LAFCO
Road Maintenance CSAs
Read the report at Local Agency Formation Commissions ↗
Countywide Road CSAs
Service and Sphere Review
(34 in total)
Adopted Version (November 2, 2022)
Local Agency Formation Commission of Santa Cruz County
701 Ocean Street, Room 318-D Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Website: www.santacruzlafco.org
Phone: (831) 454-2055
TABLE OF CONTENT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 9
Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 9
Structure of Report .................................................................................................................................... 9
Dependent Special Districts ...................................................................................................................... 9
Governance ............................................................................................................................................. 13
Financial Health ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Growth and Population ............................................................................................................................ 15
Transparency (Website Requirements) .................................................................................................. 16
Community Outreach .............................................................................................................................. 16
Spheres of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 17
Key Findings ........................................................................................................................................... 18
Recommended Actions ........................................................................................................................... 19
CSA 13 (HUTCHINSON ROAD/OAK FLAT) ............................................................................................. 20
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 20
Population and Growth ............................................................................................................................ 20
Finances .................................................................................................................................................. 23
Sphere of Influence ................................................................................................................................. 25
District Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 28
Service and Sphere Review Determinations .......................................................................................... 29
CSA 15 (HUCKLEBERRY WOODS) ......................................................................................................... 31
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 31
Population and Growth ............................................................................................................................ 31
Finances .................................................................................................................................................. 33
Sphere of Influence ................................................................................................................................. 35
District Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 38
Service and Sphere Review Determinations .......................................................................................... 39
CSA 16 (ROBAK DRIVE) ........................................................................................................................... 41
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 41
Population and Growth ............................................................................................................................ 41
Finances .................................................................................................................................................. 43
Sphere of Influence ................................................................................................................................. 45
District Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 48
Service and Sphere Review Determinations .......................................................................................... 49
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CSA 17 (EMPIRE ACRES) ......................................................................................................................... 51
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 51
Population and Growth ............................................................................................................................ 51
Finances .................................................................................................................................................. 53
Sphere of Influence ................................................................................................................................. 55
District Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 58
Service and Sphere Review Determinations .......................................................................................... 59
CSA 18 (WHITEHOUSE CANYON) ........................................................................................................... 61
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 61
Population and Growth ............................................................................................................................ 61
Finances .................................................................................................................................................. 63
Sphere of Influence ................................................................................................................................. 65
District Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 68
Service and Sphere Review Determinations .......................................................................................... 69
CSA 21 (WESTDALE) ................................................................................................................................ 71
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 71
Population and Growth ............................................................................................................................ 71
Finances .................................................................................................................................................. 73
Sphere of Influence ................................................................................................................................. 75
District Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 78
Service and Sphere Review Determinations .......................................................................................... 79
CSA 22 (KELLY HILL) ............................................................................................................................... 81
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 81
Population and Growth ............................................................................................................................ 81
Finances .................................................................................................................................................. 84
Sphere of Influence ................................................................................................................................. 86
District Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 89
Service and Sphere Review Determinations .......................................................................................... 90
CSA 23 (OLD RANCH ROAD) ................................................................................................................... 92
Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 92
Population and Growth ............................................................................................................................ 92
Finances .................................................................................................................................................. 95
Sphere of Influence ................................................................................................................................. 97
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 100
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 101
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CSA 24 (PINERIDGE) .............................................................................................................................. 103
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 103
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 103
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 105
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 107
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 110
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 111
CSA 25 (VIEW POINT ROAD) ................................................................................................................. 113
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 113
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 113
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 115
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 117
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 120
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 121
CSA 26 (HIDDEN VALLEY ROAD) ......................................................................................................... 123
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 123
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 124
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 127
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 129
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 132
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 133
CSA 28 (LOMOND TERRACE) ................................................................................................................ 135
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 135
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 135
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 138
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 140
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 143
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 144
CSA 30 (GLENWOOD ACRES) ............................................................................................................... 146
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 146
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 146
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 148
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 150
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 153
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 154
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CSA 32 (VIEW CIRCLE) ........................................................................................................................... 156
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 156
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 156
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 158
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 160
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 163
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 164
CSA 33 (REDWOOD DRIVE) ................................................................................................................... 166
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 166
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 166
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 169
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 171
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 174
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 175
CSA 34 (LARSEN ROAD) ........................................................................................................................ 177
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 177
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 177
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 180
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 182
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 185
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 186
CSA 35 (COUNTRY ESTATES) ............................................................................................................... 188
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 188
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 188
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 190
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 192
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 195
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 196
CSA 36 (FOREST GLEN) ......................................................................................................................... 198
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 198
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 198
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 201
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 203
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 206
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 207
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CSA 37 (ROBERTS ROAD) ..................................................................................................................... 209
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 209
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 209
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 212
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 214
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 217
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 218
CSA 39 (REED STREET) ......................................................................................................................... 220
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 220
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 220
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 222
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 223
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 226
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 227
CSA 40 (RALSTON WAY) ....................................................................................................................... 229
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 229
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 229
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 231
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 234
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 237
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 238
CSA 41 (LOMA PRIETA DRIVE) ............................................................................................................. 240
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 240
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 240
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 242
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 244
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 247
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 248
CSA 42 (SUNLIT LANE) .......................................................................................................................... 250
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 250
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 250
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 252
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 255
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 258
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 259
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CSA 43 (BONITA ENCINO) ..................................................................................................................... 261
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 261
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 261
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 263
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 265
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 268
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 269
CSA 44 (SUNBEAM WOODS) ................................................................................................................. 271
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 271
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 271
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 273
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 275
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 278
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 279
CSA 46 (PINECREST DRIVE).................................................................................................................. 281
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 281
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 282
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 284
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 287
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 290
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 291
CSA 47 (BRAEMOOR DRIVE) ................................................................................................................. 293
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 293
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 293
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 295
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 298
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 301
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 302
CSA 50 (THE VINEYARD) ....................................................................................................................... 304
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 304
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 304
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 306
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 308
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 311
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 312
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CSA 51 (HOPKINS GULCH ROAD) ........................................................................................................ 314
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 314
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 315
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 318
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 320
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 323
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 324
CSA 52 (UPPER PLEASANT VALLEY ROAD) ...................................................................................... 326
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 326
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 327
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 330
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 332
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 335
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 336
CSA 55 (RIVERDALE PARK) .................................................................................................................. 338
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 338
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 339
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 341
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 344
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 347
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 348
CSA 56 (FELTON GROVE) ...................................................................................................................... 350
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 350
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 350
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 352
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 354
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 357
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 358
CSA 58 (RIDGE DRIVE) ........................................................................................................................... 360
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 360
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 360
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 362
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 365
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 368
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 369
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CSA 59 (MCGAFFIGAN MILL ROAD) ..................................................................................................... 371
Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 371
Population and Growth .......................................................................................................................... 371
Finances ................................................................................................................................................ 373
Sphere of Influence ............................................................................................................................... 375
District Summary ................................................................................................................................... 378
Service and Sphere Review Determinations ........................................................................................ 379
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................................... 381
Appendix 1: CSA 13 (Hutchinson Road/Oak Flat) Formation Resolution .............................................................. 381
Appendix 2: CSA 15 (Huckleberry Woods) Formation Resolution ......................................................................... 381
Appendix 3: CSA 16 (Robak Drive) Formation Resolution .................................................................................... 381
Appendix 4: CSA 17 (Empire Acres) Formation Resolution ................................................................................... 381
Appendix 5: CSA 18 (Whitehouse Canyon) Formation Resolution ........................................................................ 381
Appendix 6: CSA 21 (Westdale Drive) Formation Resolution ................................................................................ 381
Appendix 7: CSA 22 (Kelly Hill Road) Formation Resolution ................................................................................. 381
Appendix 8: CSA 23 (Old Ranch Road) Formation Resolution .............................................................................. 381
Appendix 9: CSA 24 (Pineridge Road) Formation Resolution ............................................................................... 381
Appendix 10: CSA 25 (Viewpoint Road) Formation Resolution ............................................................................. 381
Appendix 11: CSA 26 (Hidden Valley) Formation Resolution ................................................................................ 381
Appendix 12: CSA 28 (Lomond Terrace) Formation Resolution ............................................................................ 381
Appendix 13: CSA 30 (Glenwood Acres) Formation Resolution ............................................................................ 381
Appendix 14: CSA 32 (View Circle) Formation Resolution .................................................................................... 381
Appendix 15: CSA 33 (Redwood Drive) Formation Resolution .............................................................................. 381
Appendix 16: CSA 34 (Larsen Road) Formation Resolution .................................................................................. 381
Appendix 17: CSA 35 (Country Estates) Formation Resolution ............................................................................. 381
Appendix 18: CSA 36 (Forest Glen) Formation Resolution ................................................................................... 381
Appendix 19: CSA 37 (Roberts Road) Formation Resolution ................................................................................ 381
Appendix 20: CSA 39 (Reed Street) Formation Resolution ................................................................................... 381
Appendix 21: CSA 40 (Ralston Way) Formation Resolution .................................................................................. 381
Appendix 22: CSA 41 (Loma Prieta Drive) Formation Resolution.......................................................................... 381
Appendix 23: CSA 42 (Sunlit Lane) Formation Resolution .................................................................................... 381
Appendix 24: CSA 43 (Bonito-Encino) Formation Resolution ................................................................................ 381
Appendix 25: CSA 44 (Sunbeam Woods) Formation Resolution ........................................................................... 381
Appendix 26: CSA 46 (Pinecrest Drive) Formation Resolution .............................................................................. 381
Appendix 27: CSA 47 (Braemoor Drive) Formation Resolution ............................................................................. 381
Appendix 28: CSA 50 (The Vineyard) Formation Resolution ................................................................................. 381
Appendix 29: CSA 51 (Hopkins Gulch) Formation Resolution ............................................................................... 381
Appendix 30: CSA 52 (Upper Pleasant Valley) Formation Resolution ................................................................... 381
Appendix 31: CSA 55 (Riverdale Park) Formation Resolution ............................................................................... 381
Appendix 32: CSA 56 (Felton Grove) Formation Resolution ................................................................................. 381
Appendix 33: CSA 58 (Ridge Drive) Formation Resolution ................................................................................... 381
Appendix 34: CSA 59 (McGaffigan Mill Road) Formation Resolution .................................................................... 381
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
This Service and Sphere of Influence Review provides information about the services and
boundaries involving the 34 road-related county service areas in Santa Cruz County. The
report will be used by the Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO) to conduct a
statutorily required review and update process. The Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act requires
that LAFCO conduct periodic reviews and updates of spheres of influence for all cities
and special districts in Santa Cruz County (Government Code section 56425). It also
requires LAFCO to conduct a review of municipal services before adopting sphere
updates (Government Code Section 56430). The last service and sphere review
conducted for the 34 road-related county service areas was in August 2017. In order to
analyze how enhanced road services are provided throughout Santa Cruz County, all 34
road county service areas will be evaluated in this comprehensive report.
