resources, collect fees established in the DIF Study to
meet the library facilities’ demands for future development, apply for all possible library funding
opportunities from the State, and accept donations of money and/or supplies as a means of
augmenting library services while conserving allocated finances.
A 32-foot Literacy and Mobile Book Services Recreational Vehicle travels throughout Imperial
County. LAMBS is grant-funded through First Five Imperial and targets children aged 0-5, their
parents & care givers.
1.2.6 Parks and Recreation Facilities
The Department of Parks, Recreation, and Community Services is made up of four divisions:
Parks, Recreation, Senior Citizens, and Grounds and Facility Maintenance. The City also
provides local recreation programs and services for children, adults, and seniors at City facilities and
in conjunction with the local school districts. Existing facilities include 0.78 acre of Mini- Parks,
31.44 acres of Neighborhood Parks, 90.55 acres of Community Parks, and five Community
Center facilities totaling approximately 60,600 square feet. There are currently 9 full-time
employees and numerous part-time employees in the department.
Existing developed parkland acres and maintenance staffing levels are adequate for Community
Centers, Neighborhood Parks, Community Parks, and Developed Parkland; however, Mini
Parks do not meet the population-based standards per the 2010 Census population for Brawley.
Based on the City’s population-based standards with the projected population for 2030, an
additional 23,028 square feet of Community Center facilities is needed. Also, between 6.52 and
21.52 acres of additional Mini Parks and 70.33 acres of additional Developed Parkland would be
needed by 2030.
In addition to development impact fees, the City will encourage and, where appropriate, require the
Executive Summary CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 1-7
inclusion of recreation facilities and open space within future residential, industrial, and commercial
developments. The City will require the dedication of parkland, payment of an in lieu fee, or a combination
of both as a condition of new residential development pursuant to the Quimby Act and will continue the
use of assessment districts and Adopt-A-Park program to obtain and maintain parkland. Lastly, the City
will continue to require all new subdivisions to fund the development and maintenance of parks through
assessment districts and will continue to pursue joint-use opportunities with the Brawley School District
and the Brawley Union High School District
1.2.7 Circulation Facilities
The City of Brawley owns and maintains local public streets within the City, and Imperial County
owns and maintains local public roads in the unincorporated area. State Routes are owned and
maintained by the State within both the City and unincorporated areas. The circulation system
within the City is oriented in a north/south and east/west grid system. The City’s roadway types
include Expressway, Prime Arterial, Minor Arterial, Collector, Local Collector, Residential, Industrial
Collector, and Industrial Local roadways.
The City’s circulation facilities are generally found to operate at acceptable levels. Extension of
roadways and creation of additional roadways will be needed as development occurs within the City
limits and the SOI. As residential, commercial, and industrial development continue within the City
boundaries and SOI, the City will need to continue to upgrade and improve existing roadways
and create new roadways in order to maintain a service level that is in keeping with the goals
established in the City’s Circulation Plan.
The City of Brawley will continue to implement circulation system improvement projects included in
the DIF Study as needed by projected future development within the City and maintain a level of
service (LOS) C as a threshold standard to monitor the performance of community roadways. The
City will require the preparation of a traffic analysis for major development proposals to identify
potential impacts on the City circulation system and identify necessary physical improvements to
maintain LOS C, both for new onsite streets as well as existing offsite streets that will be impacted
by project traffic. As traffic volumes approach or exceed LOS C, the City will design improvements
to increase the capacity restriping, restricting on-street parking, improving signal timing, widening
intersections, and taking other appropriate measures. The City will also take actions to decrease
the demand for vehicular transportation, such as promoting transit service, bicycle, pedestrian, and
equestrian facilities.
1.2.8 Wastewater Facilities
The City of Brawley provides wastewater collection, treatment and disposal services from
residential, commercial, and industrial uses, and the City Public Works Department plans,
constructs, and maintains the sewage system, which includes a collection network of pipes and a
wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The City’s wastewater collection system is a gravity flow
system, approximately half of which is a combined sanitary and storm sewer system.
Currently, the City manages an existing sewer system that includes a 5.9-Million Gallon Per Day
(MGD) WWTP, three sewage pump stations, approximately 2.1 miles of forcemain, 77 miles of
gravity sewer pipeline, and approximately 1,440 manholes. The combined system is located
approximately between the borders of River Drive to the north, Best avenue to the east, Malan
Street to the south, and the western-most boundary, which abuts the New River. There are
hundreds of inlets throughout this area to collect stormwater runoff and discharge it to the sewer
system.
In addition to the sewer/combined system, the City also manages a separate storm drain
system. This system consists of approximately 17 miles of gravity pipeline, hundreds of inlets, 6
to 8 detention basins, three stormwater pump stations, and approximately 300 fee of forcemain.
In addition, the City has recently acquired the Bryant Drain from IID and will be undergrounding
Executive Summary CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 1-7
a portion of it. Most of the older portion of the system discharge to the New River at various
locations, while the newer systems discharge to individual detention basins sized for the 100-
year storm. Much of the runoff collected in these basins evaporates and infiltrates into the
ground, while a small pump stations pumps runoff to the nearest gravity storm system. It is
recommended that the City implement improvement projects in the upcoming 2013 Wastewater
Master Plan and the DIF Study as funds become available and as deemed necessary by the
Director of the Department of Public Works. The City must also ensure that the City’s WWTP
operation is in compliance with discharge requirements of the California Regional Water
Quality Control Board (RWQCB) Colorado River Basin Region 7.
1.2.9 Water Facilities
Currently, the City of Brawley (City) manages an existing water system that includes two
(2) raw water storage reservoirs, a water treatment plant (WTP), two (2) clearwell storage
tanks, a distribution water pump station located at the WTP, one treated water storage tank
with booster pump station, and approximately 100 miles of 2-inch to 36-inch water pipeline.
The City consists of one pressure zone and serves approximately 5,900 potable water service
connections.
The City purchases Colorado River water from the Imperial Irrigation District (IID) via the
All American Canal system and, ultimately, is supplied to the Water Treatment Plant via
the 19 MGD capacity Mansfield Canal. Raw water is treated at the City’s 15 MGD capacity
Water Treatment Plant, which can be modified or expanded to accommodate future growth.
The WTP’s power supply is backed up with a 1,000 kW diesel generator that has adequate
capacity and fuel to run the entire plant for 60 days.
The City currently has 40 MG of raw water storage and 6 MG of treated water storage
located at the Water Treatment Plant. In addition, they have a 3 MG treated water storage
tank located near the Airport. Currently, treated water is pumped to the City’s single pressure
zone via five (5) 4,000 gpm pumps located at the WTP. In addition, there are three (3)
1,600 gpm booster pump station that supplies water from the Airport tank. All residential
customers now have water meters along with many of the business/commercial customers.
Going forward, the City will require water meters on all new construction and development and
consider implementing a program to install meters on all existing water services. Once adopted,
the implementation of the improvement projects recommended in the updated Water Master
Plan and the DIF Study will be a priority as funds become available and as deemed necessary
by the Director of the Department of Public Works. Also, the City will continue to periodically
review the water rate and financing structure to assure adequate funding for the implementation
of new projects and the maintenance of existing facilities, as well as require that system
improvements conducted by the City or a private developer shall be designed to conform to
relevant Federal, State, and local regulations. Finally, the City will continue to promote water
conservation by requiring all new developments to install low-flow showers and toilets and may
implement a low-flow replacement program for showers and toilets in existing facilities.
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2.0 INTRODUCTION
2.1 BACKGROUND ON THE CITY OF BRAWLEY
The City of Brawley is located in the Imperial Valley of Imperial County, California,
approximately 13 miles north of Interstate (I-) 8 and the City of El Centro. Regional access to
Brawley is provided by State Route (SR-) 86 and SR-111, which extend north from I-8 and pass
through the City to connect with I-10 near the City of Coachella in Riverside County. SR-78 is
Main Street within the City and extends from San Diego County to connect with I-10 near the
City of Blythe in eastern Riverside County. The City and its Sphere of Influence (SOI) are not
adjacent to any other cities or areas of urban development, and the nearest such communities
are the cities of Westmorland approximately 6 miles to the northwest, Imperial approximately 6
miles to the south, and Calipatria approximately 8 miles to the north. There are residential,
commercial, and industrial land uses in the City, as well as public services such as schools,
parks, and City facilities. The current City and SOI boundaries, depicted on Figure 2.1, consist
of approximately 4,902 and 5,943 acres, respectively, for a combined total of approximately
10,845 acres.
The City provides an array of services including flood control, fire protection, emergency
medical care, law enforcement, library services, recreation and parks, maintenance of local
roadways, wastewater collection, treatment and disposal, water treatment and distribution, and
all City Hall services within the incorporated limits. These services will be provided to areas
within the SOI after they are annexed. The City already provides water and wastewater treatment
to some areas in the SOI.
The City’s General Plan provides a structure for development and planning within the City and
the City’s SOI. To guide planning within the area, the Land Use Element includes ten major land
use designations: Agriculture, Rural Residential, Low-Density Residential, Medium-Density
Residential, Commercial, Light Industrial/Business Park, Industrial, Public Facilities, Open
Space, and Special Study Areas. Master planning for City services is an ongoing process and is
intended to define facilities required to serve ultimate future development in accordance with the
City’s current General Plan. This Service Area Plan (SAP) is based on the recommended
facilities and cost estimates from the water master plan and wastewater master plans.
2.2 PURPOSE OF THE SERVICE AREA PLAN
This SAP has been prepared for the City in accordance with the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Local
Government Reorganization Act of 2000, which requires that such a plan identifying the existing
and projected demand for public facilities and services be prepared by all incorporated cities
and special districts within the State. The 2000 legislation is specifically implemented by the
Imperial County Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO), whose policy states that a SAP
must be implemented by a city within its jurisdiction prior to any formal annexation of land into
that city’s boundaries.
The City witnessed a substantial increase in land development activity between 2000 and
2010. After several years of recession, growth is once again picking up. In response, the City
has initiated studies and programs to plan for infrastructure and service improvements
necessary to accommodate new development. These studies and programs are described
below.
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August 2018 Page 2-1
Development Impact Fee Justification Study
A Development Impact Fee Justification Study (DIF Study; David Taussig & Associates 2010)
was prepared to enable the City to update its development impact fees and ensure that all new
development pays its “fair share” of the cost of new facilities required to meet the increased
demand for such facilities. The study ensures that the increased development impact fees
comply with the requirements of Assembly Bill (AB) 1600 (Government Code Section 66000 et
seq.) that there be a nexus between the amount of the fee and the public facility impact of the
developments on which the fees are imposed. The updated DIF Study is dated September 20,
2010.
Fiscal Impact Studies
The recent land development proposals received by the City have generally involved larger
developments, including specific plans for annexation of previously unincorporated property
that represent substantial population growth and demands for increased City, as well as County,
services. In response, the City requires Fiscal Impact Studies to determine whether revenue
from an increase in property tax and other sources would offset the cost to the City and County
of providing an increased level of public services.
Community Facilities Districts
In partial compensation for the increased cost of providing services and in accordance with the
Mello-Roos Community Facilities Act of 1982, the City has required the formation of a
Community Facilities District (CFD) for larger new developments in order to cover the annual
cost of increased City services. This has included the costs for maintenance of parks, pathways,
and open space; for increased police and fire protection services; and for other services unique
to the property within the CFD. These costs are a special tax on developed property that is
assessed on a per-dwelling-unit or per-acre basis for both residential and non-residential
developed properties, and they are collected annually. Typically, the CFDs enable a 2% per
year increase in the maximum special tax.
Public Facility Master Plans
The Public Facility Master Plan(s) will be updated as needed and are dependent upon the
amount of new development and not upon the adoption of the draft Development Impact Fee
Study and/or impact fees.
2.3 ORGANIZATION AND USE OF THE SERVICE AREA PLAN
This SAP outlines the City’s existing public services and facilities, estimates the current and
future anticipated demand for such facilities and services, and describes how necessary facilities
and services will or may be developed and extended to meet demands. The SAP is intended
to demonstrate the City’s intent and ability to provide adequate services to the SOI boundaries
at the time of annexation. An approximately 20-year planning horizon is used to forecast
growth, and the estimated demands and provision to meet demands are based on population
projections until 2030. The population projections used in this document between the years 2010
and 2030 were taken from housing and population projections included in the DIF Study,
prepared and submitted to the City by David Taussig and Associates, and the City’s General
Plan. The 2010 population was taken from the 2010 Census and the most recent numbers
are provided by the California Department of Finance.
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This document is organized into the following six chapters that satisfy the requirements set forth
in the LAFCO guidelines.
Chapter 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Provides a brief summary of the SAP, highlighting key
information regarding demand and financing.
Chapter 2.0 INTRODUCTION: Outlines the purpose and intent of the SAP and presents the
layout of the SAP to help the reader use the document. This chapter describes the background
of the City and he planning documents that enabled the preparation of the SAP.
Chapter 3.0 GROWTH PROJECTIONS: Provides general information about projected
population, current and future land use trends in the City and the City’s projected SOI, and the
implications of these trends for the development of City services and facilities.
Chapter 4.0 FACILITIES AND SERVICES: Details the current and planned facilities and
services, their current and projected adequacy, measures to ensure adequacy, and how such
measures will be achieved and financed. An analysis of the following facilities and services are
provided:
Administration
Flood Control/Drainage
Fire
Law Enforcement
Library
Parks and Recreation
Circulation
Wastewater
Water
Analysis for each public service and facilities area in the SAP is based on the standards
developed by LAFCO. Each subchapter of Chapter 4 contains the following sections:
Performance Standard: A description of any standards or goals that have been
adopted by the City to review the adequacy of services within existing and future
timeframes.
Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis: An inventory of the existing facilities, the
adequacy of the facilities when compared to existing demands, the anticipated demand
for facilities pursuant to growth of the City, and the phasing of the demand for facilities.
Financing: An explanation and identification of how services and facilities are currently
being funded and how future services and facilities may be funded.
Recommendation: A series of recommendations to ensure that adequate facilities will
be provided and that proper levels of service will be maintained.
Figures are provided within the various sections of Chapter 4 showing City maps and the
relationship of existing and planned facilities to anticipated growth within City boundaries and
the SOI.
Introduction CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 2-5
Chapter 5.0 FINANCING: Identifies all of the potential funding mechanisms for public services
and facilities provision that are available to the City.
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3.0 GROWTH AND PHASING PROJECTIONS
3.1 EXISTING LAND USE
The City includes a variety of residential, commercial, and industrial land uses, as well as public
services such as schools, parks, and City facilities. Vacant land designated for residential use
primarily exists in the southwestern part of the City, with smaller areas designated for residential
use in the north.