Findings and Determinations
The service review process does not require LAFCO to initiate changes of organization
based on service review conclusions or findings; it only requires that LAFCO make
determinations regarding the delivery of public services in accordance with the provisions
of Government Code Section 56430. However, LAFCO, local agencies, and the public
may subsequently use the determinations and related analysis to consider whether to
pursue changes in service delivery, government organization, or spheres of influence.
CEQA Determination
Service and sphere reviews are informational documents and are generally exempt from
environmental review. LAFCO staff has conducted an environmental review of the
Districts’ existing spheres of influence pursuant to the California Environmental Quality
Act (CEQA) and determined that this report is exempt from CEQA. Such exemption is
due to the fact that it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the activity
in question may have a significant effect on the environment (Section 15061[b][3]).
Structure of Report
This Executive Summary presents a brief overview of the service review, key findings,
and recommended actions. The Agency Profile chapters contain individual evaluations
for each of the CSAs - highlighting specific characteristics, ongoing operations, current
fiscal health, and its importance within its jurisdictional area. The profiles conclude with
statutory determinations required for all service and sphere of influence reviews pursuant
to the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act. These chapters are followed by Appendices with
sources used to conduct the service review.
Dependent Special Districts
Road maintenance and services in unincorporated territory are provided by Santa Cruz
County. Enhanced or extended services provided to specific county roads are managed
by 34 separate dependent special districts known as county service areas (“CSAs”).
These CSAs are operated by the Santa Cruz County’s Public Works Department. In
accordance with the Commission’s Multi-Year Work Program, these 34 CSAs will be
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analyzed in this report. Figure 1 on page 11 provides an overview map depicting the
subject CSAs. Figure 2 on page 12 also indicates where the CSAs are located within the
five supervisorial districts. At present, Supervisorial District No. 5 has the most road CSAs
with approximately 53% (18 out 34). Table 1 provides an overview for each CSA.
Table 1: List of Affected County Service Areas (In Numerical Order)
CSA
Formation Sphere Estimated Total No. of No. of No. of
(34 in
Date Adoption Population Acres Lane Miles Parcels Zones
total)
CSA 13 10/9/1974 11/2/1988 555 1,141 12.26 195 3
CSA 15 4/4/1979 9/7/1988 73 93 Unavailable 84 -
CSA 16 4/4/1979 9/7/1988 105 113 0.97 78 -
CSA 17 4/4/1979 9/7/1988 19 209 1.52 67 -
CSA 18 4/4/1979 10/5/1983 8 2,029 3.67 54 -
CSA 21 5/7/1980 9/7/1988 69 51 0.88 39 -
CSA 22 2/4/1981 9/7/1988 10 58 0.88 20 4
CSA 23 1/7/1981 11/2/1988 179 250 2.99 44 4
CSA 24 1/7/1981 9/7/1988 50 174 2.34 100 -
CSA 25 6/3/1981 9/7/1988 29 32 0.54 57 -
CSA 26 8/4/1982 9/7/1988 46 355 2.82 91 17
CSA 28 8/7/1982 9/7/1988 349 143 2.77 94 2
CSA 30 12/1/1982 9/7/1988 13 116 0.89 26 -
CSA 32 3/2/1983 11/2/1988 16 18 0.55 11 -
CSA 33 3/2/1983 3/2/1983 60 371 6.31 286 11
CSA 34 3/2/1983 3/2/1983 29 409 2.31 57 3
CSA 35 3/2/1983 3/2/1983 61 49 1.18 33 -
CSA 36 3/2/1983 3/2/1983 393 208 2.23 77 6
CSA 37 4/6/1983 4/6/1983 79 256 2.05 94 4
CSA 39 6/1/1983 6/1/1983 30 6 0.07 14 -
CSA 40 6/1/1983 6/1/1983 9 58 0.65 18 4
CSA 41 8/3/1983 8/3/1983 56 27 1.06 111 -
CSA 42 9/7/1983 9/7/1983 323 172 1.28 46 3
CSA 43 9/7/1983 9/7/1983 47 28 1.04 93 -
CSA 44 10/2/1983 10/2/1983 76 20 0.75 63 -
CSA 46 10/2/1983 12/19/1983 30 379 1.67 60 20
CSA 47 1/9/1985 1/9/1985 84 755 1.29 58 2
CSA 50 10/7/1987 10/7/1987 27 61 1.65 57 -
CSA 51 9/6/1989 9/6/1989 34 716 4.07 68 15
CSA 52 11/7/1990 11/7/1990 27 388 1.58 54 18
CSA 55 8/7/1996 8/7/1996 35 35 0.91 69 9
CSA 56 2/4/1998 2/4/1998 165 11 0.57 56 -
CSA 58 12/5/2001 12/5/2001 356 61 0.30 25 4
CSA 59 9/4/2002 9/4/2002 7 53 0.42 70 -
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Figure 1: Countywide Map
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Figure 2: Supervisorial District Map
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Other Organizations (Under LAFCO’s Purview)
CSA 3 was formed on December 14, 1965 to provide a series of services, including road
maintenance, to the Seascape community. CSA 9 was formed on October 16, 1968 to
provide public works services to the unincorporated county territory and the City of Scotts
Valley. CSA 9 currently provides road maintenance within Zones D and E. Separate
standalone service and sphere reviews for CSAs 3 and 9 were adopted on June 7, 20191
and August 5, 20202 respectively. Therefore, CSAs 3 and 9 will not be analyzed in this
report.
Governance
The affected CSAs are dependent special district governed by the County Board of
Supervisors. All CSAs are formed and operate pursuant to the County Service Area Law
(Government Code Section 25210 et seq.). County Supervisors receive no additional
compensation for their CSA responsibilities. Santa Cruz County staff from the Public
Works Department manages the services related to the 34 CSAs.
Local Accountability & Structure
The current Board is as follows:
Table 2: Board of Directors
Board Member Supervisorial District Term of Office
First District
(Live Oak, Soquel, Summit,
First Elected: 2020
Manu Koenig Santa Cruz Gardens,
Next Election: Primary 2024
Carbonera, and parts of
Scotts Valley & Capitola)
Second District
(Aptos, Freedom, Corralitos, First Elected: 2012
Zach Friend
La Selva Beach, and parts of Next Election: Primary 2024
Capitola & Watsonville)
Third District
First Elected: 2014
Ryan Coonerty (Santa Cruz, Bonny Doon,
Next Election: Primary 2022
North Coast)
Fourth District First Elected: 2010
Greg Caput
(Pajaro Valley, Watsonville) Next Election: Primary 2022
Fifth District
(San Lorenzo Valley, most of First Elected: 2012
Bruce McPherson
Scotts Valley, parts of Santa Next Election: Primary 2024
Cruz, and Paradise Park)
The Board of Directors meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of Supervisors’ Chambers,
701 Ocean Street, Room 525. Meetings generally begin at 9:00am. Public notice is
provided through posting. However, LAFCO was not able to determine if and when board
meetings related to the 34 CSAs were conducted. This may be addressed as part of the
proposed website update recommended by LAFCO on page 16 on this report.
1 CSA 3 Service & Sphere Review: https://santacruzlafco.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/CSA-3-Aptos-
Seascape-Review-Final-6-7-19.pdf
2 CSA 9 Service & Sphere Review: https://santacruzlafco.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/CSA-9-
Service-Review-Adopted-Version-8-5-20.pdf
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Financial Health
County Service Areas are primarily funded through service charges. Table 3 highlights
whether each district had enough revenue to cover annual expenses during FY 2021-22.
A full review of all revenue funds for CSA during the past six years is discussed in the
Agency Profile Chapters within this report.