The City’s SOI boundary, according to the City’s General Plan, consists of approximately
5,666 acres outside the existing boundaries of the City. The SOI boundary is depicted on
Figure 2.1 and is generally defined as follows:
On the north by Baughman Road and Ward Road
On the west by Kalin Road
On the south by De Moulin Drive
On the east between County Road 8055 and Dietrich Road
Uses outside the City limits are primarily farmland or vacant land. Occasional commercial uses
such as farm equipment and services, and farm residences also occur within the SOI.
Agricultural operations include field crops such as alfalfa, bermudagrass, and sudangrass;
vegetable and melon crops such as lettuce, carrots, onions, and broccoli; and grazing land.
Other land uses in the existing SOI include a golf course (Del Rio Country Club) and the City’s
wastewater treatment plant; both are located north of the City near SR-111. A small residential
area, known as the Poe Colonia near SR-78/86 at Cady Road, is located west of the City.1
3.2 PLANNED LAND USE
Planned land uses in the City are governed by the provisions of the City of Brawley Zoning
Ordinance and are guided by the land use plan, and the goals and policies presented in the
City’s General Plan. By implementing the land use plan and the goals and policies of the
General Plan Land Use Element, the City dictates what type of land uses are allowed throughout
specific areas within its boundaries. The General Plan Land Use Element lists the following
land use designations: Agriculture, Rural Residential, Low-Density Residential, Medium-Density
Residential, Commercial, Light Industrial/Business Park, Industrial, Public Facilities, Open
Space, and Special Study Areas. Land use designations within the City and proposed SOI
boundaries per the City’s General Plan are shown in Figure 3.1.
Through the implementation of the General Plan and the application of the land use
designations, the City is able to foresee where and to what extent growth would occur within its
boundaries and the proposed SOI boundaries. Generally speaking, the City’s land use policy
encourages infill development within the boundaries of existing developed areas and/or vacant
lands instead of new development of agricultural lands in order to best utilize existing facilities
and services.
1 A colonia is defined by State and Federal housing guidelines as a residential area within 150 miles of
the U.S./Mexico border that has a concentration of low-income households and lacks a permanent
potable water supply and sewage system. The State provides block grant funds to assist local
communities in providing public services to colonias. Accordingly, the City has extended sewer and water
lines to serve the Poe Colonia.
Growth and Phasing Projections CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 3-1
This SAP anticipates that future growth and the increased demand for public services will occur
almost entirely within the area designated for urban land uses depicted on Figure 3.1. Much of
the City’s proposed SOI is designated Agricultural in the Brawley General Plan, but a variety of
other land use designations are also found in the proposed SOI including the following: Low
Density Residential, Medium Density Residential, Public Facilities, Commercial, Open Space,
Industrial, and Light Industrial. It is assumed that all of the land within the City’s proposed SOI
will one day be annexed into the City proper. The General Plan does not provide a specific
schedule for the annexation of land to the City.
Eight special study areas, as shown in Figure 3.2, are also identified in the General Plan: (1)
Luckey Ranch, (2) Rancho-Porter, (3) Villages of Sonata, (4) La Paloma, (5) East Village District
III, (6) Civic Center District I, (7) West Village District II, and (8) Gateway. The City will consider
the preparation of Specific Plans for these areas to ensure appropriate development in these
areas. Special study areas within the City may include City-approved master planned
developments, known as Approved Specific Plans; areas that include proposed large-scale
master planned developments that have not been approved, known as Proposed Specific
Plans; and areas that are intended to promote a mixture of commercial and residential uses in
central Brawley, known as the Downtown Overlay Districts. The Downtown Specific Plan was
adopted after the 2008 General Plan in 2010 and may add up to 150 new residential units or
4202 additional residents beyond the buildout projections of the General Plan for 2030.
3.3 PROJECTED POPULATION INCREASE
Between 2000 and 2010, the population in the City of Brawley increased by 2,901 persons (13.2
percent) for a total of 24,953 in 2010. During this same decade, the Imperial County population
grew by about 22 percent, by comparison. The 2010 population of 24,953 was taken from the
2010 Census. The California Department of Finance estimates that the population of
Brawley is 26,928 as of January 1, 2017.
The planning period for this Service Area Plan will include growth projections between 2010
through 2030. Population projections used in the Service Area Plan are derived from the City’s
2008 General Plan, dated September 2008. Based on the City’s General Plan, the expected
average household size is 3.74 for single family residential and 2.80 for multi-family residential.
The results of the 2030 projections are presented in Table 3.3.1. The estimated 34,611 new
residents expected by 2030, an increase of about 139 percent, results in a year 2030 population
estimate of 59,564 for the Brawley Planning Area.
Table 3.3-1 Population Growth Projections City of Brawley, 2010–2030
Residential Land Use Expected Expected Average
Residents Housing Units Household Size
Residential Single Family 21,432 5,735 3.74
Residential Multi-Family 13,179 4,702 2.80
Residential Total 34,611 10,437 3.32
Source: DIF Study, September 2010
2 Assuming 2.80 persons per multi-family household from the 2008 General Plan, 150 new residential
units would support an estimated 486 residents.
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3.4 BUILDOUT PROJECTIONS
Based on recent census data and growth studies, population growth within the City of Brawley
and its SOI over the 20-year planning period could reach 59,564 residents by 2030. Although
the General Plan Land Use Element (2008) estimates the buildout population of the Brawley
Planning Area to be approximately 60,542, this number is probably too optimistic considering
that development is not as aggressive as it was the last decade. Also, official 2010 census data
has since been released, confirming that the City did not experience growth at the anticipated
rate. With an anticipated growth of 34,611 new residents within the City limits and SOI over
the 20-year planning period, the 2030 population is expected to be slightly less than projected
in the 2008 General Plan, with 59,564 residents.
As discussed above, the City is projected to increase by 34,611 new residents (a 139%
increase over the 2010 population) by the year 2030. In the absence of other up-to-date
publications that show population projections, this SAP has analyzed future demand for City
services according to the projected population figures discussed above and included in the DIF
Study. As the SAP is periodically updated, the City will have the opportunity to alter the
population projections considered in such analysis should additional projections become
available.
Causes of growth typically involve a complex and varied relationship among several factors
including the national economy, new local employment opportunities, natural population
increase, public policies, and the local environment. All of these can influence the rate and
extent of growth, although economic and employment opportunities are generally considered
the most important factors. Future regional growth may be greatly influenced by opportunities
resulting from enhancement of the NAFTA between the U.S., Mexico, and Canada and by
construction of Mexico/U.S. border crossings.
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4.0 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES
The following sections provide a detailed account of the various public services and facilities
that are developed, maintained, and operated by the City. The sections cover facilities and
services for the City’s administration, flood control/drainage, fire, law enforcement, library, parks
and recreation, circulation, wastewater and water. For each of these facilities areas, an inventory
of existing facilities is given and performance standards are identified (where applicable) to
gauge the effectiveness and adequacy of the existing facilities.
Demands for future facilities are discussed relative to the projected growth outlined in Chapter
3, “Growth and Phasing Projections,” above. Where applicable, plans for future facilities are
discussed. Discussion is presented regarding the current funding methods for each facility’s
area and the prospective sources of funding that could be used in the future. Finally,
recommendations are presented that would aid the City in ensuring future adequacy and
efficiency.
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4.1 ADMINISTRATIVE FACILITIES
A majority of the City’s administrative facilities are centrally located in the City Hall Complex.
4.1.1 Performance Standards
Performance standards for administrative facilities are defined in terms of square feet per 1,000
population. The performance standards for the City of Brawley administrative facilities are
shown below in Table 4.1-1.
Table 4.1-1 Performance Standards – Administrative Facilities
Administrative Facility Standard
(square feet per 1,000 population)
Council Chambers 94
City Hall 173
Public Works/Engineering Building 469
4.1.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis
Inventory of Existing Facilities
Existing administrative facilities are located at 1505 Jones Street, 205 South Imperial Avenue,
351 Main Street, 400 Main Street, 180 South Western Avenue, and 383 Main Street. The
City Administration Building includes office space for the City Manager, City Clerk, and
Personnel & Risk Management. The City Hall complex includes the Development Services
Department, Finance Department, and Main Branch Library building. The City Hall Complex
also provides space for public access counters (such as for building permits, payment of fees
and taxes, etc.). The Brawley Council Chambers and Administrative Building are located at 383
Main Street.
Administrative personnel are supplemented periodically as needed by contract personnel.
Administrative personnel are responsible for public meeting agenda preparation, , grant
coordination, planning, building, public works, finance, and public safety functions. Table 4.1-
2 shows a summary of the existing administrative facilities.1
1 A 2,000-square-foot Building Inspection/Community Development Building is also a component of the
City’s Administrative Facilities; however, there are no population-based standards for this type of
building and it is not evaluated for adequacy.
Administrative Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.1-1
Table 4.1-2 Existing Administrative Facilities
Administrative Location Size
Facility (square feet)
Council Chamber 383 Main Street 4,000
City Hall Complex 400 Main Street 7,364
Public Works/ Engineering Building 180 South Western Avenue 10,343
Adequacy of Existing Facilities
To determine the adequacy of existing facilities, the 2010 Census population of 24,953 residents
was used to determine the population-based performance standard requirement for each
administrative facility. As shown below in Table 4.1-3, about 11,703 square feet of Public
Works/Engineering Building space is needed to serve the existing population; however, the City
currently provides 10,343 square feet of space, which is below the City’s standard. Existing
development devoted to the Council Chamber and City Hall Complex is above the City’s
standard and is adequate to serve the existing population.
Table 4.1-3 Adequacy of Existing Administrative Facilities
Administrative Requirement per Existing Above/Below
Facility Standard1 Space1 Standard
Council Chamber 2,531 4,000 Above
City Hall Complex 4,658 7,364 Above
Public Works/ Engineering Building 12,629 10,343 Below
1 Square feet based on population of 26,928 from Department of Finance 2017 Estimate.
Future Demand for Facilities
As discussed in the DIF Study, in order to serve future development through the year 2030 the
City identified the need for a City Hall Expansion (2,500 square feet) and a Public
Works/Engineering Building (20,000 square feet) to serve existing and future development
through 2030. The Public Works/Engineering Building is a new facility that would replace
the existing Public Works/Engineering Building Table 4.1-4 shows the future requirement for
administrative facilities per the City’s standards to serve future development within the
City through the year 2030.
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Table 4.1-4 Adequacy of Future Administrative Facilities
Requirement
Additional Existing +
Administrative per City Above/Below
Existing Resources from Additional
Facility Standard Standard
DIF Resources
(2030)1
Council Chamber 5,599 4,000 -- 4,000 Below
City Hall Complex 10,305 7,364 2,500 9,864 Below
Public Works/ 27,936 10,343 20,000 30,343 Above
Engineering Building
1 Requirement based on projected 2030 population of 59,564.
Opportunities for Shared Facilities
Creating a centrally located area to house various administrative facilities will allow for a more
efficient operation of administrative services.
Phasing
The City’s plans for expansion include the addition of 2,500 square feet at the City Hall
Complex and a new Public Works/Engineering Building.
4.1.3 Funding
Current Funding
Although the City Hall Complex expansion and the Public Works/Engineering Building are both
unfunded in the CIP, the DIF Study indicates that development fees would finance
approximately 50.5% of the costs associated with the future demand within the City for
administrative facilities as a result of development within the City through the year 2030. The
remaining 49.5% of the costs of facilities within the City will be funded through other sources,
including $27,156 in existing AB 1600 general government fund monies.
Sources for administrative facilities and services include development impact fees, grants, and
general fund monies. The first priority is to utilize grants, when available, and development
impact fees. General fund monies, such as property taxes, sales taxes, business license fees,
utility taxes, and transient occupancy taxes, may be used as a second priority to
development impact fees and grants. The current utility tax will sunset in 2023.
Cost Avoidance Opportunities
Creating a single, centrally located area to house various administrative facilities may help avoid
any duplicative costs currently incurred as a result of the administrative facilities being located in
more than one location.
Administrative Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.1-3
Future Funding Sources/Recommended Funding
The City will continue to collect fees stipulated in the DIF Study and other sources of revenue
for administrative facilities and services, including general taxes.
4.1.4 Recommendations
In order for the City to provide to its residents adequate administrative services and to assure
that future demands for facilities are properly identified and addressed, the City will implement
the following measures.
Continue to periodically review the administrative facilities of the City through the
preparation of annual reports. Such review will identify staffing and budgetary concerns
as City growth continues to increase the demand on facilities and staff.
Consider sharing additional facilities as the City’s administration facilities expand.
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4.2 FLOOD CONTROL/DRAINAGE FACILITIES
Flood control refers to planning, design, construction, and maintenance of flood control facilities
to safely convey drainage, whether natural or human-made, through a development area to an
existing watercourse downstream. The study area lies within the established jurisdictional
boundaries of Imperial County and the Imperial Irrigation District (IID). The City of Brawley is not
within a flood plain, as designated by the National Flood Insurance Program.
4.2.1 Performance Standards
The City’s standards are similar to those utilized by the County. During the review of proposed
development projects, the City will assess drainage conditions of the project site and require the
construction of necessary drainage infrastructure. The City will require developers to construct
all drainage facilities within each project as a condition of approval. The City will also assess the
potential of a project to adversely affect offsite drainage and require mitigation measures where
needed. The City will follow a regular maintenance schedule for the drainage facilities once they
are approved and accepted. Consideration will be given to development phasing to assure that
drainage facilities are installed in an orderly manner to prevent flooding upstream or
downstream of the project.
In order to provide storm runoff protection for downstream properties, drainage improvements
will detail appropriate portions of this flow, releasing runoff in accordance with IID standards.
The IID allows a single 12-inch discharge pipe for every 160 acres drained. Prior to the approval
of each final subdivision map, grading plan, or implementing permit, a drainage study will be
conducted by a Registered Civil Engineer and submitted for review and approval by the City of
Brawley and IID.
4.2.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis
Inventory of Existing Facilities
Local drainage patterns within the valley have been altered through agricultural activities. The
water used to irrigate virtually the entire Imperial Valley originates from the Colorado River. The
IID maintains hundreds of irrigation drainage structures, which collect surface water runoff and
subsurface drainage from some thousands of miles of agriculture drains and channels that flow
into the New River and Alamo River, which ultimately drain into the Salton Sea. The canals and
laterals are often open and unprotected.
The City’s drainage system is located within its urban area, and the City is responsible for
planning, construction, and maintenance of its system. Approximately half of the City’s drainage
system is currently combined with the City’s sewer system. The areas of the drainage system
that are combined with the City’s sewer system are generally located in older sections of the
City.
Adequacy of Existing Facilities
Most of the flat irrigated valley, with its low-lying canal/drain systems, is subject to minor,
shallow flooding and ponding due to the lack of local topographic relief, occasional intense
storm events, and low soil infiltration rates that produce rapid runoff flows. The combination of
the City’s drainage system with the City’s sewer system has caused the wastewater treatment
plant to overload during rain storm events. The City of Brawley desires to separate the storm
Flood Control/Drainage Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.2-1
drain system from the sanitary sewer to avoid occurrences of insufficiently treated outfalls at the
wastewater treatment plant and to direct the conveyance of the storm drainage to a safe outlet.
The IID limits the outfall capacity of its drainage system in order to reduce downstream flooding
potential from combined agricultural and storm runoff until IID can complete the process of
preparing a Preliminary Master Drainage Plan.
Future Demand for Facilities
Future development proposals within the City’s SOI may be required to construct grass or
rock-lined detention basins to retain storm water generated by the 100-year/24-hour storm until
after offsite peak flows have passed the project area. Storm runoff will be discharged through
appropriately sized outfall structures into existing drains upon IID approval. Basins may be
located within development projects or other maintained open spaces, including airport buffer
zones. Other improvements will include curbs and gutters to convey surface flows in an
orderly and easily maintained manner, and catch basins and underground storm drains to
convey flows as the street capacities are exceeded. Future developments may be required
to relocate and underground the existing canals and drains within their project areas to the
satisfaction of the IID.
Opportunities for Shared Facilities
The La Paloma Specific Plan includes retention basins, which may be used as a park.
Phasing
The City will require developers to construct all drainage facilities once they are approved and
accepted. Consideration will be given to development phasing to assure that drainage facilities
are installed in an orderly manner to prevent flooding upstream or downstream of the project.
As new development occurs, the City will require the developers within the area to plan, fund,
and install all public drainage improvements associated with the project. The City may choose to
construct storm drain improvements linking the study area to other developed areas in the City.
These improvements may include storm drains, open channels, detention basins, and outlets to
IID facilities. The City assumes responsibility for installation and maintenance of those facilities.
The City will require drainage facilities to be installed as development proceeds in newly
annexed areas. The changes in service level within the newly annexed areas will include the
following:
Street improvements will include curb and gutter to convey surface flows in an orderly
and easily maintained manner.
Catch basins and underground storm drains will be installed to convey flows as the
street capacities are exceeded.
Detention basins will be constructed to control the developed run-off, help mitigate
downstream drainage problems, and replenish ground water supplies where possible.
To maintain low flood hazards, the City will continue to discourage development in the New
River flood channel (see Figure 4.2.1). As indicated on the Land Use Policy Map in the General
Plan Land Use Element and in the Open Space/Recreation Element, the New River channel is
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Flood Control/Drainage Facilities
Page 4.2-2 August 2018
generally designated as Open Space (see Figure 4.2.2). Development of the land under the
Open Space designation will be limited to passive and active recreational uses. To keep flood
hazards minimal, the development intensity allowed under the Open Space category is very low
and no residential uses are allowed.
4.2.3 Funding
Current Funding
Funding may be obtained from impact fees, assessment districts, development bonds, Mello
Roos Districts, or other techniques for capital improvement financing. The City may also exercise
some flexibility in determining alternative financing mechanisms for projects that benefit the
community. The City may reduce or waive particular development impact fees or use bonding to
fund infrastructure improvements within new developments. Staffing and maintenance costs for
expanded flood control services will be financed by the City similar to the manner in which these
services are presently funded.
Cost Avoidance Opportunities
There are no cost avoidance opportunities.
Future Funding Sources/Recommended Funding
Funding responsibilities for project-related facilities will remain with developers and will be
secured prior to construction.
4.2.4 Recommendations
In order for the City to assure adequate flood control/drainage facilities within its boundaries as
development continues within the City boundaries and within the SOI, the City will implement
the following measures.
Continue to require that new development projects address potential drainage issues
and provide adequate facilities to convey storm flow. If a development proposal would
result in drainage into the City’s system, the City would require that the developer
consult with the Department of Public Works to assure that improvements are
engineered and constructed to City standards.
The City may choose to construct storm drain improvements linking the study area to other
developed areas in the City. These improvements may include storm drains, open channels,
detention basins, and outlets to IID facilities.
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4.3 FIRE FACILITIES
The City of Brawley provides fire suppression, fire protection, and emergency medical services
within its city limits. Fire suppression involves use of personnel and equipment to respond to
fires and emergencies. Fire prevention is accomplished through a pro-active program of
inspections, code enforcement, and public education. Also, the City participates in a “call-paid”
firefighters system, which is an on-call system of part-time firefighters. Emergency medical
services entails pre-hospital medical care provided to victims of accidents or sudden illness.
Currently, Imperial County contracts with the City to provide manpower for fire suppression in
the SOI, and the County provides fire engines for this contractual service. The sum of residents
and employees within the Brawley city limits is considered the service population for the
Brawley Fire Department facilities.
4.3.1 Performance Standards
Performance standards for fire services are defined in terms of response times of department
personnel to fire and medical emergency calls. The adopted response time for daylight and
nighttime personnel is 5 minutes or less. As a result, a 1.5-mile maximum response distance for
emergency calls has been established. All apparatus will respond with at least two personnel for
minor incidences and four personnel (at a minimum) for incidences of greater emergency
concern.
The performance standard for staffing is 1 firefighter per 1,000 population. Within an existing
population of approximately 26,928, ideal staffing would provide a total of 27 full-time
firefighters. Minimum recommended shift-staffing levels should provide 5 personnel per shift.
Table 4.3-1 shows the performance standards for Fire Department facilities.
Table 4.3-1 Performance Standards – Fire Facilities
Fire Facility Standard per 1,000 population
Main Fire Station 504 square feet
Fire Substation 807 square feet
Firefighter 1 firefighter
Fire Engine 0.141 engine
Ladder Truck 0.047 truck
Rescue Vehicle 0.047 vehicle
Utility Vehicle 0.094 vehicle
Staff Vehicle 0.046 vehicle
Command Vehicle 0.046 vehicle
4.3.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis
Inventory of Existing Facilities and Staff
The City of Brawley Fire Department maintains two fire stations within the City. The Main Fire
Station (Station #1) is located just west of the railroad at 815 Main Street. The 10,119-square-
foot station on Main Street occupies a 29,520-square-foot site. In addition to engine storage and
staff quarters, Fire Department administration is handled out of Fire Station #1. The
Fire Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.3-1
Department’s Fire Substation (Station #2), is located east of the railroad at 1505 Jones Street
and consists of approximately 8,500 square feet. The City Fire Department maintains a 24-hour
coverage. Station 1 has a crew of 4 firefighters, three full time firefighters and one call-paid
firefighter. Station 2 has a crew of three full time firefighters. with a three-man shift at each
station consisting of two full-time and one call-paid firefighters. Firefighting trucks and vehicles
are shared between both stations, although specific facilities are housed at one primary station.
Table 4.3-2 provides a summary of the existing Fire Department’s facilities.
Table 4.3-2 Existing Fire Facilities
Fire Facility Main Fire Station Fire Substation
(Station #1) (Station #2)
Fire Station 10,119 square feet 8,500 square feet
Firefighter (Full-Time)1 4 3
Fire Engine 3 1
Ladder Truck 0 1
Rescue Vehicle 1 0
Utility Vehicle 1 1
Staff Vehicle 1 0
Command Vehicle 0 1
1 The City maintains one Fire Chief and several call-paid reserves, both of which contribute to the
provision of fire suppression services; however, there are established service requirement standards
that apply to full-time firefighters and their adequacy is not evaluated. Fire Station #1 is staffed with
three full-time and one call-paid firefighters each shift, and Fire Station #2 is staffed with three full-time
firefighters.
According to Fire Department staff, mutual aid agreements have been established with all cities
in the County to address incidents requiring equipment/personnel beyond the City Fire
Department’s capacity to respond. These agreements result in dispatch of the closest unit
available to respond upon request for services. The primary agency providing assistance is the
City of Calipatria, which is located approximately 10 miles north. Estimated response time from
Calipatria station is approximately 15 minutes.
Adequacy of Existing Facilities and Staff
The Insurance Services Office, Commercial Risk Services, Inc. (ISO) evaluates each fire district
nationwide and rates the district according to its firefighting services, water availability, and
other factors relevant to fire protection and requires minimum water pressure standards. In
addition, a National Fire Protection Association provides recommendations for the siting of
stations. As a result, a 1.5-mile maximum response distance for emergency calls has been
established. Within the City’s boundary, the ISO rating is 4 (Luckey Ranch Draft EIR 1999). The
rating system utilizes a 0–10 scale; areas of lower fire risk received the lowest rating. Per a
letter dated October 20, 2004, from the ISO Community Outreach Program, the current fire
insurance classification for the City of Brawley continues to be appropriate.
As shown below in Table 4.3-3, current fire suppression facilities are below the City’s adopted
population-based standards, which indicate that existing fire protection resources are
underserved within the City. Also, the Fire Department’s current staffing level does not meet the
City’s performance standard of 1 firefighter per 1,000 population. The City should ideally have
27 firefighters to service its existing population of 26,928, but currently only maintains 18
firefighters. The services provided by Imperial County to provide manpower for fire suppression
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Fire Facilities
Page 4.3-2 August 2018
in the unincorporated area surrounding the City are adequate to service the SOI, and the City
provides firefighters to Imperial County per the mutual aid agreement. The adequacy of existing
facilities and staff is presented below in Table 4.3-3 and is based on the City’s 2017 Department
of Finance estimated population of 26,928 residents.
Table 4.3-3 Adequacy of Existing Fire Facilities and Staff
Existing
Fire Facility Requirement Per Above/Below
City Standard1 Standard
Main Fire Station 13,571 square feet 10,119 square feet Below
Fire Substation 21,730 square feet 8,500 square feet Below
Firefighter (Full-Time) 27 18 Below
Fire Engine 3.80 4 Above
Ladder Truck 1.27 1 Below
Rescue Vehicle 1.27 1 Below
Utility Vehicle 2.53 2 Below
Staff Vehicle 1.24 1 Below
Command Vehicle 1.24 1 Below
1 Requirement based on population of 26,928 from the 2017 Department of Finance Estimates.
Future Demand for Facilities and Staff
Increased development within the City and SOI boundaries will continue to increase the need
for fire protection services, including personnel and equipment. Current plans suggest that the
majority of both residential and employment growth will occur in peripheral growth areas east of
the railroad tracks and outside the 1.5-mile service radius of the existing fire stations. Service to
development within the radius may be interrupted by delays and blockages on the railroad
tracks; however, fire protection coverage east of the tracks is served by the Fire Substation (Fire
Station #2). According to Chief Peraza, additional facilities to serve future development through
the year 2030 should include two additional fire substations ranging in size between 7,000 and
8,000 square feet each, and includes fire apparatus floor, living quarters, and offices. Each
station should be staffed with three or four firefighters. Table 4.3-4 shows the future required fire
facilities and staffing levels to serve future development within the City and SOI through the year
2030, which are projected to be below the City’s population-based standards.
Fire Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.3-3
Table 4.3-4 Adequacy of Future Fire Facilities
Requirement
Additional Existing +
per City Above/Below
Fire Facility Existing Resources from Additional
Standard Standard
DIF Resources
(2030)1
Main Fire Station
2
Below
30,020 sf 10,119 sf 21,484 sf 21,484 sf
(Replacement)
Fire Substation 48,068 sf 8,500 sf 26,480 sf3 34,980 sf Below
Firefighter (Full-
60 18 0 18 Below
Time)
Fire Engine 8.40 4 2 6 Below
Ladder Truck 2.80 1 1 2 Below
Rescue Vehicle 2.80 1 1 2 Below
Utility Vehicle 5.60 2 1 3 Below
Staff Vehicle 2.74 0 2 2 Below
Command Vehicle 2.74 1 0 1 Below
1 Requirement based on p rojected 2030 population of 59,564.
2 The 21,484-square-foot Main Fire Station would replace the existing Main Fire Station (Station #1).
3 Includes two 7,500 square foot substation needs indicated by Chief Peraza in addition to 11,480 sf
identified in the DIF Study.
Opportunities for Shared Facilities
Mutual aid agreements have been established with cities in the County to address incidents
requiring equipment/personnel beyond the City Fire Department’s capacity to respond. There
are no opportunities to share facilities with any of the jurisdictions that maintain mutual aid
agreements with the City.
Phasing
As noted above, the CIP identifies future improvements between FY 2011/2012 and 2020/2021
related to fire protection services, which specifies anticipated projects for each fiscal year. The
City has informal plans for a new main fire station located at the intersection of Cesar Chavez
and Malan Streets behind Hidalgo School.
4.3.3 Funding
Current Funding
The City’s Fire Department receives funding from General Fund and Development Impact Fees.
Additional sources of revenue for fire protection services include Mello-Roos community facilities
tax, special tax for fire services, and grants.
Per Capita Costs
For FY2016/2017, the Brawley City Council approved an operating budget of $2,869,001
for fire facilities, which includes funding for supplies and materials, services, and employee
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Fire Facilities
Page 4.3-4 August 2018
compensation. Considering a City population of 26,928 from the 2017 Department of Finance
estimate, the current per capita operating cost is approximately $106.54.
Future Funding Costs
Projecting the $106.54 per capita fire facilities operating cost over the planning period for
the SAP, the fire facilities operating cost would require approximately $6,345,948 by 2030
to support the projected population of 59,564 residents. This projection is in FY 2016/2017
dollars and does not account for inflation.
Cost Avoidance Opportunities
There are no opportunities to reduce costs.
Recommended Funding/Future Funding Sources
Development impact fees are expected to finance 57.94% of the fire facilities demands
discussed in the DIF Study for future development within the City through 2030. The remaining
42.06% of the fire facilities also discussed in the DIF Study will be funded through other
sources. Additional sources of revenue for fire protection facilities may include general taxes
(i.e., property, sales, use, business license, utility users, transient occupancy, etc.), motor
vehicle license fee, benefit assessment, and exactions. Staffing and maintenance costs for
expanded fire protection and emergency response services will be financed by the City general
fund, similar to the manner in which these services are presently funded by the City. Additional
sources of revenue for fire protection services include Mello-Roos community facilities tax,
special tax for fire services, and grants.
The City believes future development will increase sales and property taxes, and therefore help
to pay for previous and existing inadequacies in its firefighting capacity. Increases in sales and
property taxes will also help provide for future facilities and operations. In addition to increased
sales and property taxes from future development, Community Facility Districts (CFDs) may be
used for new developments. CFDs can provide funding for fire facilities and operations.
4.3.4 Recommendations
In order for the City to assure adequate fire and emergency response service within its boundaries
as development continues within the City boundaries and within the proposed SOI, the City will
implement the following measures.
Pursue additional finances to fund additional, personnel, equipment, and vehicles of the
Fire Department.
Hire additional full time firefighters to meet the City’s ideal standard of 1 firefighter per
1,000 population.
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August 2018 Page 4.3-5
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CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Fire Facilities
Page 4.3-6 August 2018
4.4 LAW ENFORCEMENT FACILITIES
The Brawley Police Department provides law enforcement and investigation services within the
city limits, and the Imperial County Sheriff provides law enforcement in the City’s SOI, in
addition to custodial services (County jail facilities) for city and non-city areas. The California
Highway Patrol provides traffic law enforcement on State Routes and unincorporated County
roads. Mutual aid agreements exist with other Imperial Valley municipalities, which can provide
assistance during an emergency.