Table 3: Total Revenue vs. Total Expense (FY 2021-22: In Numerical Order)
CSA
Total Revenue Total Expense Surplus/(Deficit)
(34 in total)
CSA 13 $151,367 $123,430 $27,937
CSA 15 $44,583 $1,759 $42,824
CSA 16 $12,392 $52,182 $(39,790)
CSA 17 $11,394 $290 $11,105
CSA 18 $18,966 $18,040 $926
CSA 21 $4,689 $6,037 $(1,348)
CSA 22 $271 $162 $109
CSA 23 $169,075 $10,992 $158,083
CSA 24 $23,858 $287 $23,571
CSA 25 $11,151 $716 $10,435
CSA 26 $67,853 $27,345 $40,507
CSA 28 $54,655 $52,106 $2,549
CSA 30 $7,708 $1,153 $6,555
CSA 32 $2,851 $200 $2,651
CSA 33 $44,189 $1,321 $42,868
CSA 34 $1,013 $192 $821
CSA 35 $19,518 $247 $19,272
CSA 36 $23,654 $24,743 $(1,089)
CSA 37 $17,096 $678 $16,417
CSA 39 Fiscally inactive since FY 2020-21
CSA 40 $3,656 $234 $3,423
CSA 41 $29,724 $356 $29,368
CSA 42 $6,655 $494 $6,161
CSA 43 $21,647 $1,805 $19,843
CSA 44 $15,631 $415 $15,216
CSA 46 $37,811 $1,029 $36,782
CSA 47 $13,945 $459 $13,486
CSA 50 $23,399 $345 $23,054
CSA 51 $309,264 $42,968 $266,296
CSA 52 $6,262 $223 $6,038
CSA 55 $54,852 $23,197 $31,655
CSA 56 $12,802 $2,807 $9,994
CSA 58 $8,192 $22,031 $(13,840)
CSA 59 $16,795 $14,112 $2,683
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Growth and Population
The Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments (AMBAG) produces population
projections for cities and counties. However, projections for special districts are not
included in their estimate. AMBAG’s reporting does indicate that the unincorporated areas
within Santa Cruz County will experience a slow growth over the next fifteen years. The
2018 AMBAG Regional Growth Forecast Report states that the population in
unincorporated territory will grow at a rate of less than 1% every five years. Based on this
anticipated growth rate, LAFCO staff calculated the estimated population for each subject
agency from 2020 to 2040, as shown in Table 4:
Table 4: Population Estimates (Listed in Numerical Order)
CSA
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
(34 in total)
CSA 13 555 560 565 569 574
CSA 15 73 74 74 75 76
CSA 16 105 106 107 108 109
CSA 17 19 19 19 19 20
CSA 18 8 8 8 8 8
CSA 21 69 70 70 71 71
CSA 22 10 10 10 10 10
CSA 23 179 181 182 184 185
CSA 24 50 50 51 51 52
CSA 25 29 29 29 29 29
CSA 26 46 46 46 47 47
CSA 28 349 352 355 358 361
CSA 30 13 13 13 13 13
CSA 32 16 16 16 16 17
CSA 33 60 61 61 62 62
CSA 34 29 29 29 29 29
CSA 35 61 62 62 63 63
CSA 36 393 396 400 403 407
CSA 37 79 80 80 81 82
CSA 39 30 30 31 31 31
CSA 40 9 9 9 9 9
CSA 41 56 56 56 57 57
CSA 42 323 326 329 331 334
CSA 43 47 47 47 48 48
CSA 44 76 77 77 78 79
CSA 46 3 30 31 31 31
CSA 47 84 85 85 86 87
CSA 50 27 27 27 28 28
CSA 51 34 34 35 35 35
CSA 52 27 27 27 28 28
CSA 55 35 35 35 35 36
CSA 56 165 166 168 169 171
CSA 58 356 359 362 365 368
CSA 59 7 7 7 7 7
Footnote: Population projections calculated by LAFCO using ArcGIS and 2020 census data. Estimated
data may not reflect actual population within the area.
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Transparency (Website Requirements)
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 states that
the Internet Web Site, maintained by the independent special district, shall conform with
various laws in Government Code Sections 6270.5, 53893, 53908, 54954.2, and Section
32139 of the Health and Safety Code. In summary, a District’s Internet Website must
contain the following:
➢ Access to past and current, agendas, staff reports, and minutes
➢ Adopted budgets;
➢ Contact information and list of current board members;
➢ Information regarding public meetings (Brown Act);
➢ Service Reviews adopted by LAFCO;
➢ Recipients of grant funding or assistance provided by the district, if any;
➢ Audits (pursuant to GCS 26909) and adopted annual policies; and
➢ Any other information the board deems relevant
While dependent special districts, such as CSAs, are not statutorily required to fulfill the
requirements under Senate Bill 929, LAFCO staff is encouraging the County to revamp
their website in regards to the webpage dedicated to the CSAs. The current webpage has
numerous broken links, outdated information, and lacks transparency. LAFCO staff was
not able to find adopted budgets and other financial documents, scheduled capital
improvement projects, standalone board meeting agendas and minutes, or information
about the CSAs’ operational structure. Residents should have access to these basic
documentations, similar to constituents under independent special districts.
LAFCO Recommendation: The County must revamp its county service area webpage
to comply with the requirements under Senate Bill 929 to ensure adequate transparency.
The deadline to complete the webpage update will be October 31, 2023.
Community Outreach
Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there seems to be a lack of transparency regarding the 34
CSAs. It may be beneficial if LAFCO and the County coordinated with community
representatives from each CSA to discuss the report’s findings, determine the CSAs’
future, and build a better working relationship between the residents, the County, and
LAFCO. As a result, LAFCO staff would like to establish a clear community liaison for
each CSA for better communication going forward.
LAFCO Recommendation: Coordination between the County and LAFCO with
community representatives from each of the 34 CSAs to identify a “community liaison.”
Meetings with the identified liaison should be conducted by October 31, 2023.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 16 of 381
Spheres of Influence
City and special district spheres of influence define the probable physical boundaries and
service area of a local agency, as determined by the Commission (Government Code
Section 56076). The law requires that spheres be updated at least once every five years,
either concurrently or subsequently to the preparation of Municipal Service Reviews.
Spheres are determined and amended solely at the discretion of the Commission. In
determining the sphere of influence for each local agency, the Commission is required by
Government Code Section 56425(e) to consider certain factors, including:
• The present and planned uses in the area, including agricultural & open-space lands;
• The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area;
• The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that the
agency provides or is authorized to provide;
• The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if the
commission determines that they are relevant to the agency; and
• An update on a sphere of influence for a city or special district that provides public
facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or structural fire
protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July 1, 2012, the present
and probable need for those public facilities and services of any disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within the existing sphere of influence.
Sphere Determinations
The spheres of influence boundaries were originally adopted between 1983 to 2002.
Table 1 on page 10 shows when the original sphere boundaries were adopted for each
CSA. LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere be reaffirmed for most of the CSAs,
with the exception of CSAs 26, 28, 37, and 39.
The County has requested that CSA 39 be dissolved due to inactivity. Based on LAFCO
staff’s analysis, CSA 39 has been inactive for two consecutive years (FYs 2020-21 and
2021-22) and was previously operating in a deficit on an annual basis from FY 2016-17
to FY 2019-20. Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that a zero sphere be adopted
for CSA 39. A zero sphere adoption would be a precursor to a dissolution in the near
future. The dissolution may be initiated by the affected residents or the County.
The remaining three CSAs have spheres with parcels that are currently split, meaning
that a portion of one parcel is within the CSA while the other portion is outside the CSA.
This discrepancy may cause confusion to the County and landowners when considering
road repairs or other road-related projects. Staff is recommending that the sphere
boundaries for CSAs 26, 28, and 37 be amended to address the split parcels. The County
should consider annexing the remaining portions of these split parcels in the near future.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 17 of 381
Key Findings
The following are key findings of the 2022 Countywide Road CSA Service and Sphere of
Influence Review:
1. The County governs all road county service areas.
The 34 CSAs provide enhanced road services to specific locations as dependent
special districts. These districts are fully managed and operated by the County of
Santa Cruz. The majority of these road CSAs were formed between 1974 and 1989
(29 out of 34), while the last five were created in the early 1990s and 2000s. The last
road CSA was formed back in September 2002.
2. The county service areas lack transparency.
State law now requires independent special districts to maintain a robust website to
ensure that constituents are aware of the local agencies’ operations and finances.
While the law does not apply to dependent special districts, LAFCO is concerned with
the lack of transparency for the 34 CSAs. The County does have a webpage dedicated
to all the CSAs under the County’s purview; however, the webpage does not disclose
financial information, board meeting agendas and minutes, vicinity maps, or
scheduled capital improvement projects. Additionally, the webpage has outdated
information and has numerous broken links. LAFCO is recommending that the County
update its website by October 31, 2023.
3. The majority of the county service areas’ financial health lacks stability.
LAFCO has determined that seven CSAs (21%) have ended with a deficit at least
three times in the last six fiscal years and 19 CSAs (56%) have ended with a deficit at
least twice in the last six fiscal years. Only three CSAs (8%) have ended a fiscal year
without a deficit between 2016 to 2022.
4. Certain county service areas have funding zones.
The 34 CSAs are primarily funded through service charges, specifically annual benefit
assessments. These assessments are reviewed by the County on a yearly basis. Any
increase in those assessments require resident approval. Half of the 34 CSAs are
funded by a flat rate paid by the residents, while the other half are funded through
zones. The number of zones within a CSA range from two (CSAs 28 and 47) to 20
(CSA 46), each with different assigned rates. Pursuant to state law, LAFCOs have no
jurisdiction over zone boundaries. These boundaries are created and modified by the
County of Santa Cruz. However, it is important that the formation, purpose, and
distinction of each zone be available as public information. At present, this information
is not available on the County’s website.
5. The majority of the county service areas’ spheres are coterminous.
The original sphere boundaries for the CSAs were primarily adopted between 1983 to
1989, while the last five were concurrently adopted when the CSAs were formed in
the early 1990s and 2000s. Only eight of the current spheres go beyond a CSAs’
jurisdictional boundary, the rest are coterminous with the designated service area.
With the exception of CSAs 26, 28, 37, and 39, LAFCO is recommending that the
sphere boundaries be reaffirmed.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 18 of 381
Recommended Actions
Based on the analysis and findings in the 2022 Countywide Road CSAs Service and
Sphere of Influence Review, the Executive Officer recommends that the Commission:
1. Find that pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3) of the State CEQA Guidelines, LAFCO
determined that the service and sphere of influence review is not subject to the
environmental impact evaluation process because it can be seen with certainty that
there is no possibility that the activity in question may have a significant effect on the
environment and the activity is not subject to CEQA;
2. Determine, pursuant to Government Code Section 56425, the Local Agency
Formation Commission of Santa Cruz County is required to develop and determine a
sphere of influence for the 34 affected agencies, and review and update, as
necessary;
3. Determine, pursuant to Government Code Section 56430, the Local Agency
Formation Commission of Santa Cruz County is required to conduct a service review
before, or in conjunction with an action to establish or update a sphere of influence;
and
4. Adopt a Resolution (LAFCO No. 2022-14) approving the 2022 Countywide Service
and Sphere Review for Road County Service Areas with the following terms and
conditions:
a. Reaffirm the existing spheres of influence for the following County Service Areas:
13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46,
47, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 58, and 59;
b. Amend the spheres of influence for County Service Areas 26, 28, and 37
to address split parcels;
c. Adopt a zero sphere of influence for County Service Area 39 as a precursor to
dissolution;
d. Direct the Executive Officer to coordinate with the County of Santa Cruz and
resident representatives to discuss LAFCO’s findings, the current zone boundaries
(if applicable), and the future of each County Service Area by October 31, 2023;
e. Direct the Executive Officer to provide an update on the County’s website
improvements by November 2023; and
f. Direct the Executive Officer to distribute a copy of the adopted service and sphere
review to the County of Santa Cruz and any other interested agency or party,
including but not limited to the community liaisons for the 34 CSAs.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 19 of 381
CSA 13 (HUTCHINSON ROAD/OAK FLAT)
Overview
County Service Area 13 was formed on October 9, 1974 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 12.26 road miles. Appendix 1 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 195 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 1,100
acres). Figure 3, on page 21, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 13’s current jurisdictional
boundary. Only one boundary change has occurred since its inception, in which 16
parcels were annexed into CSA 13 back in 2005. At present, the majority of land within
the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential. Table 5 shows the benefit assessment
rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 13 has three funding zones
(Oak Flat and Zones A-B). Oak Flat and Zone A have maintained the same service charge
since FY 2017-18 but Zone B has seen an increase over the years. Figure 4 on page 22
shows the location of the zones. The County currently has 2 employees assigned to
manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 13.
Table 5: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 13 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Oak Flat $600.00 $600.00 $600.00 $600.00 $600.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Zone A $500.00 $500.00 $500.00 $500.00 $500.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Zone B $300.00 $800.00 $800.00 $826.40 $840.44
Change (%) 167% 0% 3% 2%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 13 was 2020 is estimated to be 555. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 6 shows the anticipated population within CSA 13. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 13. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 13 will be approximately 574 by 2040.
Table 6: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 13 555 560 565 569 574
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 20 of 381
Figure 3: CSA 13’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 21 of 381
Figure 4: CSA 13’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 22 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 13’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 8 on page 25.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $151,000,
representing a 2% increase from the previous year ($149,000 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $123,000, which increased by 110% from
the previous year ($59,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year
with a surplus, with the exception of FY 17-18, as shown in Figure 5. The deficit was due
to a scheduled road improvement project that cost approximately $1.6 million to complete.
LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s
ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 5: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$1,800,000
$1,585,974
$1,600,000
$1,400,000
$1,208,038
$1,200,000
$1,000,000
$800,000
$600,000
$400,000
$231,505 $221,348
$141,214
$151,367
$200,000 $149,119
$131,722 $123,430
$42,777 $58,641
$20,730
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 23 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $894,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 7 and Figure 6, the CSA’s fund balance has increased over the years and has
maintained an annual balance above $385,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO
staff believes the positive balance may continue. This healthy amount will be critical in
the event that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements
projects, or emergency repairs.
Table 7: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $764,196 $386,260 $574,988 $775,606 $866,084
Balance
Ending
$764,196 $386,260 $574,988 $775,606 $866,084 $894,021
Balance
Change ($) - $(377,936) $188,728 $200,618 $90,478 $27,937
Figure 6: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balnce)
$1,000,000
$894,021
$900,000 $866,084
$800,000 $764,196 $775,606
$700,000
$600,000 $574,988
$500,000
$386,260
$400,000
$300,000
$200,000
$100,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 24 of 381
Table 8: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 13 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ 42,291.89 $ 4 4,331.24 $ 4 6,367.17 $ 4 9,549.45 $ 1 44,115.77 $ 5 4,967.49
Interest $ 6,771.35 $ 3,378.94 $ (5,970.59) $ 1 1,109.24 $ 4,732.99 $ 3,526.49
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ 2 13,637.13 $ 3 7,141.00 $ 1 3,709.00 $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ 2 78.30 $ 270.34 $ 264.00 $ 271.00 $ 270.00 $ 266.00
FED-FEMA $ - $ 8 54,548.50 $ 6 1,831.00 $ 5 4,837.00 $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 91,872.00 $ 9 1,872.00 $ 9 1,872.00 $ 9 1,872.00 $ - $ 9 2,607.22
Total Revenues $ 141,213.54 $ 1,208,038.15 $ 2 31,504.58 $ 2 21,347.69 $ 1 49,118.76 $ 1 51,367.20
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Hutchinson Road $ 126,262.13 $ 1,580,891.50 $ 2 4,149.82 $ 5,961.16 $ 4 5,318.37 $ 3 3,095.89
Other Insurance $ 4,904.65 $ 5,082.62 $ 4,588.40 $ 4,156.75 $ 4,280.75 $ 3,133.00
Acct & Audit Fees $ 5 55.00 $ - $ 1,000.00 $ 500.00 $ 500.00 $ 500.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 8,523.73 $ 1,933.73 $ 329.73 $ 1,195.49
Depart Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 4,514.98 $ 2,445.03 $ 6,735.78 $ 1 3,128.78
Labor FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ 5,733.02 $ 1,476.06 $ 7 2,376.95
Total Expenditures $ 131,721.78 $ 1,585,974.12 $ 42,776.93 $ 20,729.69 $ 58,640.69 $ 1 23,430.11
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 9,491.76 $ (377,935.97) $ 1 88,727.65 $ 2 00,618.00 $ 90,478.07 $ 27,937.09
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 7 64,196.00 $ 3 86,260.03 $ 5 74,987.68 $ 7 75,605.68 $ 8 66,083.75
End of Year $ 764,196.00 $ 3 86,260.03 $ 5 74,987.68 $ 7 75,605.68 $ 8 66,083.75 $ 8 94,020.84
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 13’s first sphere of influence on November 2, 1988.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 7 on page
26 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 195 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 8
on page 27 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 25 of 381
Figure 7: CSA 13’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 26 of 381
Figure 8: CSA 13’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 27 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 13
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 12.26 road miles
District Area 1.64 square miles (appx. 1,050 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $151,367
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $123,430
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $894,021
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 28 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 13 in 2020 was estimated to be 555. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 574 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 13 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 13 is financially sound. The CSA ended with a surplus in five of the last six fiscal
years during 2016 to 2022. As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended
with approximately $894,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 29 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 13 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 13 has 195 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 12 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 13 has a population of approximately 555. The constituents fund the CSA
through three zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 30 of 381
CSA 15 (HUCKLEBERRY WOODS)
Overview
County Service Area 15 was formed on April 4, 1979 with the purpose of providing
extended road maintenance. Appendix 2 provides a copy of the formation resolution.
There is a total of 84 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 90 acres). Figure 9,
on page 32, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 15’s current jurisdictional boundary. No
boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the majority of land
within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential and Rural Residential. Table 9
shows the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows,
CSA 15 does not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate. The County
currently has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 15.
Table 9: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 15 $264.18 $600.00 $600.00 $600.00 $600.00
Change (%) 127% 0% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 15 was 2020 is estimated to be 73. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 10 shows the anticipated population within CSA 15. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 15. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 15 will be approximately 76 by 2040.
Table 10: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 15 73 74 74 75 76
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 31 of 381
Figure 9: CSA 15’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 32 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 15’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 12 on page 35.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $45,000,
representing a 1% increase from the previous year ($44,000 in FY 20-21). Total expenses
for FY 2021-22 were approximately $1,800, which decreased by less than 1% from the
previous year ($1,700 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, as shown in Figure 10. LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may
continue based upon the CSA’s ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated
expenses.
Figure 10: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$50,000
$45,529
$44,276 $44,583
$40,000
$30,000 $28,786
$21,833 $23,217
$20,829
$20,000
$10,577
$10,000
$2,312
$1,752 $1,759
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
$(2,033)
$(10,000)
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 33 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $257,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 11 and Figure 11, the CSA’s fund balance has increased over the years and has
maintained an annual balance above $85,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue. This healthy amount will be critical in the
event that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects,
or emergency repairs.