4.4.1 Performance Standards
Performance standards for police services are defined in terms of response times of department
personnel to law enforcement and emergency calls. The average response time for all calls
is within 7 minutes or less. Minimum staffing for existing coverage is four sworn officers at all
times of the day and night.
The performance standard for staffing is 1.5 sworn officers per 1,000 population and 1 non-
sworn employee for every 2 sworn officers. Within an existing population of approximately
26,928, ideal staffing would provide a total of 40 sworn officers and 20 non-sworn officers.
Table 4.4-1 provides the performance standards for Police Department facilities from the 2010
DIF Study.
Table 4.4-1 Performance Standards – Law Enforcement Facilities
Law Enforcement Facility Standard (per 1,000 population)
Police Station 519 square feet
Marked Patrol Car 0.685 car
Sworn Officer 1.5 officers
Portable Vehicle Radio 1 per vehicle
Portable Officer Radio 1 per officer
Note: One non-sworn officer is required for every 2 sworn officers
4.4.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis
Inventory of Existing Facilities and Staff
The existing police station on Main Street near the intersection of Main and 3rd Streets
encompasses 13,800 square feet. In 2013, the construction of a new 2,000 square foot
Emergency Operations Center (EOC) was completed and integrated with the existing building.
The Brawley Police Department has 33 general fund sworn officer postitions, 14 non-sworn
officer and 3 temporary non-sworn emplyee positions.
The Patrol Division works a 6-day, 12-hour shifts and 1-day, 8 hour shift each pay period to
provide 24-hour coverage. Parking and maintenance of Police Department vehicles is provided
at the main lot adjacent to the police station and at a nearby secondary lot located west of the
station.
Law Enforcement Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.4-1
Mutual aid agreements exist with other Imperial Valley municipalities. According to City staff, the
City maintains an agreement with the Office of Emergency Services for 911 service calls as
needed. In addition, Imperial County’s Sheriff’s Department provides the City of Brawley SWAT
services as needed through its Homicide Task Force Agreement. Table 4.4-2 provides a
detailed list of the police department’s existing facilities and personnel.
Table 4.4-2 Existing Law Enforcement Facilities
Law Enforcement Facility/Equipment Amount/Size
Police Station 13,800 square feet
Marked Patrol Car 15
Marked Transport Van 1
Marked Motorcycle 1
Marked Utility Truck 1
Police Vehicle Mobile Radio 17
Portable Officer Radio 49
Sworn Officers Amount
Chief of Police 1
Commander 2
Sergeant 4
Detective Sergeant 1
Detective 2
Narcotics Officer 2
School Resource Officer 1
Police Officer 21
Total Sworn Officers 33
Non-Sworn Officers 17
Adequacy of Existing Facilities and Staff
The Brawley Police Department currently responds to emergency calls within the City limits
within 7 minutes or less for all other calls for service. The department maintains this performance
level by providing dispatch services from the Police Station for all of the officers working in
the field on a continual basis. This frequently results in response times listed above. The
adequacy of existing facilities and staff, based on the Department of Finance estimated
population from the 2017 report of 26,928, is presented below in Table 4.4-3.
Table 4.4-3 Adequacy of Existing Law Enforcement Facilities
Law Enforcement Requirement per Above/Below
Facility City Standard1 Existing Standard
Police Station 13,975 square feet 11,800 square feet Below
Marked Patrol Car 18 15 Below
Sworn Officer 40 33 Below
Non-Sworn Officer 20 17 Below
Portable Vehicle Radio 18 17 Standard
Portable Officer Radio 40 49 Above
1 Requirement based on the 2017 Department of Finance estimated population of 26,928.
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Law Enforcement Facilities
Page 4.4-2 August 2018
Future Demand for Facilities and Staff
The City will require additional staff and facilities to provide adequate services to the City as the
population increases through internal growth and annexation of the City’s SOI. Based on the
City’s 2030 population of 59,564, Table 4.4-4 shows the adequacy of existing plus planned law
enforcement facilities that will be needed for the City to provide adequate law enforcement and
police protection services per their performance standards.
Table 4.4-4 Adequacy of Future Law Enforcement Facilities
Requirement
per City Additional Existing +
Law Enforcement Standard Resources Additional Above/Below
Facility (2030)1 Existing from DIF Resources Standard
Police Station 32,105 sf 11,800 sf 12,000 sf 23,800 Below
Marked Patrol Car 26 15 8 22 Below
Sworn Officer 90 33 0 35 Below
Non-Sworn Officer 45 17 0 17 Below
Portable Vehicle Radio 26 17 8 26 Standard
Portable Officer Radio 90 49 14 62 Below
1 Requirement based on projected 2030 population of 59,564.
As shown above, the overall size of the police stations in Brawley would not meet the population-
based performance standard based on the projected population in 2030 with implementation of
the improvements identified in the City’s DIF Study. There are early plans for a new police station
identified in the CIP; however, specifics are unknown at this time regarding costs and location.
While below the current population-based standard, the Brawley Police Department estimates
that the size of the existing police station will be inadequate by 2018.
Although additional resources for marked patrol cars, sworn and non-sworn officers, portable
vehicle radios, and portable officer radios are not identified in the DIF Study, the City’s CIP
includes funding for police vehicles from the City’s General Fund at a rate of four new vehicles
per year. The CIP includes portable vehicle and officer radios in FY 2013/2014; however,
these improvements are currently unfunded.
Additional resources will be needed in addition to what is identified in the DIF Study in order to
maintain City standards; also, as additional growth and/or areas within the SOI are annexed, the
City would have to add sufficient resources to the police department to respond to increased
demand. The requirements for facilities, personnel, equipment, etc., depend on the actual
development timeline for each annexation area in the SOI. As the City grows and expands
through annexation, development project applicants will be required to evaluate their project’s
fiscal impact on existing and future public safety services.
Opportunities for Shared Facilities
The City’s narcotics operations are conducted via a County-wide task force and operate from a
shared facility in the City of Imperial.
Law Enforcement Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.4-3
Phasing
As noted above, the CIP identifies future improvements between FY 2011/2012 and 2020/2021
related to police protection services, which specifies anticipated projects for each fiscal year.
4.4.3 Funding
Future Funding
As development occurs within the City and through annexation, development project applicants
will be required to evaluate their project’s fiscal impact on existing and future public safety
services. Mitigation for these fiscal impacts will be determined on a case-by-case basis and may
include general taxes (i.e., property, sales, use, business license, utility users, transient
occupancy, etc.), Mello-Roos community facilities assessments, special tax for police services,
and development impact fees and exactions.
The fees established in the DIF Study are expected to finance 56.81% of the police facilities
identified for future development within the City through 2030, while the remaining 43.19% of
the net costs of facilities will be funded through other sources. The current development impact
fee assumes that existing space in the police station could be renovated to accommodate new
police officers and equipment needed to serve some of the projected future growth.
The City believes future development will increase sales and property taxes, and therefore help
to pay for previous and existing inadequacies in its law enforcement capacity. Also, increases in
sales and property taxes will help provide for future facilities and operations. In addition to
increased sales and property taxes from future development, CFDs may be used for new
developments. CFDs can provide funding for law enforcement facilities and operations.
Per Capita Costs
For FY 2016/2017, the Brawley City Council approved an operating budget of $5,915,508
for police protection services. Considering a City population of 26,928 from the 2017 Dept. of
Finance estimate, the current per capita operating cost is approximately $221.91.
Future Funding Costs
Projecting the $221.91 per capita police operating cost over the planning period for the SAP,
the police operating cost would require approximately $13,217,847 by 2030 to support the
projected population of 59,564 residents. This projection is in FY 2016/2017 dollars and does
not account for inflation.
4.4.4 Recommendations
In order for the City to assure adequate law enforcement service within its boundaries as
development continues within the City boundaries and within the SOI, the City will implement
the following measures.
Obtain additional personnel and facilities to meet the existing and future deficit identified
according to the performance standard for services and facilities.
Continue the periodic review of number of calls and response times to determine the
adequacy of existing service and any need for improvement or additional resources.
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Law Enforcement Facilities
Page 4.4-4 August 2018
4.5 LIBRARY FACILITIES
The City of Brawley owns and operates a City library facility in Plaza Park near City Hall that
serves the entire population of the City of Brawley from one facility. Services provided by the
library include: circulation of library materials to all patrons; reference service, including
telephone reference service; audio visual services, including recorded books and DVD’s;
Spanish language books; book reservations; inter-library loan service; and special children’s
programming including school class visits, story hours, movies, and craft programs. A branch
facility located at 1501 I Street offers the same service with the addition of adult literacy programs.
4.5.1 Performance Standard
Performance standards for library services are defined in terms of square feet and employees
per 1,000 population, and library book standards were established at a per capita ratio of two
books per resident. Performance standards for Library facilities are shown below in Table 4.5-1.
Table 4.5-1 Performance Standards – Library Facilities
Standard
Library Facility (per 1,000 population)
Public Library Building 327 square feet
Satellite Library Branch 58.6 square feet
Literacy Space 0.05 square foot
Computer Center Space 0.075 square foot
Full-Time Employee1 0.5 employee
Library Books 2,938 books (2 per capita)
1 For populations of 10,000–25,000 the standard is one full-time employee (FTE) per
2,000 population. One-third of the FTE should be professional and two-thirds should
be support.
4.5.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis
Inventory of Existing Facilities
The City of Brawley owns and operates a 6,515-square-foot City library facility located at 400
Main Street and the Del Rio Branch Library located at 1501 I Street. The Brawley Public Library
currently has 3 full-time employees and 5 part-time employees for an aggregate of 5.5 FTE. Of
the 3 full-time FTE, 1 is professional and 2 are support. The 5 part-time support staff includes
only support personnel. Table 4.5-2 provides a detailed list of the existing Library facilities
detailed in the 2010 DIF Study.
Library Facilities City of Brawley Service Area Plan
August 2018 Page 4.5-1
Table 4.5-2 Existing Library Facilities
Library Facility/Equipment Amount/Size
Brawley Public Library 6,515 sf
Del Rio Branch Public Library 2,400 sf
LAMBS1 Vehicle (Bookmobile) 1
Library Books 59,637 ( total in both
branches)
Library Employees Amount
Full-Time 42
Part-Time 5
Total Employees 9
1
Literacy and Mobile Book Services
2 Of the 4 full-time staff, 2 are professional and 2 are support.
The Literacy and Mobile Book Services (LAMBS) vehicle only targets children aged 0–5 and
their parents and caregivers, and does not offer general services. The services and materials
are limited to pre-literacy and parenting funded through two grants. There are three full-time
people who are paid from grants. The vehicle travels throughout all of Imperial County and
include visits to Ocotillo, Winterhaven, Calexico, and Salton City. Less than 10% of its program
time is within Brawley’s borders. The general fund is not used at all for this service.
Adequacy of Existing Facilities and Staff
As shown below in Table 4.5-3, current library facilities are below the City’s adopted population-
based standards, which indicates that existing resources are underserved within the City. The
adequacy of existing facilities and staff is presented below in Table 4.5-3 and is based on the
City’s 2017 population from Department of Finance estimate of 26,928 residents.
Table 4.5-3 Adequacy of Existing Library Facilities and Staff
Requirement per Above/Below
Library Facility City Standard1 Existing Standard
Public Library Building 8,805 sf 6,515 sf Below
Satellite Library Building 1,178 sf 2,400 sf Above
Library Books 79,114 books 56,832 books Below
Library Staff 13 staff 8 staff Below
Literacy Space 1,248 sf -- Below
Computer Center Space 1,872 sf -- Below
1 Requirement based on population of 26,928 from the 2017 Department of Finance Estimate.
Future Demand for Facilities and Staff
Increased development within the City boundaries and the SOI will present an increased
demand on the personnel, services, and facilities of the public library. As growth continues, the
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Library Facilities
Page 4.5-2 August 2018
City will be presented with the need for expansion of the library system. Expansion of the
resident population will also present the need for additional books, computers, and reader seats.
Based on the City’s 2030 population of 59,564, Table 4.5-4 indicates the amount of full time
employees and library facilities the City will need.
Table 4.5-4 Adequacy of Future Library Facilities
Requirement per Additional Existing +
City Standard Resources Additional Above/Below
Library Facility (2030)1 from DIF Resources Standard
Public Library Building 19,477 sf 7,448 sf 13,963 sf Below
Satellite Library Building
3,491 sf -- -- Below
Library Books
119,128 69,222 126,054 Above
Library Staff
30 -- 8 staff Below
Literacy Space
2,979 sf -- -- Below
Computer Center Space 4,468 sf -- -- Below
1.Requirement based on projected 2030 population of 59,564.
Opportunities for Shared Facilities
A joint-use facility agreement with the Imperial County Office of Education is in place housing a
community center/library facility at their Del Rio alternative school. It includes 2,400 square feet
of library space.
Phasing
There is a plan to expand the current library space by about 4,000 to 5,000 square feet.
4.5.3 Funding
Per Capita Costs
For FY 2016/2017, the Brawley City Council approved an operating budget of $626,001 for
library services. Considering a City population of 26,928 from the 2017 Department of Finance
estimates, the current per capita operating cost is approximately $23.25.
Future Funding Costs
Projecting the $23.25 per capita library operating cost over the planning period for the SAP, the
library operating cost would require approximately $1,384,863 by 2030 to support the projected
population of 59,564 residents. This projection is in FY 2016/2017 dollars, and does not account
for inflation.
Library Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.5-3
Cost Avoidance Opportunities:
There are no cost avoidance opportunities.
Recommended Funding/Future Funding Sources
The General Fund will continue to be the primary source of library services but will not fund
facilities. To augment the provision of General Fund dollars from the City, the library may apply
for all possible funding opportunities from the State, and will accept any donations of money or
materials. The fees established in the DIF Study are expected to finance 100% of the library
facilities demands for future development within the City through 2030.
4.5.4 Recommendations
In order for the City to provide its residents with adequate library services and to assure that the
library system is sufficiently expanded to accommodate growth within the City and the
boundaries of the SOI, the City will implement the following measures.
Periodically review the facilities and personnel of the library system through the
preparation of annual reports. Such review will identify staffing and budgetary concerns
as City growth continues to increase the demand on library facilities and staff.
Continue to utilize General Fund revenue as the primary source of financing library
services. Review the allocation of General Fund finances in light of the State
recommendation that local libraries receive 5% of local general fund resources.
Collect fees established in the DIF Study to meet the library facilities demands for future
development.
Apply for all possible library funding opportunities from the State.
Accept donations of money and/or supplies as a means of augmenting library services
while conserving allocated finances.
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Library Facilities
Page 4.5-4 August 2018
4.6 PARKS AND RECREATION FACILITIES
The Department of Parks, Recreation, and Community Services is made up of four divisions:
Parks, Recreation, Senior Citizens, and Grounds and Facility Maintenance. The City also
provides local recreation programs and services for children, adults, and seniors at City facilities
and in conjunction with the local school districts.