Table 11: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $85,436 $110,686 $128,895 $172,113 $214,637
Balance
Ending
$85,436 $110,686 $128,895 $172,113 $214,637 $257,461
Balance
Change ($) - $25,250 $18,209 $43,217 $42,524 $42,824
Figure 11: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$300,000
$257,461
$250,000
$214,637
$200,000
$172,113
$150,000
$128,895
$110,686
$100,000
$85,436
$50,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 34 of 381
Table 12: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 15 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ 6,050.74 $ 6,516.17 $ 7,168.86 $ 7,609.08 $ 7,942.60 $ 8,423.37
Interest $ 7 60.39 $ 1,230.63 $ 2,415.76 $ 2,832.05 $ 1,252.99 $ 1,074.70
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ 6 57.00 $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ 39.66 $ 3 9.60 $ 4 1.00 $ 4 2.00 $ 4 1.00 $ 3 9.00
FED-FEMA $ 2,625.00 $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 14,982.46 $ 15,430.76 $ 15,878.18 $ 35,046.00 $ 35,039.40 $ 35,046.00
Total Revenues $ 21,833.25 $ 23,217.16 $ 28,785.80 $ 45,529.13 $ 44,275.99 $ 44,583.07
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Huckleberry Woods $ 17,347.98 $ (3,831.55) $ 5,862.07 $ 5 58.15 $ 1 77.72 $ 1 66.79
Insurance $ 3,342.21 $ 1,798.50 $ 9 72.00 $ 9 84.00 $ 9 91.00 $ 1,100.00
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 2 20.06 $ 2 20.06 $ 2 24.95
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 2,367.89 $ 2 75.19 $ 1 68.36 $ 7 9.06
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 1,124.76 $ 2 74.44 $ 1 94.64 $ 1 88.49
Total Expenditures $ 20,828.94 $ ( 2,033.05) $ 10,576.72 $ 2 ,311.84 $ 1 ,751.78 $ 1 ,759.29
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 1,004.31 $ 25,250.21 $ 18,209.08 $ 43,217.29 $ 42,524.21 $ 42,823.78
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 85,435.99 $ 1 10,686.20 $ 1 28,895.28 $ 1 72,112.57 $ 2 14,636.78
End of Year $ 85,435.99 $ 1 10,686.20 $ 128,895.28 $ 172,112.57 $ 214,636.78 $ 257,460.56
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 15’s first sphere of influence on September 7, 1988.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 12 on
page 36 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 84 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 13
on page 37 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 35 of 381
Figure 12: CSA 15’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 36 of 381
Figure 13: CSA 15’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 37 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 15
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles Road miles data unavailable
District Area 93 square miles (appx. 59,520 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $44,583
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $1,759
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $257,461
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 38 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 15 in 2020 was estimated to be 73. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 76 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 15 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 15 is financially sound. The CSA ended with a surplus during the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $257,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 39 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential
and Rural Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family
residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 15 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 15 has 84 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to specific road miles within the community. However, the length of road miles
was unavailable during LAFCO’s analysis.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 15 has a population of approximately 73. The constituents fund the CSA a flat
rate benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 40 of 381
CSA 16 (ROBAK DRIVE)
Overview
County Service Area 16 was formed on April 4, 1979 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 0.97 road miles. Appendix 3 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 78 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 110 acres).
Figure 14, on page 42, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 16’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Urban Low Residential. Table 13 shows
the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 16
does not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate. The County currently
has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 16.
Table 13: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 16 $54.00 $54.00 $54.00 $54.00 $54.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 16 was 2020 is estimated to be 105. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 14 shows the anticipated population within CSA 16. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 16. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 16 will be approximately 109 by 2040.
Table 14: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 16 105 106 107 108 109
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 41 of 381
Figure 14: CSA 16’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 42 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 16’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 16 on page 45.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $12,000,
representing a 3% increase from the previous year ($11,900 in FY 20-21). Total expenses
for FY 2021-22 were approximately $52,000, which increased by 1,163% from the
previous year ($4,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, with the exception of FY 2016-17 and FY 2021-22, as shown in Figure 15. The
deficit was due to a scheduled road improvement project that cost approximately $45,000
to complete. LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based
upon the CSA’s ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Fund Balance / Net Position
Figure 15: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$60,000
$52,182
$50,000
$40,000
$30,000
$20,000
$12,794 $11,894 $12,239 $11,982 $12,392
$10,870 $11,248
$10,000
$5,405
$4,132
$3,594
$626
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 43 of 381
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $20,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 15 and Figure 16, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $20,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue. This healthy amount will be critical in the
event that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects,
or emergency repairs.
Table 15: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $26,464.78 $34,119.10 $40,608.28 $52,220.53 $60,070.49
Balance
Ending
$26,465 $34,119 $40,608 $52,221 $60,070 $20,280
Balance
Change ($) - $7,654 $6,489 $11,612 $7,850 $(39,790)
Figure 16: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$70,000
$60,070
$60,000
$52,221
$50,000
$40,608
$40,000
$34,119
$30,000
$26,465
$20,280
$20,000
$10,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 44 of 381
Table 16: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 16 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ 6,791.90 $ 7,032.05 $ 7,290.35 $ 7,519.01 $ 7,768.05 $ 8,297.26
Interest $ 2 37.38 $ 377.50 $ 7 66.12 $ 8 81.84 $ 3 77.28 $ 2 54.80
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ 45.26 $ 4 2.98 $ 4 2.00 $ 4 2.00 $ 4 1.00 $ 4 4.00
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 3,795.66 $ 3,795.66 $ 3,795.66 $ 3,795.66 $ 3,795.66 $ 3,795.66
Total Revenues $ 10,870.20 $ 11,248.19 $ 11,894.13 $ 12,238.51 $ 11,981.99 $ 12,391.72
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Robak Drive $ 12,655.46 $ 3,593.87 $ 3,075.23 $ 1 00.22 $ 3,048.89 $ 44,703.60
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 1,662.00
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 1,511.36 $ 3 26.55 $ 4 99.02 $ 1 00.22
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 5 68.36 $ 7 4.49 $ 4 59.12 $ 5,590.90
Total Expenditures $ 12,794.21 $ 3,593.87 $ 5 ,404.95 $ 626.26 $ 4 ,132.03 $ 52,181.72
Surplus/(Deficit) $ (1,924.01) $ 7,654.32 $ 6 ,489.18 $ 11,612.25 $ 7 ,849.96 $ ( 39,790.00)
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 26,464.78 $ 34,119.10 $ 40,608.28 $ 52,220.53 $ 60,070.49
End of Year $ 26,464.78 $ 34,119.10 $ 40,608.28 $ 52,220.53 $ 60,070.49 $ 20,280.49
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 16’s first sphere of influence on September 7, 1988.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 17 on
page 46 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 78 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 18
on page 47 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 45 of 381
Figure 17: CSA 16’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 46 of 381
Figure 18: CSA 16’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 47 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 16
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 0.97 road miles
District Area 0.18 square miles (appx. 113 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $12,392
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $52,182
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $20,280
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 48 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 16 in 2020 was estimated to be 105. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 109 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 16 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 16 is financially sound. The CSA ended with a surplus in four of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $20,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 49 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Urban Low
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 16 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 16 has 78 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 0.97 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 16 has a population of approximately 105. The constituents fund the CSA a flat
rate benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 50 of 381
CSA 17 (EMPIRE ACRES)
Overview
County Service Area 17 was formed on April 4, 1979 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 1.5 road miles. Appendix 4 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 67 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 210 acres).
Figure 19, on page 52, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 17’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural Residential. Table 17 shows the
benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 17 does
not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate. The County currently has 2
employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 17.
Table 17: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 17 $125.00 $125.00 $125.00 $125.00 $125.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 17 was 2020 is estimated to be 19. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 18 shows the anticipated population within CSA 17. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 17. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 17 will be approximately 20 by 2040.
Table 18: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 17 19 19 19 19 20
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 51 of 381
Figure 19: CSA 17’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 52 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 17’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 20 on page 55.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $11,000,
representing a 23% decrease from the previous year ($15,000 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $290, which decreased by 99% from the
previous year ($36,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended in a deficit in four of the
last six fiscal years, as shown in Figure 20. LAFCO staff believes that the overall negative
trend may continue unless the County collects the necessary funds to outset anticipated
expenses.
Figure 20: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$50,000
$44,399
$45,000
$40,000
$36,039
$35,000
$32,161
$30,000
$26,597
$24,953
$25,000
$20,000
$17,096
$15,778
$14,708
$15,000 $13,627
$11,394
$10,000
$5,147
$5,000
$290
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 53 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $114,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 19 and Figure 21, the CSA’s fund balance has decreased over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $100,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO
staff believes the positive balance may deplete unless the County collects the necessary
funds to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the
event that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects,
or emergency repairs.
Table 19: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $146,822.62 $131,757.53 $113,955.59 $124,587.39 $103,257.01
Balance
Ending
$146,823 $131,758 $113,956 $124,587 $103,257 $114,362
Balance
Change ($) - $(15,065) $(17,802) $10,632 $(21,330) $11,105
Figure 21: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$160,000
$146,823
$140,000
$131,758
$124,587
$120,000 $113,956 $114,362
$103,257
$100,000
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 54 of 381
Table 20: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 17 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ 5,917.60 $ 6,112.76 $ 7,018.19 $ 7,111.92 $ 7,509.07 $ 4,551.24
Interest $ 1,360.77 $ 1,644.48 $ 2,354.00 $ 2,317.26 $ 8 50.05 $ 4 95.71
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ 2,991.00 $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ 38.28 $ 3 6.06 $ 3 9.00 $ 3 8.00 $ 3 8.00 $ 3 6.00
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ 10,875.00 $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 6,310.74 $ 6,311.24 $ 6,311.24 $ 6,311.24 $ 6,311.24 $ 6,311.24
Total Revenues $ 13,627 $ 1 7,096 $ 26,597 $ 15,778 $ 14,708 $ 11,394
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Empire Acres $ 24,814.41 $ 3 2,160.63 $ 38,326.72 $ 4,211.64 $ 31,170.66 $ 1 33.54
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 1,073.29 $ 2 24.53 $ 7 38.77 $ -
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 4,749.36 $ 5 85.45 $ 4,004.31 $ 3 1.02
Total Expenditures $ 24,953 $ 3 2,161 $ 44,399 $ 5,147 $ 36,039 $ 2 90
Surplus/(Deficit) $ ( 11,325.77) $ ( 15,065.09) $ ( 17,801.94) $ 10,631.80 $ ( 21,330.38) $ 11,104.63
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 146,822.62 $ 1 31,757.53 $ 1 13,955.59 $ 1 24,587.39 $ 1 03,257.01
End of Year $ 1 46,823 $ 1 31,758 $ 1 13,956 $ 1 24,587 $ 1 03,257 $ 1 14,362
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 17’s first sphere of influence on September 7, 1988.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 22 on
page 56 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 67 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 23
on page 57 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 55 of 381
Figure 22: CSA 17’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 56 of 381
Figure 23: CSA 17’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 57 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 17
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 1.52 road miles
District Area 0.33 square miles (appx. 209 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $11,394
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $290
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $114,362
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 58 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 17 in 2020 was estimated to be 19. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 20 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 17 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 17 is financially distressed. The CSA ended with a deficit in four of the last six
fiscal years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended
with approximately $114,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 59 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 17 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 17 has 67 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 1.52 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 17 has a population of approximately 19. The constituents fund the CSA a flat
rate benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 60 of 381
CSA 18 (WHITEHOUSE CANYON)
Overview
County Service Area 18 was formed on April 4, 1979 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 3.67 road miles. Appendix 5 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 54 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 2,000
acres). Figure 24, on page 62, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 18’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential. Table 21 shows
the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 18
does not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate. The County currently
has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 18.
Table 21: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 18 $50.00 $125.00 $250.00 $50.00 $100.00
Change (%) 150% 100% -80% 100%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 18 was 2020 is estimated to be 8. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 22 shows the anticipated population within CSA 18. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 18. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 18 will be approximately 8 by 2040.
Table 22: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 18 8 8 8 8 8
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 61 of 381
Figure 24: CSA 18’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 62 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 18’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 24 on page 65.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $19,000,
representing a 178% increase from the previous year ($7,000 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $18,000, which decreased by 23% from
the previous year ($23,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year
with a surplus, with the exception of FY 2019-20 and FY 2020-21, as shown in Figure 25.
LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s
ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 25: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$25,000
$23,453
$20,000
$18,966
$18,040
$14,934
$15,000
$10,000
$7,622 $7,724
$6,632 $6,896 $6,830
$6,332
$4,633
$5,000
$86
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 63 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $51,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 23 and Figure 26, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $49,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may deplete unless the County collects the necessary funds
to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 23: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $66,307.14 $72,853.65 $73,579.78 $66,369.57 $49,746.21
Balance
Ending
$66,307 $72,854 $73,580 $66,370 $49,746 $50,672
Balance
Change ($) - $6,547 $726 $(7,210) $(16,623) $926
Figure 26: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$80,000
$72,854 $73,580
$70,000
$66,307 $66,370
$60,000
$50,672
$49,746
$50,000
$40,000
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 64 of 381
Table 24: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 18 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ 3,706.78 $ 3,795.60 $ 4,184.54 $ 4,234.28 $ 4,428.90 $ 2,606.86
Interest $ 5 71.03 $ 833.65 $ 1,434.55 $ 1,487.29 $ 4 16.44 $ 2 75.51
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 2,420.00
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ 24.78 $ 2 2.80 $ 2 3.00 $ 2 2.00 $ 2 2.00 $ 2 2.00
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 9,681.56
Other Road & Street Services $ 2,029.50 $ 1,980.00 $ 1,980.00 $ 1,980.00 $ 1,962.55 $ 3,960.00
Total Revenues $ 6,332.09 $ 6,632.05 $ 7 ,622.09 $ 7 ,723.57 $ 6 ,829.89 $ 18,965.93
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Whitehouse Canyon $ 4,494.26 $ 8 5.54 $ 2 45.38 $ 12,688.12 $ 17,920.05 $ 15,849.66
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 5,667.93 $ 3 44.39 $ 2,856.85 $ 1 48.26
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 7 32.65 $ 1,776.27 $ 2,551.35 $ 1,916.96
Total Expenditures $ 4 ,633.01 $ 85.54 $ 6 ,895.96 $ 14,933.78 $ 23,453.25 $ 18,039.88
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 1,699.08 $ 6,546.51 $ 726.13 $ (7,210.21) $ ( 16,623.36) $ 926.05
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 66,307.14 $ 72,853.65 $ 73,579.78 $ 66,369.57 $ 49,746.21
End of Year $ 66,307.14 $ 72,853.65 $ 73,579.78 $ 66,369.57 $ 49,746.21 $ 50,672.26
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 17’s first sphere of influence on October 5, 1983. The
current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 27 on
page 66 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 54 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 28
on page 67 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 65 of 381
Figure 27: CSA 18’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 66 of 381
Figure 28: CSA 18’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 67 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 18
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 3.67 road miles
District Area 3.17 square miles (appx. 2,029 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $18,966
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $18,040
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $50,672
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 68 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 18 in 2020 was estimated to be 8. Based on LAFCO’s analysis,
the population within the CSA will be approximately 8 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 18 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 18 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in four of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $51,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 69 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 18 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 18 has 54 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 3.67 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 18 has a population of approximately 8. The constituents fund the CSA a flat rate
benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis.
Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 70 of 381
CSA 21 (WESTDALE)
Overview
County Service Area 21 was formed on May 7, 1980 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 0.88 road miles. Appendix 6 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 39 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 50 acres).
Figure 29, on page 72, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 21’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural Residential. Table 25 shows the
benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 21 does
not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate. The County currently has 2
employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 21.
Table 25: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 21 $103.00 $105.98 $110.10 $113.72 $115.64
Change (%) 3% 4% 3% 2%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 21 was 2020 is estimated to be 69. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 26 shows the anticipated population within CSA 21. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 21. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 21 will be approximately 71 by 2040.
Table 26: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 21 69 70 70 71 71
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 71 of 381
Figure 29: CSA 21’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 72 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 21’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 28 on page 75.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $4,700,
representing a 7% decrease from the previous year ($5,000 in FY 20-21). Total expenses
for FY 2021-22 were approximately $6,000, which increased by 1,102% from the previous
year ($502 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended in a deficit in three of the last six
fiscal years, as shown in Figure 30. LAFCO staff believes that the overall negative trend
may continue unless the County collects the necessary funds to outset anticipated
expenses.
Figure 30: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$9,000
$7,962
$8,000
$7,000
$6,037
$6,000
$5,110 $5,107 $5,039
$4,889
$5,000 $4,689
$4,472
$4,229
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
$502
$422
$306
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 73 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $50,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 27 and Figure 31, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $41,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may deplete unless the County collects the necessary funds
to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 27: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $45,396.00 $41,906.61 $41,685.03 $46,369.76 $50,905.93
Balance
Ending
$45,396 $41,907 $41,685 $46,370 $50,906 $49,558
Balance
Change ($) - $(3,489) $(222) $4,685 $4,536 $(1,348)
Figure 31: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$60,000
$50,906
$49,558
$50,000
$46,370
$45,396
$41,907 $41,685
$40,000
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 74 of 381
Table 28: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 21 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 3 68.35 $ 495.47 $ 7 96.90 $ 8 56.17 $ 3 23.91 $ 2 24.35
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 3,861.00 $ 3,976.82 $ 4,091.88 $ 4,250.96 $ 4,714.63 $ 4,464.86
Total Revenues $ 4 ,229.35 $ 4,472.29 $ 4 ,888.78 $ 5 ,107.13 $ 5 ,038.54 $ 4 ,689.21
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Westdale $ 1 67.53 $ 7,961.68 $ 3,955.05 $ 5 5.06 $ 2 52.38 $ 5,265.13
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 3 63.67 $ 1 92.09 $ 6 9.17 $ -
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 5 41.64 $ 5 0.25 $ 5 5.82 $ 6 46.82
Total Expenditures $ 306.28 $ 7,961.68 $ 5 ,110.36 $ 422.40 $ 502.37 $ 6 ,036.95
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 3,923.07 $ ( 3,489.39) $ ( 221.58) $ 4 ,684.73 $ 4 ,536.17 $ (1,347.74)
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 45,396.00 $ 41,906.61 $ 41,685.03 $ 46,369.76 $ 50,905.93
End of Year $ 45,396.00 $ 41,906.61 $ 41,685.03 $ 46,369.76 $ 50,905.93 $ 49,558.19
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 21’s first sphere of influence on September 7, 1988.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 32 on
page 76 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 39 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 33
on page 77 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 75 of 381
Figure 32: CSA 21’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 76 of 381
Figure 33: CSA 21’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 77 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 21
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 0.88 road miles
District Area 0.08 square miles (appx. 51 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $4,689
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $6,037
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $49,558
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 78 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 21 in 2020 was estimated to be 69. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 71 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 21 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 21 is financially distressed. The CSA ended with a deficit in three of the last six
fiscal years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended
with approximately $50,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 79 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 21 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 21 has 39 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 0.88 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 21 has a population of approximately 69. The constituents fund the CSA a flat
rate benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 80 of 381
CSA 22 (KELLY HILL)
Overview
County Service Area 22 was formed on February 4, 1981 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 0.88 road miles. Appendix 7 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 20 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 60 acres).
Figure 29, on page 82, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 22’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential. Table 29 shows
the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 22
has four funding zones (Zones 1-4). All four zones continue to pay the same service
charge since FY 2017-18. Figure 30 on page 83 shows the location of the zones. The
County currently has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA
22.
Table 29: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 22 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Zone 1 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00
Zone 2 $17.50 $17.50 $17.50 $17.50 $17.50
Zone 3 $35.00 $35.00 $35.00 $35.00 $35.00
Zone 4 $17.50 $17.50 $17.50 $17.50 $17.50
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 22 was 2020 is estimated to be 10. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 30 shows the anticipated population within CSA 22. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 22. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 22 will be approximately 10 by 2040.