4.6.1 Performance Standards
Performance standards for parks and recreational are identified based on the type of park or
recreational amenity. The overall standard for developed parkland in the City is 5 acres per
1,000 population. Table 4.6-1 shows the performance standards for Parks and Recreation
facilities.
Table 4.6-1 Performance Standards – Parks and Recreation Facilities
Standard
Parks and Recreation Facility (per 1,000 population)
Community Center 1,404 square feet
Mini Park 0.2–0.50 acres
Neighborhood Park 1.0–1.5 acres
Community Park 2.0–3.0 acres
Developed Parkland1 5.0 acres
1 The developed parkland standard applies on an overall basis and includes mini parks,
neighborhood parks, and community parks.
Note: Maintenance Staff standards require one employee per 10 acres of developed parkland.
To ensure that adequate parks and recreational areas exist in Brawley to meet the needs of
residents and visitors, the City will continue to use a park classification system and related park
standards based on population. The park classifications per the City’s Open Space/Recreation
Element of the 2008 General Plan and the City’s 5-Year Plan (2012–2017) are discussed below.
The established park standards for the individual park classifications (mini-park, neighborhood
park, and community park) below are guidelines for development and are subject to change.
Mini-Park: A mini-park is a specialized facility that serves a concentrated or limited population
or a specific group such as tots or senior citizens. Mini-parks are typically located within
neighborhoods and in close proximity to apartments or multifamily dwellings. Mini-parks should
have a service radius of less than a quarter mile and be less than 2 acres in size. The standard
for mini-parks is 0.25 to 0.5 acres per 1,000 population.
Neighborhood Park: A neighborhood park is an area for intense recreational activities, providing
playing fields, courts, playgrounds, and passive use areas for walking, jogging, and picnicking.
Such parks are easily accessible to neighborhood populations and are geographically centered
with safe bicycle and pedestrian access. They may be developed as shared-use school/park
facilities. A neighborhood park should serve a population of 5,000 and should be 2 to 15 acres
in size. The standard for neighborhood parks is 1.0 to 1.5 acres per 1,000 population.
Community Park: Community Parks are areas of diverse environmental quality. A community
park may include areas suited for recreational facilities such as athletic complexes and large
Parks and Recreation Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.6-1
swimming pools. Such parks may be natural areas used for outdoor recreation such as walking,
viewing, and picnicking. They may be a combination of the above types depending on the site
and the needs of the community. Community parks serve several neighborhoods within a 1- to
2-mile radius and should cover 15 acres or larger. The standard for community parks is 2 to 3
acres per 1,000 population according to parks and recreation staff.
4.6.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis
Inventory of Existing Facilities and Staff
The department has 9 full-time employees and numerous part-time employees. There are
currently a total of 125.77 acres of developed parkland in the City, as listed below
in Table 4.6-2a and shown on Figure 4.6.1.
Table 4.6-2a Existing Parks and Recreation Facilities
Acres
Park (Developed)
Mini Parks
Ridge Park 1.63
Kissee Park 0.34
Kelley Park 0.63
Citrus View Park 0.65
Malan Park Landscape 0.53
Mini Parks Subtotal 3.78
Neighborhood Parks
Abe Gonzales Park 4.42
Alyce Gereaux Park 3.88
Guadalupe Park 3.59
Hinojosa Park 6.52
Meserve Park 4.42
Parkside Park 0.001
Plaza Park 3.18
Thorton Park 5.43
Neighborhood Parks Subtotal 31.44
Community Parks
Cattle Call and Rotary 56.001
Del Rio 3.00
Elks Youth 0.21
Lions Center Complex 8.91
Lions Center Expansion 6.20
Pat Williams Park 15.711
Senior Center 0.52
Community Parks Subtotal 90.55
Total 125.77
1.The acreage value represents developed parkland. Undeveloped parkland values are: 6.44
acres (Parkside Park); 4.00 acres (Cattle Call and Rotary), and 10.00 acres (Pat Williams
Park). Undeveloped and developed park acreage in Brawley equals 146.21 acres.
Source: Sustainability Workshop, City of Brawley Parks and Recreation Department (2012)
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Parks and Recreation Facilities
Page 4.6-2 August 2018
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CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Parks and Recreation Facilities
Page 4.6-4 August 2018
As shown below in Table 4.6-2b, according to City staff, the square footage of the City’s
community center facilities includes the following:
Table 4.6-2b Existing Community Center Facilities
Size
Community Center Facility (square feet)
Lions Recreation Center1 20,000
Lions Pool1 12,000
Brawley Teen Center1 5,000
Blake David Skate Park1 18,600
Brawley Senior Center1 5,000
Del Rio Community Room2 2,400
Total 60,600
Source: 1Sustainability Workshop, City of Brawley Parks and Recreation
Department (2012)
2Marjo Mello, Interim Parks and Recreation Director
Adequacy of Existing Facilities and Staff
To determine the adequacy of existing facilities, the 2017 DOF population of 26,928
residents was used to determine the population-based performance standard requirement for
each parks and recreation facilities. As shown below in Table 4.6-3, all of the existing parks and
recreational facilities are above the City’s standard and are adequate to serve the existing
population, except for Mini Parks, which are about 2.47 acres below the population-based
standard of 0.2-0.5 acres per 1,000 residents.
Table 4.6-3 Adequacy of Existing Parks and Recreation Facilities
Parks and Recreation Requirement per
Facility City Standard1 Existing Above/Below Standard
Community Center 37,806 square feet 60,600 square feet Above Mini
Park 6.73 acres 3.78 acres Below
Neighborhood Park 26.9 acres 33.44 acres Above
Community Park 53.8 acres 90.55 acres Above
Developed Parkland 87.43 acres 127.77 acres Above
1 Requirement based on population of 26,928 from the 2017 Department of Finance Estimate.
Parks and Recreation Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.6-5
Future Demand for Facilities and Staff
Projected population growth within the City will result in an increased demand for facilities and
services. The City will extend recreation programming and services to annexed areas in the
same manner as they are provided within the existing City. If the need for additional parks
arises for future annexations, each development would be required to dedicate and/or construct
parks to serve each particular area per the City performance standards. Table 4.6-4 provides
an overview of the parks and recreation facilities needed to serve future development within
the City and SOI through the year 2030. As shown, parks and recreation are projected to be
below the City’s population-based standards for community centers, mini parks, and developed
parkland, but would meet the City’s standards for neighborhood and community parks.
Table 4.6-4 Adequacy of Future Parks and Recreation Facilities
Additional
Requirement Resources
per City from City’s Existing +
Parks and Standard 5-Year Plan Additional Above/Below
Recreation Facility (2030)1 Existing (2012–2017) Resources Standard
Community Center 83,628 sf 60,600 sf None 60,600 sf Below
Mini Park 15–30 acres 3.78 acres 4.70 acres 8.48 acres Below
Neighborhood Park 60–89 acres 31.44 acres 36.20 acres 67.64 acres Above
Community Park 119–179 acres 90.55 acres 61.00 acres 151.55 acres Above
Developed Parkland 298 acres 125.77 acres 101.9 acres 227.67 acres Below
1 Requirement based on projected 2030 population of 59,564.
Opportunities for Shared Facilities
Joint use opportunities may exist with the Brawley School District and the Brawley Union High
School District. Public school grounds, which typically contain play equipment, turfed areas,
sports facilities, and gymnasiums, often act as de facto parks. Where possible, future
neighborhood and community parks will be located adjacent to public schools and share
amenities.
Phasing
Several methods will be used to provide new parks and recreation facilities as the City’s
population grows. The City will encourage and, where appropriate, require the inclusion of
recreation facilities and open space within future residential, industrial, and commercial
developments. As new development projects are proposed in Brawley, the City will assess the
impact of new development on the existing parks and recreation system. The City will then
require the dedication of parkland, payment of an in lieu fee, or a combination of both as a
condition of new residential development pursuant to the Quimby Act.
The final location, size, type, and ultimate number of park sites will be determined based upon
the approved number of dwelling units at the time of subdivision approval, following annexation
of lands within the SOI.
Parks and Recreation Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.6-6
4.6.3 Funding
Current Funding
Several methods are used to provide new parks and recreation facilities as the City population
grows. The City will encourage and, where appropriate, require the inclusion of recreation
facilities and open space within future residential, industrial, and commercial developments. As
new development projects are proposed in Brawley, the City will assess the impact of new
development on the existing park and recreation system. The City will then require the dedication
of parkland, payment of an in lieu fee, or a combination of both as a condition of new residential
development pursuant to the Quimby Act. In addition, the new Development Impact Fee would
allocate $3,333 per new single-family residence and $2,500 per new multi-family residence
for park improvements. The City will also continue the use of assessment districts and Adopt-
A-Park program to obtain and maintain parkland. The City will continue to require all new
subdivisions to fund the development and maintenance of parks through assessment districts.
Per Capita Costs
For FY 2016/2017, the Brawley City Council approved an operating budget of $1,587,504 for
parks, recreation, and senior citizen services. Considering a City population of 26,928 from the
Department of Finance 2017 estimate, the current per capita operating cost is approximately $58.95.
Future Funding Costs
Projecting the $58.95 per capita parks and recreation operating cost over the planning period for
the SAP, the parks and recreation operating cost would require approximately $3,511,298 by
2030 to support the projected population of 59,564 residents. This projection is in FY 2016/2017
dollars and does not account for inflation.
Cost Avoidance Opportunities:
There are no cost avoidance opportunities.
Recommended Funding/Future Funding Sources
Development Impact Fees are expected to finance 100% of park and recreation facility demands
for future development within the City through 2030. Large-scale new developments may be
required to create assessment districts to improve and maintain parkland. Other future funding
sources will also include current funding mechanisms. In addition, Quimby fees can be used for
parks and recreation facilities in lieu of parkland acquisition.
4.6.4 Recommendations
In order for the City to provide its residents with adequate parkland that is efficiently managed
and maintained as growth continues within the City and within the boundaries of the SOI, the
City will implement the following measures.
Pursue joint-use opportunities with the Brawley School District and the Brawley Union
High School District.
Continue to adhere to the existing parkland standard.
Parks and Recreation Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.6-7
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CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Parks and Recreation Facilities
Page 4.6-8 August 2018
4.7 CIRCULATION FACILITIES
The City of Brawley owns and maintains local public streets within the City while Imperial
County owns and maintains local public roads in unincorporated Imperial County. State Routes
throughout the County and City are owned and maintained by the state of California (the
California Department of Transportation, Caltrans).
4.7.1 Performance Standard
Construction standards and maintenance of street improvements differ considerably between
the City of Brawley and Imperial County. For example, the City requires developers to construct,
at a minimum, street and parkway improvements to City public street standards adjacent to any
new development, regardless of the size of the development. New subdivisions are required to
construct interior residential and collector streets to City standards at the developer’s expense.
Typically, developers of subdivisions must construct all roadways within their project, including
perimeter streets to be improved with sidewalks, curbs and gutters, one parking lane, and one
travel lane.
The Infrastructure Plan of the City’s General Plan includes a classification of street types and
performance standards to maintain stable traffic flow without significant delays. This is
accomplished through a roadway classification system and level of service performance criteria
described below. The Circulation Plan, as shown in the City’s General Plan, is depicted on
Figure 4.7.1.
Roadway Classification System:
The roadway system in Brawley is defined using a classification system, which identifies a
hierarchy of roadway types as shown on Figure 4.7.2. The categories of the classification
system differentiate the size, function, and capacity of roadways. There are eight basic
categories in the hierarchy: Expressway, Prime Arterial, Minor Arterial, Collector, Local
Collector, Residential, Industrial Collector, and Industrial Local. These sections represent
desirable standards, but variations of right-of-way width and special road improvements will
occur. These categories are described below:
Expressway: A six-lane divided roadway intended to serve regional and intra-county
traffic with a minimum right-of-way width of 210 feet consisting of three travel lanes in
each direction, a 56-foot median, and shoulders along both sides of the travel way. No
on-street parking is allowed on Expressways and the minimum intersection spacing is 1
mile.
Prime Arterial: A four- to six-lane divided roadway with a minimum right-of-way width of
136 feet. Prime Arterials feature raised and landscaped medians, highly restricted
access, provisions for public transit lanes, including but not limited to bus lanes, train
lanes, or other mass transit type means and no parking. Prime Arterials form an
important component of the city and regional transportation system.
Minor Arterial: These roadways provide intra-county and sub-regional service. Access
and parking may be allowed, but closely restricted in such a manner as to ensure proper
function of this roadway. Typical standards include the provision for four and six travel
lanes with raised and landscaped medians for added safety and efficiency by providing
Circulation Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.7-1
protected left-turn lanes at selected locations. Some may also contain provisions for
public transit lanes or other mass transit type means. Minimum right-of-way is 102 feet.
Collector: These roadways are designed for intra-county travel as a link between the
long haul facilities and the collector/local facilities. Although a Collector frequently
provides direct access to abutting properties, that is not its primary purpose. Typical
design features include provision for four travel lanes without a raised median, and some
may also contain provisions for public transit lanes or other mass transit type means.
Minimum right-of-way is 84 feet. Parking is generally not permitted.
Local Collector: These roadways are designed to connect local streets with the
adjacent Collectors or arterial street system. Design standards include provision for two
travel lanes and parking, except in specific locations where parking is removed to
provide a turn lane at intersections. Local Collector streets frequently provide direct
access to abutting properties, although that should be avoided where feasible. Minimum
right-of-way is 70 feet.
Residential: This street type also includes residential cul de sac and loop streets and is
designed to provide direct access to abutting properties and to give access from
neighborhoods to the Local Street and Collector Street system. This classification should
be discontinuous in alignment to discourage through trips. Typical design standards
include provision for two travel lanes, parking on both sides, and direct driveway access.
Minimum right-of-way is 60 feet.
Industrial Collector: The main function of this classification is to provide for efficient
movement of goods for regional, subregional, and intra-county travel services. Access
and parking may be allowed, but closely restricted in such a manner as to ensure safe
and proper function of industrial traffic on this roadway. Typical design standards include
provisions for up to four travel lanes and parking on both sides. Minimum right-of-way is
96 feet.
Industrial Local: This classification is designed to connect industrial properties and
areas with the adjacent Industrial Collector, Residential, Collector, or arterial system.
Design standards include provisions for two travel lanes, of a minimum of 13-fot width
each, and parking. Industrial streets frequently provide direct access to abutting
industrial sites and parking of industrial-sized vehicles. Minimum right-of-way is 64 feet.
Performance Criteria:
“Performance Criteria” are used to evaluate the ability of the circulation system to serve existing
and planned land uses. Performance criteria facilitate the comparison of future traffic volumes
and future circulation system capacity and the assessment of the adequacy of the circulation
system. Performance criteria establishes a desired level of service (LOS) and a technical
component that specifies how traffic forecast data can be used to measure the achievement of
the criteria. Levels of service range from A to E and are defined in Table 4.7.1 (General
Plan/Infrastructure Element Table I-2). Table 4.7.2 (General Plan/Infrastructure Element Table I-
3) shows the maximum Average Daily Traffic (ADT) accommodated by LOS A through E for the
four roadway categories described above.
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Circulation Facilities
Page 4.7-2 August 2018
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Figure 4.7.1
Circulation Plan
City of Brawley Service Area Plan
24591
2102/5/4
dxm.nalP_noitalucriC_1_7_40giF\codpam\nalP_aerA_ecivreS_11_91800\yelwarB_fo_ytiC\stcejorp\ogeiD
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Expressway (6-Lanes divided)
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Collector (4-Lanes undivided)
Local Collector (2-Lanes undivided)
Source: Linscott, Law & Greenspan Engineers, 2008.
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CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Circulation Facilities
Page 4.7-4 August 2018
Source: Linscott, Law & Greenspan Engineers, 2008.
Figure 4.7.2
Typical Roadway Cross-Sections
City of Brawley Service Area Plan
24591
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CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Circulation Facilities
Page 4.7-6 August 2018
Table 4.7-1 Level of Service for Brawley Circulation Performance Criteria
Level of Service Description
Represents free flow. Individual drivers have a high
degree of freedom to select their travel speeds and
A
are generally unaffected by other vehicles in the traffic
system.
Represents stable flow, but individual drivers are
B somewhat affected by other vehicles in determining
travel speeds.
Represents stable flow, but the selection of the
C speeds of individual drivers is significantly affected by
other vehicles.
Represents a condition of high-density, stable traffic
flow in which speed and freedom of movement are
severely restricted by the presence of other vehicles.
D
At signalized intersections, some vehicles may
occasionally have to wait for more than one green
light in order to pass through the intersection.
Represents operating conditions at or near capacity.
Individual vehicles have little freedom to maneuver
within the traffic stream, and any minor disruptions
E
can cause a breakdown in the flow of traffic. At
signalized intersections, vehicles regularly wait for
more than one green light to clear the intersection.
Represents breakdown conditions. At this level of
service, speeds are low, delay is high, and there are
F
more vehicles entering the roadway than can be
accommodated.
Source: City of Brawley, General Plan 2008.
Table 4.7-2 ADT Level of Service Volumes by Roadway Types
Maximum Average Daily Traffic by Level of Service
Roadway Type LOS A LOS B LOS C LOS D LOS E
Expressway 30,000 42,000 60,000 70,000 80,000
Prime Arterial 22,200 37,000 44,600 50,000 57,000
Minor Arterial 14,800 24,700 29,600 33,400 37,000
Collector 13,700 22,800 27,400 30,800 34,200
Local Collector 1,900 4,100 7,100 10,900 16,200
Residential 1 1 <1,500 1 1
Residential Cul-de-Sac
1 1 <200 1 1
or Loop Street
Industrial Collector 5,000 10,000 14,000 17,000 20,000
Industrial Local 2,500 5,000 7,000 8,500 10,000
Source: City of Brawley, General Plan 2008
1 Levels of service are not applied to residential streets because their primary purpose is to serve abutting lots, not carry
through traffic. Levels of service normally apply to roads carrying through traffic between major trip generators and
attractors.
Circulation Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.7-7
The City of Brawley has established LOS C as a threshold standard to monitor the
performance of community roadways. If the ADT on a particular roadway is greater than
the traffic levels established for LOS C, the City will determine that the performance
of the roadway is unacceptable. When roadway performance is unacceptable,
improvements to the roadway will be required to increase the capacity to accommodate
greater ADT levels.
4.7.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis
Inventory of Existing Facilities
The circulation system within the City is oriented in a north/south and east/west grid system.
The City’s roadway types include Expressways, Prime Arterials, Minor Arterials, Collectors,
Local Collectors, Residential, Industrial Collectors, and Industrial Locals. The City operates and
maintains signalized and unsignalized intersections that control the flow of traffic in their
circulation system.
The major regional roadway facilities located within City limits include three State Routes: SR-
78, SR-86, and SR-111 operated by the State through Caltrans. SR-111 passes through the
southeastern, and northern areas of the City and provides access to areas north and south.
SR-86 transects the City to the southwest of the City limits. SR-78 runs in an east/west direction
transecting the center of the City. The State Routes represent important regional circulation
roadways that affect land use within the City. The City is partially responsible for the relinquished
portion for maintaining these highways, upkeep and adequate circulation on such facilities
affects traffic throughout the City-operated system.
Main Street is presently the most heavily traveled roadway in Brawley. Brawley also
experiences substantial truck traffic within the urbanized area due to the City’s location at the
intersection of SR-78, SR-86, and SR-111. The agricultural sector of Imperial Valley generates
a large number of local and regional truck trips.
Ownership and maintenance of local public streets within the City is the responsibility of the City
of Brawley Department of Public Works, which has one road maintenance yard located west of
SR-111 within the City limits. The City also follows a regular maintenance schedule, which
would be applied to streets in the City and annexed areas.
Within the unincorporated area of the SOI, ownership and maintenance of local public roads is
the responsibility of Imperial County. Road improvements are installed and inspected according
to standards developed by the County Public Works Department. The County does not maintain
dedicated local roads on a regular schedule. If the condition of a particular road becomes a non-
emergency safety concern, the Public Works Department must first allocate the funds for the
repair in the budget for the following fiscal year. In emergency situations, the Brawley road
maintenance yard within the City’s limits would be assigned to conduct repairs and/or cleanup.
Adequacy of Existing Facilities
The City’s circulation facilities are generally found to operate at acceptable levels. The following
projects have identified that all roadways and intersections will operate at a LOS C or better with
mitigation: Final Environmental Impact Report for the Luckey Ranch Annexation to the City of
Brawley (November 1999), Final Environmental Impact Report and Initial Study for SDSU
Imperial Valley Master Plan Project (July 2003), and Final Environmental Impact
Statement/Report for the State Routes 78/111 Brawley Bypass; these projects have been
approved and are at various stages of development.
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Circulation Facilities
Page 4.7-8 August 2018
Many of the roads depicted on the Circulation Plan, Figure 4.7.1, do not currently meet the
standards of the roadway designations, and some of the identified components of the circulation
system are not yet constructed. Extension of roadways and creation of additional roadways will
be needed as development occurs within the City limits and the SOI.
Future Demand for Facilities
As residential, commercial, and industrial development continue within the City boundaries and
SOI, the City will need to continue to upgrade and improve existing roadways and create new
roadways in order to maintain a service level that is in keeping with the goals established in the
City’s Circulation Plan. Existing roads will not be able to accommodate the additional traffic
generated by development within the SOI. It is assumed that some level of Circulation Plan
improvements will be provided in association with private and public projects, including the SR-
78/111 to be constructed by Caltrans and those associated with private development throughout
the City.
The City of Brawley Capital Improvement Program, FY 11/12 – FY 20/21 identifies the following
future demand for circulation facilities (see Table 4.7.3) to serve future development in the City
through FY 2020/2021.
Table 4.7-3 Projected Circulation Projects – City of Brawley, 2011–2021
Circulation Facility Upgrade Type
18th Street Construction
Best Avenue Rehabilitation
Dogwood Road Construction
East B Street Extension
East D Street Resurfacing
East Duarte Road Construction
East H Street Resurfacing
East K Street Extension
East Magnolia Street Construction
East River Drive Construction
Legion Street Resurfacing
Main Street Resurfacing
Malan Street Extension
Mead Road Road Construction, Overpass Construction
North 1st Street Resurfacing
North 8th Street Rehabilitation
North Imperial Avenue Resurfacing
North Palm Avenue Construction
Panno Street Roadway Extension, Rehabilitation
Rio Vista Avenue Widening
Circulation Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.7-9
Circulation Facility Upgrade Type
River Drive Overpass
River Street Asphalt Rehabilitation
Shank Road Rehabilitation
South 8th Street Resurfacing
South Imperial Avenue Resurfacing
Western Avenue Curb, Gutter, and Sidewalk Improvement
Wildcat Drive Road Construction, Bridge Construction
Wilson Street Construction
Source: City of Brawley Capital Improvement Program, FY 11/12 – FY 20/21.
Opportunities for Shared Facilities
In order to maintain the best possible circulation within City limits, throughout the SOI, and
within the County and the greater region as a whole, the City will continue to cooperate with the
Caltrans, the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), and the County to
monitor the operation of the regional system and the implementation of necessary
improvements. The City will also continue to cooperate with the County and the Imperial Valley
Transit Authority to ensure that adequate bus service is available for elderly and disabled
persons.
The City will review and comment on environmental documents from the County and nearby
cities for new development projects. The City will focus particularly on potential regional
transportation impacts and request measures to mitigate traffic impacts on the City and SOI
where applicable.
Phasing
Planning and improving local public roads will be the responsibility of the City. The City will
require that consideration be given to phasing development to assure that street improvements
proceed in an orderly manner from existing improvements into and throughout new
development areas.
It is assumed that some level of Circulation Plan improvements will be provided in association
with private and public projects, including the SR-78/111 to be constructed by Caltrans and
those associated with private development throughout the City. As the City develops and traffic
levels increase, the City will construct roadway improvements to implement the Circulation Plan.
The City has had discussions with Caltrans regarding taking jurisdiction over sections of SR-86
and SR-78. All projects with impacts on Caltrans roadways, including SR-86, SR-78, and SR-
111 will require review and coordination with Caltrans.
To ensure adequate transportation management in future years, the City will implement several
programs in addition to the Circulation Plan. The City will require the preparation of a traffic
analysis for major development proposals to identify potential impacts on the City’s circulation
system and identify necessary physical improvements to maintain LOS C, both for new onsite
streets as well as existing offsite streets that will be impacted by project traffic. As traffic
volumes approach or exceed LOS C, the City will design improvements to increase the
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Circulation Facilities
Page 4.7-10 August 2018
capacity: restriping, restricting on-street parking, improving signal timing, widening intersections,
and taking other appropriate measures. The City will also take actions to decrease the demand
for vehicular transportation, such as promoting transit service, bicycle, pedestrian, and
equestrian facilities.
4.7.3 Funding
Per Capita Costs
For FY 2016/2017, the Brawley City Council approved an operating budget of $4,540,000 for
transportation services. Considering a City population of 26,928, the current per capita
operating cost is approximately $168.60.
Future Funding Costs
Projecting the $168.60 per capita transportation operating cost over the planning period for the
SAP, the transportation operating cost would require approximately $10,042,490 by 2030 to
support the projected population of 59,564 residents. This projection is in FY 2016/2017 dollars
and does not account for inflation. Per the City’s CIP, transportation operating costs are
projected to total $104,486,933 over a 10-year period between FY 2011/2012 and FY
2020/2021.
Cost Avoidance Opportunities
There are no opportunities to reduce costs.
Recommended Funding/Future Funding Sources
Development impact fees are expected to finance 93.16% of the circulation facilities demands
discussed in the DIF Study for future development within the City through 2030. The remaining
6.84% of the circulation facilities discussed in the DIF Study will be funded through other
sources. Fair share traffic impact fees as established by the City for equitable funding of
transportation improvements off site or under Caltrans authority shall be paid by the project
proponent as specified by the Conditions of Approval for the future developments within the
SOI. Traffic impact fees commensurate with traffic generated from future project development
shall be paid by the project proponent to the satisfaction of the City Engineer as specified in the
Conditions of Approval.
Possible funding sources include assessment districts, redevelopment funds, Development
Impact Fees, Community Development Block Grants, exactions, and similar financing methods.
The City may choose to construct street improvements to rights-of-way linking the study area to
other City areas, including widening, resurfacing, realignment, and landscaping. The City will
ultimately assume responsibility for maintaining these improvements through Gas Tax funds
and the General Fund. Other possibilities are assessment districts and related funding sources.
In addition, the City uses Measure D funds for operation and maintenance of local roadways.
4.7.4 Recommendations
In order for the City to maintain adequate circulation and provide roadways that are sound and
efficient throughout the City and the SOI, the City will implement the following measures.
Circulation Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.7-11
Implement circulation system improvement projects included in the DIF Study as needed
by projected future development within the City.
Maintain LOS C as a threshold standard to monitor the performance of community
roadways.
Require the preparation of a traffic analysis for major development proposals to identify
potential impacts on the City’s circulation system and identify necessary physical
improvements to maintain LOS C, both for new onsite streets as well as existing offsite
streets that will be impacted by project traffic.
As traffic volumes approach or exceed LOS C, Design improvements to increase the
capacity – restriping, restricting on-street parking, improving signal timing, widening
intersections, and taking other appropriate measures.
Take actions to decrease the demand for vehicular transportation, such as promoting
transit service, bicycle, pedestrian, and equestrian facilities.
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Page 4.7-12 August 2018
4.8 WASTEWATER FACILITIES
The City of Brawley provides wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal services for
residential, commercial, and industrial uses. The City Public Works Department plans,
constructs, and maintains the sewage system. The system includes a collection network of
pipes and a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).
The City adopted its Master Plan for the Wastewater Collection System and the Wastewater
Master Plan in 2013. Existing and projected wastewater needs in this analysis are
based on coordination with City staff and the CIP for FY 2011/2012. A copy of current the
Wastewater Master Plan (2013) is available at the City for review.
4.8.1 Performance Standard
Performance standards for operation of the City’s WWTP are based on compliance with
discharge requirements of the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB)
Colorado River Basin Region 7. The City is in the process of developing an update to the
existing Wastewater Master Plan, which will include a plan for the facility to meet anticipated
flows through the year 2030.
Performance standards for new development are founded on providing adequate collection
systems based on evaluation of the capacity needs for proposed residential and other land
uses, which is specified in the Wastewater Master Plan. Wastewater average daily flows and
projected daily capacity of the WWTP are shown below in Table 4.8-1 for 2010; however, future
flows and capacity is unknown at this time and will be updated by the Master Plan, once
adopted.
Table 4.8-1 Existing and Projected Wastewater Flow and Capacity
Projected Projected Average Daily
Year Population Flow Projected Daily WWTP Capacity
2017 26,928 3.83 MGD1 5.9 MGD
2020 39,873 5.83 MGD 5.9 MGD
2030 59,564 7.31 MGD 5.9 MGD
1 MGD = million gallons per day
Note: 2017 Population from DOF Estimate, 2020 Population from SCAG RTP 2012, and 2030 Population is the sum of
the additional population from the 2010 DIF Study by 2030 (34,611 people) plus the 2010 Census population
(24,953).
4.8.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis
Inventory of Existing Facilities
The City’s wastewater collection system is a gravity flow system. The majority (approximately
half) of the system is a combined sanitary and storm sewer system. Figure 4.8.1 shows the
location of the City’s main wastewater collection lines, which are generally 10 inches and larger
Wastewater Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.8-1
in size and convey wastewater flows from south to north. Smaller lines, 6 and 8 inches in size,
flow primarily east and west and are located in virtually every east–west street in the City. As
indicated in the 2013 Wastewater Master Plan, the existing system includes approximately 77
miles (406,560 linear feet) of wastewater collection lines ranging from 6 to 30 inches, and 2.1
miles of force mains.
The existing WWTP is located in the northeastern portion of the City’s boundary. The total
design capacity of the wastewater treatment plant is 5.9MGD. The WWTP provides secondary
treatment through a Biolac® activated sludge treatment system that was brought online in
December 2011. The treatment system is comprised of three Biolac® activated sludge
treatment units equipped with air diffusers, three secondary clarifiers, an activated sludge
pumping stations, ultraviolet disinfection, and sludge processing facilities. The Discharger has
converted one of the inactive primary clarifiers into a sludge thickening unit and the other
inactive primary clarifier into a sludge holding tank. Wasted activated sludge is thickened in a
sludge thickening unit, dewatered in a centrifuge sludge dewatering unit, and then dried using
solar greenhouse sludge drying structure. The Biolac® process operates without primary
treatment; therefore, no primary sludge is produced during the treatment process. All of the
wastewater collectors and mains flow to the City’s WWTP, which process the effluent and
discharge the treated water into the New River.
The City also operates several lift stations, which primarily include the South Brawley Sewage Lift
Station No. 1, the Citrus View Sewage Lift Station No. 2, and the Latigo Sewage Lift Station
No. 3, which pump wastewater into nearby gravity sewers. Smaller lift stations have also
been constructed privately to serve larger developments, such as the Wal-Mart and Los Olivos
lift stations; however these stations are not operated by the City of Brawley. Lift Station No. 1 was
designed in 1988 as part of the Southwest Brawley Sewer Improvements Project and is located
south of Malan Street and east of Dogwood Road and the Union Pacific Railroad. One 10-inch
force main conveys flow from Lift Station No. 1 east and north to the WWTP. Lift Station No. 2
was designed in 1989 to serve the subdivision of Citrus View and is located in the southwestern
part of the City, on the east side of Richard Avenue between Ronald and Steven Streets. The
Citrus View area in the City of Brawley has independent sanitary and storm sewer systems;
therefore, stormwater flows are not discharged to the wastewater collection system or the lift
station. Since the lift stations were constructed, development in the areas that contribute flow to the
lift stations has increased the discharge into the collection system.
Adequacy of Existing Facilities
Approximately half of the municipal wastewater and drainage collection systems are combined
in the City of Brawley. Consequently, drainage water is treated at the WWTP and accounts for a
substantial part of the treatment plant operation load. To prevent sewage spills during unusual
rain events, an overflow basin has been constructed to reduce the amount of overflow. The
capacity of the sewers is adequate under normal dry weather conditions.
The capacity of the existing WWTP is 5.9 MGD, which is more than the estimated average daily
flow of 3.84 MGD. According to City staff, the current WWTP treats about 65% of the maximum
design capacity depending upon influent flow rates, and per the RWCQB was not in need of
additional capacity to accommodate existing development. Several of the wastewater sewer
lines were over capacity in 2017, which are combined with the drainage collection systems.
Wastewater lines in most need of improvement are specified in the City’s updated
Wastewater Master Plan.
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Future Demand for Facilities
Projected average daily flows and future wastewater facility demands until the year 2030 are
provided in the City’s 2013 Wastewater Master Plan identifying the following wastewater improvements:
Lift Station No. 1 & 2 Upgrades
8th Street Line Replacement
Annual Manhole Rehabilitation
Small Dump Truck Acquisition
Sanitary Sewer Management Plan
Backhoe Acquisition
Vehicle Acquisition
WWTP Expansion
City Wide Sewer Line Replacements and Upgrades
WWTP Tertiary Treatment Project
Annual Sewer Video Inspections
Adler Sewer Main Replacement
Cattle Call Park Sewer Lift Station
Annual sewer cleaning program
North Imperial Storm Drain Extension
Pat Williams Storm Drainage Extension
Best Road Storm Drain North of Jones
Best Road Storm Drain from Malan to Main
Annual Storm Drain Inlet Rehabilitation
Reconstruction of Storm Drain Inlets at Various Locations
Rio Vista Storm Drain Improvements
Wastewater Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.8-5
Opportunities for Shared Facilities
The City does not share wastewater treatment, storage, or distribution facilities with other
jurisdictions; however, the cities of Imperial and Brawley are discussing the possibility of jointly
sharing sewer services to the area.
Phasing
The City is currently working on expanding its infrastructure and has continuously been working
on infrastructure projects since the year 2000. As noted above, the CIP identifies future
improvements between FY 2011/2012 and FY 2020/2021 related to wastewater services, and
specifies anticipated projects for each fiscal year.
4.8.3 Funding
Current Funding
The City of Brawley Public Works Department charges users monthly fees for wastewater
services. A substantial amount of the user fees also pay for debt financing that was required to
construct existing facilities.
Per Capita Costs
For Fiscal Year 2016/2017, the Brawley City Council approved an operating budget of
$3,979,521 for wastewater collection and treatment services. Considering a City population of
26,928, the current per capita operating cost is approximately $147.78.
Future Funding Costs
Projecting the $147.78 per capita parks and recreation operating cost over the planning period
for the SAP, the wastewater collection and treatment services operating costs would require
approximately $8,802,268 by 2030 to support the projected population of 59,564 residents. This
projection is in FY 2016/2017 dollars, and does not account for inflation.
Cost Avoidance Opportunities
There are no cost avoidance opportunities.
Recommended Funding/Future Funding Sources
Development impact fees are expected to finance 37.14% of the wastewater facilities demands
discussed in the DIF Study for future development within the City through 2030. The remaining
62.86% of the facilities also discussed in the DIF Study will be funded through other sources.
New developments are responsible for adding or upgrading infrastructure, if needed, as
discussed in the 2013 Wastewater Master Plan. Future project proponents will be responsible
for the costs of the sewer infrastructure within and directly benefiting their project within the SOI.
This infrastructure may include sewer laterals connected to new structures, collection mains
with manholes, pump stations, and forced mains, if required, all of which collect sewage directly
CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Wastewater Facilities
Page 4.8-6 August 2018
from the respective study areas. Recommended funding sources include the Border
Environment Infrastructure Funding (BEIF) from the Border Environment Commission.
4.8.4 Recommendations
In order for the City to assure adequate service to its wastewater customers as development
continues within the City boundaries and within the SOI, the City will implement the following
measures.
Implement improvement projects in the Wastewater Master Plan and the DIF Study as
funds become available and as deemed necessary by the Director of the Department of
Public Works.
Ensure that the City’s WWTP operation is in compliance with discharge requirements of
the RWQCB.
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4.9 WATER FACILITIES
The City of Brawley provides potable water treatment and distribution within the City limits and
SOI boundaries; and the Public Works Department plans, constructs, and maintains the water
system. The City purchases raw imported Colorado River water from the IID, which delivers the
raw water to the City via IID-owned and operated canals—the Mansfield and Central Main
Canals. Untreated water to be used for agricultural purposes is delivered to customers directly
from the IID canal systems, while water to be used for domestic and industrial/commercial
purposes is delivered to the City’s water treatment plant, where the water is filtered and
disinfected before it is pumped into the water distribution system. The City laste updated its
Water Master Plan in 2012.
4.9.1 Performance Standard
Storage is required in a system to help stabilize flows and pressures, as well as to provide for
emergency conditions such as fighting fires, facility repairs, etc. The minimum volume of storage
available to a water distribution system typically includes both operational and contingency
storage. Since the Water Master Plan is in the process of being updated, the City does not
currently have established criteria. The 2012 Water Master Plan used the City of San Diego’s
storage criteria, which requires ground-level storage to equal 50% of the system’s maximum
day demand. Table 4.9.1 depicts the water system’s capacity standards, which are rough
projections based on City staff input.
Table 4.9-1 Water System Capacity Standards
Projected Average Required Existing
Year Population Annual Demand Storage Volume Storage Volume
2017 26,928 4.84 MGD 16.1 MGD 9 MG
2020 39,873 10.6 MGD 15.9 MGD 9 MG
2030 59,564 14.3 MGD 21.4 MGD 9 MG
MG = million gallons
Note: 2010 Population from US Census, 2020 Population from SCAG RTP 2012, and 2030
Population is the sum of the additional population from the 2010 DIF Study by 2030 (34,611
people) plus the 2010 Census population (24,953).
4.9.2 Facility Planning and Adequacy Analysis
Inventory of Existing Facilities
The existing water distribution system consists of one water treatment plant, three separate
storage facilities, two pump stations, and approximately 110 miles of 4- to 24-inch water
mains. The existing water system is depicted on Figure 4.9.1. In 1999, the City completed
construction of a new water treatment plant to alleviate capacity problems that were occurring at
the old water treatment plant, which is no longer in use.
Water Facilities CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN
August 2018 Page 4.9-1
The water treatment plant includes the following:
A 15-MGD capacity, which provides adequate space for expansion to 30 MGD and is
located on Cotton Rosser Drive to the west of SR-86, approximately 0.5 miles to the
south of the old water treatment plant.
The existing storage facilities include the following:
2-MG grade level reservoirs located at the water treatment
plant on 760 Cotton Rosser Drive3-MG grade-level steel reservoir
located just north of the airport. The existing pump stations include the
following:
The first station is located just south of the airport.
The 1999 Pump Station includes 6 MG of finished water storage and five equal sized
pumps and is located on Cotton Rosser Drive to the west of SR-86, locatedto the south
of the existing water treatment plant.
The City’s water mains range in diameter from 4 to 24 inches and are constructed of either cast
iron (CI), asbestos cement (AC), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The CI pipes are the oldest and
account for roughly 39% of the water mains and were installed until the 1960s. The AC pipes
account for approximately 41% of the water mains and were installed through the 1960s and
1970s. The PVC pipes account for 20% of the water mains and represent the material of choice
since the 1980s.
The existing facilities as indicated by City staff include the following:
Existing Resource Existing Amount
Water Main Improvements 110 miles
Water Treatment Plant 1
3-MG Finish Water Storage Reservoirs 3
Raw Water Reservoir 2
Pond Lining 4
Communication Radio System 2
Trucks 4
Forklift 1
Finish Water Pump Station 1
Booster Water Pump Station 1
Adequacy of Existing Facilities
The City updated their Water Master Plan in 2012. The City has experienced several
failures in the existing CI pipes due to corrosion. City personnel have indicated that in some
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CITY OF BRAWLEY SERVICE AREA PLAN Water Facilities
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instances where the CI pipe was removed, the pipe’s interior diameter was less than half of
what was originally installed. The alkaline soils in the Imperial Valley attack the pipe from the
exterior and the alkaline water attacks from within. Some of the CI pipes have been in service
for over 65 years, with newer CI pipes being in service for over 30 years. The pipes that have
been replaced show extensive encrustation on the pipe interior due to salt build up. Due to
corrosion, the capacity of the CI pipes is roughly 50% of AC or PVC pipes. This difference also
equates to greater pressure loss and lower reliability for hour and fire flows. As a result, the CI
pipe C-factor used for model calibration is 100, compared to C-factors for the newer AC and
PVC pipe of 140 and 150, respectively.
According to City staff, the City’s average daily flow is 4.84 million gallons per day. The water
treatment plant has a current capacity of 15 million gallons per day. The peak flow during the
summer has been as high as 11.8 million gallons per day. In addition, it’s expected that the
average daily flow will diminish as the City implements the reading of the water meters.
The 2012 Water Master Plan explains that the existing distribution system is not capable of
meeting user demands. To provide adequate pressures to meet existing user demands, the
following needed improvements are listed below. The City intends to make the modifications
listed below as new development occurs.
Replacing all existing 4-, 6-, and 8-inch CI pipe with 8-inch PVC minimum. All larger
diameter CI pipes should be replaced with same size PVC pipe.
Replacing all CI pipes in a commercial or industrial zone with 12-inch PVC.
Increasing the existing 8-inch AC pipe with 12-inch PVC in Malan Street from Eastern
Avenue to Best Road and in Best Road from Malan Street to Jones Street.
Replacing the 6-inch AC in River Drive near SR-111 and in SR-111 north of River Drive
with 12-inch PVC.
Replacing the 6-inch AC in the vicinity of the airport with 12-inch PVC.
Replacing the 6-inch AC in the residential area of Duarte, Rubio, Jones, and Trail
Streets near the airport with 12-inch PVC.
According to Table 4.9.1, the existing storage volume is adequate.
Future Demand for Facilities
Projected future water facility demands until the year 2030 will be provided in the City’s updated
Water Master Plan, and is anticipated for approval during FY 2012/2013. However, at the time
this document was prepared, input from City staff and the CIP for Fiscal Year 2011/2012
identified the following future water improvements:
Water Treatment Plant (WTP) Expansion
WTP Sedimentation Basin Expansion
Finish Water Tank Lining
Variable Speed Drive Pumps at Airport
Remote Pressure Sensing Units
Commercial Water Meter Purchase
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Page 4.9-5 August 2018
Public Works Water Tank Removal
Malan Water Line Phase IV
Southwest Water Line Replacement
Main Street Water Main Replacement
Backhoe Acquisition
Concrete Breaker Acquisition
4-inch Pump Acquisition
Compactor Acquisition
Welder Acquisition
Dump Truck Acquisition
Water Truck Acquisition
Arrow Board Acquisition
Message Board Acquisition
Trencher Acquisition
Water Master Plan
City Wide Water Line Replacements and Upgrades
Potable Water Storage Tanks
Andrida Circle Water Line Replacement
Construction of 2- by 3-MG Reservoir and Pump Station
Annual Water Valve Replacement
14th Street Water Main Replacement
Water Treatment Plant Raw Water Storage Reservoir
WTP Pond Liner Replacement
Variable Speed Drives at WTP
SCADA Control of Remote Tank Station
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Page 4.9-6 August 2018
Opportunities for Shared Facilities
There are no opportunities for shared facilities.
Phasing
According to the 2012 Water Master Plan and City staff, the design and construction of the
proposed existing water system capital improvements are proposed to be phased until the year
2024. The future water system, according to the 1999 Water Master Plan, are divided into three
phases, which allow for the construction of facilities at a fairly steady pace without severely
taxing the City’s revenues at any one time. As of 2017, Phase I was partially completed.
Phase 1 (In Process):
Replacement of all 4-inch diameter CI pipes and a portion of the 6-inch diameter CI
pipes.
Replace the 6-inch AC pipe in Julia Road, between Junctions JU-5 with a 12-inch main.
Improvements to the Po Colonia area.
Phase 2 (year 2015 -–2019):
Replacement of the rest of the 8- and 12-inch CI pipes.
Phase 3 (year 2020 – 2024):
Replacement of the rest of the existing CI pipes, replacement of existing pipes that have
inadequate existing capacity, and providing the reliability/operation upgrades. The
reliability upgrade includes the installation of a 24-inch pipe that parallels the existing 36-
inch pipe at the 1999 Water Treatment Plant. This pipe will provide a redundant water
source if the 36-inch line has to be taken out of service. It is also proposed that
additional inter tie connections be made between the existing 36/24-inch pipe that
extends from the 1999 WTP to the old WTP and the local distribution pipes.
4.9.3 Funding
Current Funding
The City of Brawley charges a flat rate to its customers for water use. The method that is
currently used does not benefit the City, in that the rates do not correspond with the amount of
water being consumed. The City has installed approximately 4,300 meters in the City for
residential uses and maintains approximately 100 commercial accounts with meters; however,
the City is still charging a flat rate for water use in the City.
Costs for water distribution systems within new developments are not included in the phasing
plan, as these improvements are developer-driven and will be paid for by developers as
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August 2018 Page 4.9-7
development occurs. The project proponent will be solely responsible for the costs of the water
infrastructure within and directly benefiting their projects. This infrastructure may include storage
facilities, pumps, water mains, and distribution pipelines, all of which supply water directly to the
project site. New distribution mains may need to be constructed by the project proponent to
connect the project site to the 2012 WTP. Routing of these lines will be determined by the
Department of Public Works. If this or any other facility built by the project proponent will benefit
other property owners, reimbursement agreements may be instituted to reimburse the project
proponent, as appropriate. The proponent will also participate in the construction of other offsite
water facilities, on a fair-share participation basis, as specified in the project Conditions of
Approval.
User charges, property taxes, capital facility charges and capital reserve funds and interest
earnings, as well as external financing are commonly used to finance water system capital
improvements. User charges are applied to customers for use of service provided by the utility
and generally provide most or all of a utility’s revenues. Charges are collected through an
established set of rate schedules based on the costs of providing the service and those policies
related to financial inducements for water conservation.
Capital facility charges can be provided by new customers requesting service such as
connection fees, line extension fees, etc. Based on state law, a capital facility fee can
compensate the utility for the cost of a new customer’s demand on the projected and available
system capacity to provide service, but cannot exceed the expense that the new customer
places on improving an existing system.
Per Capita Costs
For FY 2016/2017, the Brawley City Council approved an operating budget of $9,123,123 for
water treatment and distribution services. Considering a City population of 26,928 from the 2017
Department of Finance estimate, the current per capita operating cost is approximately $338.80.
Future Funding Costs
Projecting the $338.80 per capita water treatment and distribution services operating cost over
the planning period for the SAP, the water treatment and distribution services operating cost
would require approximately $20,180,283 by 2030 to support the projected population of 59,564
residents. This projection is in FY 2016/2017 dollars, and does not account for inflation.
Cost Avoidance Opportunities
There are no cost avoidance opportunities.
Recommended Funding/Future Funding Sources
The City will pursue and grants available.
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Page 4.9-8 August 2018
4.9.4 Recommendations
In order for the City to assure adequate service to its water customers as development continues
within the City boundaries and within the SOI, the City will implement the following measures.
Require water meters on all new construction and development and consider
implementing a program to install meters on all existing water services.
Implement improvement projects recommended in the Water Master Plan and the DIF
Study, as funds become available and as deemed necessary by the Director of the
Department of Public Works.
Continue to periodically review the water rate and financing structure to assure adequate
funding for the implementation of new projects and the maintenance of existing facilities.
Require that system improvements conducted by the City or a private developer shall be
designed to conform to relevant Federal, State, and local regulations.
Promote water conservation by requiring all new developments to install low-flow
showers and toilets. Consider implementing a low-flow replacement program for
showers and toilets in existing facilities.
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4.10 AVAILABILITY OF SERVICES NOT PROVIDED BY THE CITY
As indicated in the previous sections, the provision of services to the population of Brawley is
shared with other agencies. This section addresses the availability of services not provided by
the City.
4.10.1 Schools
The Brawley planning area, which includes the City limits and the SOI, is served by the Brawley
Elementary School District (BESD) and the Brawley Union High School District (BUHSD). The
BESD is comprised of five schools: Miguel Hildalgo Elementary School, J.W. Oakley Primary,
Phil D. Swing Elementary, Myron D. Witter Elementary, and the Barbara Worth Junior High.
Total enrollment within the BESD is approximately 4,000 students, which is at capacity.
For planning purposes, the BESD utilizes an overall student generation rate of 0.594 for single-
family dwelling units and an overall student generation rate of 0.417 for multi-family
dwelling units. Development impact fees are $2.92 per square foot for residential projects and
$0.39 per square foot for commercial projects.
The BUHSD provides education for grade 9–12 students within the planning area and includes
a total of three schools: Brawley High School, Desert Valley High School, and Renaissance
Community Day School. The 2017 enrollment of approximately 1,750 students at the three
schools is near capacity. BUHSD uses a student generation rate of 0.268 students per single-
family household and 0.167 students per multi-family household for the purposes of student
planning. School impact fees are $1.07 per square foot for residential development and $0.17
per square foot for commercial projects. In addition to the above, private elementary school
facilities are available to serve students from preschool through 12th grade.
School services, including new school construction, are financed through property taxes, State
and local bonds, and development impact fees. Mello-Roos districts are also established in
many communities where large-scale new development is occurring. The districts’ voters may
also impose special taxes with a two-thirds approval.
4.10.2 Electric
The City coordinates the provision of electricity and other services for new development to
ensure that adequate rights-of-way, easements, and improvements are provided. As of January
2017, the IID serves an estimated 150,000 customers, in accordance with ANSI Standards Q-
84, 1-1995, which establishes normal voltage ratings and operating tolerances for 60-hertz
electric power systems. The IID estimate for 2010 for total energy sales was 3,218,000,000
kilowatt hours (KWh) within the IID service area. KWH consumption within the City of Brawley is
expected to grow at an annual rate between 4 and 6%.
The primary source of electrical energy is provided by fossil fuels; however, energy is created
from a mix of hydrological, solar, nuclear, gas, and coal. Approximately 70% is purchased from
outside the region and 30% is produced locally. Peak demand was estimated at about 1,004
megawatts (MW) system-wide on August 24, 2010. IID has more than 466 MW of available
capacity, or approximately 47% more than current peak demand. The IID estimates that the
average residential consumer uses more than the national average of energy per year due to
the need for summer air conditioning. The IID has implemented energy conservation measures
to reduce consumption, but anticipated growth in the region is likely to require new facilities in
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the future. IID currently obtains approximately 30% of its energy from renewable sources.
IID operates nine hydroelectric generation plants, a 180-MW steam plant, eight gas turbines,
and an eight-unit diesel plant. IID electrical service facilities include a 161 kilovolt (kV)
transmission line that bisects the project site from north to south and a 92 kV transmission line
that runs along Shank Road adjacent to or through the northern Luckey Ranch area. All
transmission lines are required to be located above ground. Future undergrounding of
distribution lines is allowed. Future development within the SOI will require analysis by IID
planners, and new substations and transmission lines may be required.
4.10.3 Telecommunications
AT&T (formerly SBC) provides telecommunications service to the City. The California Public
Utilities Commission sets the performance standard through a series of established tariffs. The
telephone company is a publicly regulated utility and is obligated to serve the community and
improve facilities as needed. The exact need for telephone lines to serve the SOI cannot be
determined at this time. Conservative estimates could result in the installation of two lines per
residential dwelling unit and an unknown number of lines to serve commercial and industrial
areas. No impacts on existing telephone services have been identified.
4.10.4 Natural Gas
The City coordinates with the natural gas supplier, Southern California Gas Company when new
development occurs to ensure adequate rights-of-way and easements are provided. The City
has developed policies to promote energy conservation, and new development is required to
conform to State Title 24 Energy Regulations. Natural gas supply and infrastructure are well
established and can be extended as development proceeds.
4.10.5 Airport Facilities
The Brawley Municipal Airport is located in the northern portion of the Imperial Valley. The
history of the airport dates back to the 1930s when the City of Brawley acquired land for a
municipal airpark. The existing airport covers 160 acres and is bounded by Best Road to the
east, Jones Street to the south, Eastern Avenue and the Union Pacific Railroad to the west, and
agricultural uses to the north. At present, the airport is classified as a B-II-Visual airport and
serves general aviation and agricultural (crop dusting) operations. The airport also provides
support for emergency military operations.
Services available at the airport include aircraft maintenance, aircraft storage in T-hangars and
conventional hangars, permanent and transient aircraft tie-down storage, and aircraft fueling.
The airport includes a single runway with dimensions of 4,500 feet by 60 feet and an existing
airport hangar totaling 94,600 square feet. Police, fire protection, and other municipal services
are supplied by the City. There are 62 aircraft based from the airport—56 single-engine planes,
4 multi-engine planes, and 2 helicopters—according to the Federal Aviation Administration as of
February 2012. Aircraft operations were estimated to include approximately 105 operations per
week during 2010.
Future growth of the City of Brawley will possibly entail additional passenger flights in and out of
the area, and the addition of new industry in the City may create the need for additional cargo
trips. Expansion of the airport will create additional opportunities for increased operations and
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possible commuter service. The DIF Study identified the need for an 85,000 square-foot
expansion of airport hangar space and a runway extension of 1,100 linear feet as a result of
anticipated future development through 2030. Also, as noted in the City’s CIP, is an update
of the Airport Master Plan.
The fees established in the DIF Study are expected to finance 100% of the airport facility
demands for future development within the City through 2030. Airport capital development is
also funded in a variety of ways depending upon the nature of the development and sponsor of
the particular project. The Airport Improvement Program is on a share basis, where the Federal
grant pays only part of the total cost of an eligible project. The balance of funding must come
from other sources, such as State grants or from the project sponsor. Airport operations are
funded by the City primarily through income generated by airport concessions, rentals, and
leases, and also from intergovernmental grants
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5.0 FINANCING
5.1 INTRODUCTION
The City of Brawley, like most cities in Imperial County, functions as a self-contained service
provider for traditional city services such as fire and police protection, water and sewage
treatment, street maintenance, parks and recreation, and libraries. The isolated nature of most
Imperial County cities provides very limited opportunities for shared facilities and/or for the
consolidation or reorganization of service providers.
In addition, the economic conditions in most of Imperial County, including the City of Brawley,
limit the opportunity for voter approval of special taxes or assessments, including utility taxes.
For example, in comparison to the Statewide median household income of $61,320, in Brawley
the median household income is $41,718; and while 16.4% of California families are below the
poverty level, in Brawley 25.2% of families are below the poverty level (Census 2015). The
small size of the City also means slow overall growth in infrastructure funding from sources such
as property tax, user fees, and development impact fees.
The City currently has a weak commercial base. As a result, many residents from the City of
Brawley as well as nearby jurisdictions, commute to El Centro for their shopping needs.
Therefore, the City has the potential to capture more sales tax revenue by providing additional
commercial opportunities to those who might otherwise not shop in the City. As new commercial
developments occur within its jurisdiction, sales tax revenue will increase and will help to pay for
any previous and existing inadequacies in City facilities and services. In addition, more
residential development within the City will increase property tax revenue and will also help to
pay for any previous and existing inadequacies in City facilities and services.
CFDs and Impact Fees are mechanisms for future developments that will provide additional
funding for City facilities and/or services. Currently, there are seven CFDs that have been
formed within the City. The DIF Study was adopted in 2010. Therefore, sales and property
taxes, CFDs, and impact fees are expected to implement many of the recommendations shown
in this plan and provide for previous, existing, and future City facility and services needs.
Audited financial statements and City budgets are available at the City of Brawley. Complete
budgetary information is available for viewing at the City Finance Department.
This section of the SAP lists and describes the revenue sources and financing mechanisms that
are currently utilized by the City to fund the development and operation of the various facilities
and services discussed within Chapter four of this SAP. Revenue sources and financing
mechanisms that are not currently used but that are being reviewed and considered by the City
for future funding are also described.
5.2 EXISTING REVENUE SOURCES
The following discussion presents the sources of revenue that are currently utilized by the City
to accumulate finances necessary to develop and operate the various facilities and services
discussed in the SAP. The City projects revenue for future expansion of City services to come
from following the primary sources.
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5.2.1 Taxes
The City receives tax revenue from property taxes (landscape and lighting district), sales and
use taxes (including Measure D sales tax), transient lodging tax, franchise taxes, business
license tax, real property transfer tax, and utility users taxes.
5.2.2 Intergovernmental Sources
Revenue from intergovernmental sources primarily come from State and Federal transfers such
as motor vehicle license fees, sales and use taxes (including gas tax), and intergovernmental
grants (including community development block grants).
5.2.3 Service Charges and Impact Fees
Service charges include various fees for City services such as water, wastewater, and solid
waste services, recreation, library, parking, and dial-a-ride fares. In addition, jurisdictions often
charge private developers various development impact fees to assure that the demand for and
physical and financial impacts on public services and facilities caused by development projects
are adequately addressed. The DIF Study (David Taussig & Associates 2010) was prepared to
enable the City to update its development impact fees that include fees for the following
categories:
General Government Facilities
Library Facilities
Park Facilities
Airport Facilities
Police Facilities
Fire Facilities
Animal Control Facilities
Transportation Facilities
Stormwater Facilities
Administrative Facilities
The updated DIF Study was adopted on September 20, 2010.
5.2.4 Miscellaneous Revenue
This source of revenue results from property sales, workers compensation reimbursements,
contributions, rents and royalties, loan repayments, and airport rentals and leases. Other minor
sources of City revenue are licenses and permits, fines and forfeits, and interest on deposited
funds.
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5.3 FUTURE REVENUE SOURCES
The following discussion presents sources of revenue that the City Finance Department is
considering for future use to increase available financial resources and increase the efficiency of
operations.
5.3.1 Local Funding
There are eight CFDs that have been formed in the City :
1. Victoria Park (CFD No. 2005-1)
2. Gateway (CFD No. 2005-2)
3. La Paloma (CFD No. 2005-3)
4. Latigo Ranch (CFD No. 2005-4)
5. Malan Park (CFD No. 2006-1)
6. Luckey Ranch (CFD No. 2007-1)
7. Springhouse (CFD No. 2007-2)
8. Porter Ranch (CFD No. 2017-1)
5.3.2 State and Federal Funding
Various government programs are available at the State and Federal levels to assist local
jurisdictions in financing public facilities and services. The City will continue to seek out such
sources of revenue in the future. Most funding sources at the State level require an application
requesting assistance and specifying the projects or purposes for which the funds can be used.
Financial assistance from the State can include grants, low interest loans, and matching funds.
At the Federal level, financial assistance includes grants and Federal matching funds for State-
run assistance programs. Such State and Federal grants and other sources of revenue being
considered or that may be considered by the City include Community Development Block
Grants issued by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Congestion
Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program funding from the U.S. Department of
Transportation, and Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act money from the Federal
government.
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