Table 30: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 22 10 10 10 10 10
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 81 of 381
Figure 29: CSA 22’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 82 of 381
Figure 30: CSA 22’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 83 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 22’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 32 on page 86.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $271,
representing a 0.73% decrease from the previous year ($273 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $162, which decreased by 62% from the
previous year ($429 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended in a deficit in four of the
last six fiscal years, as shown in Figure 31. LAFCO staff believes that the overall negative
trend may continue unless the County collects the necessary funds to outset anticipated
expenses.
Figure 31: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$50,000
$46,731
$45,000
$40,000
$35,000
$32,845
$30,000
$25,000
$20,000
$15,000 $13,461
$10,000
$5,000
$1,459 $1,26$71 ,387
$478 $343 $273$ 429 $271$ 162
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 84 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $808. The
following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in Table
31 and Figure 32, the CSA’s fund balance has negatively fluctuated over the years and
has maintained an annual balance above $85. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may deplete unless the County collects the necessary funds
to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 31: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $206.31 $87.03 $13,973.23 $855.28 $698.75
Balance
Ending
$206 $87 $13,973 $855 $699 $808
Balance
Change ($) - $(119) $13,886 $(13,118) $(157) $109
Figure 32: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$16,000
$13,973
$14,000
$12,000
$10,000
$8,000
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
$855 $699 $808
$206 $87
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 85 of 381
Table 32: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 22 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 10.99 $ - $ 5 38.17 $ 7 5.70 $ 5.67 $ 3.67
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ 6,184.00 $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ 24,742.00 $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ 15,000.00 $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 4 67.24 $ 1,267.30 $ 2 67.29 $ 2 67.29 $ 2 67.29 $ 2 67.29
Total Revenues $ 478.23 $ 1,267.30 $ 46,731.46 $ 342.99 $ 272.96 $ 270.96
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Kelly Hill $ 1,320.25 $ 1,386.58 $ 25,596.29 $ 13,135.83 $ 1 18.42 $ 1 9.76
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 3,479.83 $ 1 57.71 $ 1 38.34 $ -
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 3,519.14 $ 4 2.40 $ 4 7.73 $ 1 7.37
Total Expenditures $ 1 ,459.00 $ 1,386.58 $ 32,845.26 $ 13,460.94 $ 429.49 $ 162.13
Surplus/(Deficit) $ ( 980.77) $ (119.28) $ 13,886.20 $ ( 13,117.95) $ ( 156.53) $ 108.83
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 206.31 $ 8 7.03 $ 13,973.23 $ 8 55.28 $ 6 98.75
End of Year $ 206.31 $ 87.03 $ 13,973.23 $ 855.28 $ 698.75 $ 807.58
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 22’s first sphere of influence on September 7, 1988.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 33 on
page 87 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 20 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 34
on page 88 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 86 of 381
Figure 33: CSA 22’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 87 of 381
Figure 34: CSA 22’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 88 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 22
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 0.88 road miles
District Area 0.09 square miles (appx. 58 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $271
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $162
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $808
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 89 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 22 in 2020 was estimated to be 10. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 10 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 22 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 22 is financially distressed. The CSA ended with a deficit in four of the last six
fiscal years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended
with approximately $808.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 90 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 22 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 22 has 20 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 0.88 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 22 has a population of approximately 10. The constituents fund the CSA through
four zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis. Any
increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 91 of 381
CSA 23 (OLD RANCH ROAD)
Overview
County Service Area 23 was formed on January 7, 1981 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 2.99 road miles. Appendix 8 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 44 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 250 acres).
Figure 36, on page 93, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 23’s current jurisdictional
boundary. Only one boundary change has occurred since its inception, in which two
parcels were annexed into CSA 23 back in 2005. At present, the majority of land within
the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential. Table 34 shows the benefit assessment
rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 23 has four funding zones
(Zones A-C and MBR). All four zones pay a different rate. Figure 37 on page 94 shows
the location of the zones. The County currently has 2 employees assigned to manage all
34 road CSAs, including CSA 23.
Table 34: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 23 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Zone A $185.40 $370.80 $370.80 $383.04 $389.54
Change (%) 100% 0% 3% 2%
Zone B $329.60 $659.20 $659.20 $680.94 $692.50
Change (%) 100% 0% 3% 2%
Zone C $432.60 $865.20 $865.20 $893.74 $908.92
Change (%) 100% 0% 3% 2%
Zone MBR - $5,370.80 $2,870.80 $2,883.04 $2,889.54
Change (%) - -47% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 23 was 2020 is estimated to be 179. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 35 shows the anticipated population within CSA 23. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 23. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 23 will be approximately 185 by 2040.
Table 35: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 23 179 181 182 184 185
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 92 of 381
Figure 36: CSA 23’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 93 of 381
Figure 37: CSA 23’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 94 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 23’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 37 on page 97.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $169,000,
representing a 35% decrease from the previous year ($262,000 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $11,000, which decreased by 96% from
the previous year ($291,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended in a deficit in three
of the last six fiscal years, as shown in Figure 38. LAFCO staff believes that the overall
negative trend may continue unless the County collects the necessary funds to outset
anticipated expenses.
Figure 38: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$350,000
$300,000 $291,304
$282,698
$261,520
$250,000
$200,000
$169,075
$164,890
$151,490
$150,000
$104,572
$100,000
$58,656
$50,000
$36,611
$17,002
$10,073 $10,992
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 95 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $118,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 36 and Figure 39, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years and has
reached a negative balance twice (FY 2019-20 and FY 2020-21). Based on this historical
trend, LAFCO staff believes the current positive balance may deplete once again unless
the County collects the necessary funds to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund
balance amount will be critical in the event that the CSA faces any unintended expenses,
major capital improvements projects, or emergency repairs.
Table 36: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $38,337.97 $85,255.87 $107,300.90 $(10,506.16) $(40,290.31)
Balance
Ending
$38,338 $85,256 $107,301 $(10,506) $(40,290) $117,793
Balance
Change ($) - $46,918 $22,045 $(117,807) $(29,784) $158,083
Figure 39: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$140,000
$117,793
$120,000
$107,301
$100,000
$85,256
$80,000
$60,000
$38,338
$40,000
$20,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
$(10,506)
$(20,000)
$(40,000)
$(40,290)
$(60,000)
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 96 of 381
Table 37: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 23 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 4 49.80 $ 419.06 $ 2,131.92 $ 2,424.52 $ (1,002.93) $ 1 25.00
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ 18,254.25 $ 3,143.00 $ 2 0,167.00 $ 46,607.75 $ 26,017.28
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ 73,017.00 $ 13,758.00 $ 3 0,000.00 $ 1 86,429.00 $ 1 13,107.75
Other Revenue $ - $ 46,000.00 $ - $ 8 2,576.00 $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 9,622.80 $ 13,799.48 $ 39,622.97 $ 2 9,722.97 $ 29,486.35 $ 29,824.82
Total Revenues $ 10,072.60 $ 1 51,489.79 $ 58,655.89 $ 1 64,890.49 $ 261,520.17 $ 169,074.85
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Old Ranch Road $ 16,863.20 $ 1 04,571.89 $ 24,746.72 $ 9,091.80 $ 11,211.33 $ 10,202.92
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ 229,582.37 $ 2 40,634.53 $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 3 24.62 $ 156.12 $ 5 00.00 $ 5 00.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 8,353.04 $ 1 2,443.86 $ 8,511.19 $ 5 0.82
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 3,186.48 $ 3 1,423.40 $ 30,447.27 $ 2 37.78
Total Expenditures $ 17,001.95 $ 1 04,571.89 $ 36,610.86 $ 2 82,697.55 $ 291,304.32 $ 10,991.52
Surplus/(Deficit) $ (6,929.35) $ 46,917.90 $ 22,045.03 $ (117,807.06) $ ( 29,784.15) $ 158,083.33
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 38,337.97 $ 85,255.87 $ 1 07,300.90 $ (10,506.16) $ (40,290.31)
End of Year $ 38,337.97 $ 85,255.87 $ 107,300.90 $ ( 10,506.16) $ ( 40,290.31) $ 117,793.02
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 23’s first sphere of influence on November 2, 1988.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 40 on
page 98 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 44 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 41
on page 99 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 97 of 381
Figure 40: CSA 23’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 98 of 381
Figure 41: CSA 23’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 99 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 23
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 2.99 road miles
District Area 0.39 square miles (appx. 250 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $169,075
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $10,992
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $117,793
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 100 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 23 in 2020 was estimated to be 179. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 185 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 23 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 23 is financially distressed. The CSA ended with a deficit in three of the last six
fiscal years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended
with approximately $118,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 101 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 23 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 23 has 44 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 2.99 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 23 has a population of approximately 179. The constituents fund the CSA
through four zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis.
Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 102 of 381
CSA 24 (PINERIDGE)
Overview
County Service Area 24 was formed on January 7, 1981 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 2.34 road miles. Appendix 9 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 100 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 175
acres). Figure 42, on page 104, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 24’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural and Mountain Residential. Table
38 shows the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows,
CSA 24 does not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate. The County
currently has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 24.
Table 38: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 24 $200.00 $200.00 $243.80 $251.84 $256.12
Change (%) 0% 22% 3% 2%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 24 was 2020 is estimated to be 50. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 39 shows the anticipated population within CSA 24. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 24. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 24 will be approximately 51 by 2040.
Table 39: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 24 50 50 51 51 51
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 103 of 381
Figure 42: CSA 24’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 104 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 24’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 41 on page 107.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $24,000,
representing a 2% increase from the previous year ($23,000 in FY 20-21). Total expenses
for FY 2021-22 were approximately $287, which decreased by 73% from the previous
year ($1,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a surplus,
with the exception of FY 2019-20, as shown in Figure 43. The deficit was due to a
scheduled road improvement project that cost approximately $84,000 to complete.
LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s
ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 43: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$120,000
$100,000
$95,817
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
$23,799 $23,409 $23,858
$18,859 $19,274 $20,205
$20,000
$2,214
$372 $877 $1,057 $287
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 105 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $73,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 40 and Figure 44, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $25,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue as the County collects the necessary funds
to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 40: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $62,933.74 $81,330.38 $99,321.54 $27,303.75 $49,656.22
Balance
Ending
$62,934 $81,330 $99,322 $27,304 $49,656 $73,228
Balance
Change ($) - $18,397 $17,991 $(72,018) $22,352 $23,571
Figure 44: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$120,000
$99,322
$100,000
$81,330
$80,000
$73,228
$62,934
$60,000
$49,656
$40,000
$27,304
$20,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 106 of 381
Table 41: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 24 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 4 44.74 $ 859.94 $ 1,790.84 $ 1,352.61 $ 2 26.77 $ 2 77.40
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 18,414.00 $ 18,414.00 $ 18,414.00 $ 2 2,446.66 $ 23,182.60 $ 23,580.96
Total Revenues $ 18,858.74 $ 19,273.94 $ 20,204.84 $ 23,799.27 $ 23,409.37 $ 23,858.36
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Pineridge $ 2 32.75 $ 877.30 $ 1 31.28 $ 8 4,283.14 $ 3 28.61 $ 1 31.28
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 1,609.29 $ 1 3.82 $ 4 85.85 $ -
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 2 23.11 $ 1 1,395.10 $ 1 17.44 $ 3 0.75
Total Expenditures $ 371.50 $ 8 77.30 $ 2 ,213.68 $ 95,817.06 $ 1 ,056.90 $ 287.03
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 18,487.24 $ 18,396.64 $ 17,991.16 $ ( 72,017.79) $ 22,352.47 $ 23,571.33
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 62,933.74 $ 81,330.38 $ 9 9,321.54 $ 27,303.75 $ 49,656.22
End of Year $ 62,933.74 $ 81,330.38 $ 99,321.54 $ 27,303.75 $ 49,656.22 $ 73,227.55
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 24’s first sphere of influence on September 7, 1988.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 45 on
page 108 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 100 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 46
on page 109 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 107 of 381
Figure 45: CSA 24’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 108 of 381
Figure 46: CSA 24’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 109 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 24
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 2.34 road miles
District Area 0.27 square miles (appx. 174 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $23,858
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $287
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $73,228
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 110 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 24 in 2020 was estimated to be 50. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 51 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 24 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 24 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in five of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $73,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 111 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural and Mountain
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 24 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 24 has 100 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 2.34 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 24 has a population of approximately 50. The constituents fund the CSA a flat
rate benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 112 of 381
CSA 25 (VIEW POINT ROAD)
Overview
County Service Area 25 was formed on June 3, 1981 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 0.54 road miles. Appendix 10 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 57 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 30 acres).
Figure 47, on page 114, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 25’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Urban Low Residential. Table 42 shows
the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 25
does not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate. The County currently
has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 25.
Table 42: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 25 $200.00 $200.00 $243.80 $251.84 $256.12
Change (%) 0% 22% -18% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 25 was 2020 is estimated to be 29. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 43 shows the anticipated population within CSA 25. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 25. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 25 will be approximately 29 by 2040.
Table 43: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 25 29 29 29 29 29
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 113 of 381
Figure 47: CSA 25’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 114 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 25’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 45 on page 117.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $11,200,
representing a 1% decrease from the previous year ($11,300 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $716, which increased by 64% from the
previous year ($438 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, with the exception of FY 2018-19, as shown in Figure 48. The deficit was due to
a scheduled road improvement project that cost approximately $33,000 to complete.
LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s
ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 48: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$45,000
$40,000
$38,220
$35,000
$30,000
$25,000
$20,000
$15,000
$12,279 $12,246
$11,858
$11,444 $11,288 $11,151
$10,000
$4,659
$5,000 $4,038
$2,443
$438 $716
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 115 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $106,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 44 and Figure 49, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $90,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue as the County collects the necessary funds
to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 44: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $92,829.46 $102,244.24 $76,302.93 $84,510.74 $95,361.25
Balance
Ending
$92,829 $102,244 $76,303 $84,511 $95,361 $105,796
Balance
Change ($) - $9,415 $(25,941) $8,208 $10,851 $10,435
Figure 49: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$120,000
$105,796
$102,244
$100,000 $95,361
$92,829
$84,511
$80,000 $76,303
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 116 of 381
Table 45: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 25 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 7 51.87 $ 1,165.56 $ 1,586.88 $ 1,553.68 $ 5 96.03 $ 4 58.59
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 10,692.00 $ 10,692.00 $ 10,692.00 $ 1 0,692.00 $ 10,692.00 $ 10,692.00
Total Revenues $ 11,443.87 $ 11,857.56 $ 12,278.88 $ 12,245.68 $ 11,288.03 $ 11,150.59
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - View Point Road $ 4,520.62 $ 2,442.78 $ 32,911.23 $ 2,956.22 $ 1 74.89 $ 4 37.84
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 9 72.11 $ 476.37 $ 8 9.01 $ 7 6.22
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 4,086.85 $ 480.28 $ 4 8.62 $ 7 6.69
Total Expenditures $ 4 ,659.37 $ 2,442.78 $ 38,220.19 $ 4,037.87 $ 437.52 $ 715.75
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 6,784.50 $ 9,414.78 $ ( 25,941.31) $ 8,207.81 $ 10,850.51 $ 10,434.84
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 92,829.46 $ 1 02,244.24 $ 7 6,302.93 $ 84,510.74 $ 95,361.25
End of Year $ 92,829.46 $ 1 02,244.24 $ 76,302.93 $ 84,510.74 $ 95,361.25 $ 105,796.09
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 25’s first sphere of influence on September 7, 1988.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 50 on
page 118 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 57 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 51
on page 119 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 117 of 381
Figure 50: CSA 25’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 118 of 381
Figure 51: CSA 25’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 119 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 25
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 0.54road miles
District Area 0.05 square miles (appx. 32 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $11,151
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $716
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $105,796
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 120 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 25 in 2020 was estimated to be 29. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 29 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 25 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 25 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in five of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $106,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 121 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Urban Low
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 25 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 25 has 57 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 0.54 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 25 has a population of approximately 29. The constituents fund the CSA a flat
rate benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 122 of 381
CSA 26 (HIDDEN VALLEY ROAD)
Overview
County Service Area 26 was formed on August 4, 1982 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 2.82 road miles. Appendix 11 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 91 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 355 acres).
Figure 52, on page 125, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 26’s current jurisdictional
boundary. Only one boundary change has occurred since its inception, in which one
parcel was detached from CSA 26 back in 1984. At present, the majority of land within
the CSA is designated as Rural and Mountain Residential. Table 46 shows the benefit
assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 26 has 17 funding
zones (Zones A-Q). Figure 53 on page 126 shows the location of the zones. The County
currently has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 26.
Table 46: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 26 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Zone A $124.30 $127.90 $132.88 $192.88 $196.14
Zone B $248.62 $255.82 $265.76 $385.76 $392.28
Zone C $372.94 $383.74 $398.64 $578.64 $588.42
Zone D $497.28 $511.70 $531.52 $771.52 $784.56
Zone E $621.60 $639.62 $664.40 $964.40 $980.70
Zone F $745.94 $767.56 $797.28 $1,157.28 $1,176.84
Zone G $870.26 $895.48 $930.16 $1,350.16 $1,372.98
Change (%) 3% 4% 45% 2%
Zone H - - $224.88 $284.88 $288.14
Change (%) 27% 1%
Zone I - - $230.88 $290.88 $294.14
Change (%) 26% 1%
Zone J - - $328.88 $388.88 $392.14
Change (%) 18% 1%
Zone K - - $412.88 $472.88 $476.14
Change (%) 15% 1%
Zone L - - $424.88 $484.88 $488.14
Change (%) 14% 1%
Zone M - - $446.88 $506.88 $510.14
Change (%) 13% 1%
Zone N - - $470.88 $530.88 $534.14
Change (%) 13% 1%
Zone O - - $766.88 $730.88 $734.14
Change (%) -5% 0%
Zone P - - $806.88 $826.88 $830.14
Change (%) 2% 0%
Zone Q - - $806.88 $866.88 $870.14
Change (%) 7% 0%
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 123 of 381
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 26 was 2020 is estimated to be 46. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 47 shows the anticipated population within CSA 26. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 26. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 26 will be approximately 47 by 2040.
Table 47: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 26 46 46 46 47 47
Section Intentionally Left Blank
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 124 of 381
Figure 52: CSA 26’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 125 of 381
Figure 53: CSA 26’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 126 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 26’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 49 on page 129.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $68,000,
representing a 1% increase from the previous year ($67,000 in FY 20-21). Total expenses
for FY 2021-22 were approximately $27,000, which decreased by 82% from the previous
year ($155,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a surplus,
with the exception of FY 2017-18 and FY 2020-21, as shown in Figure 54. The deficit
was due to a scheduled road improvement project that cost approximately $132,000 to
complete. LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon
the CSA’s ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 54: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$180,000
$160,000 $154,734
$140,000
$120,000
$100,000
$80,000
$67,346 $67,853
$60,000 $54,351
$48,997
$44,752
$41,959
$40,120
$40,000
$33,164
$27,345
$20,000 $15,279
$8,492
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 127 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $185,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 48 and Figure 55, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $140,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO
staff believes the positive balance may continue as the County collects the necessary
funds to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the
event that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects,
or emergency repairs.
Table 48: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $199,175.47 $186,782.82 $216,255.72 $232,089.26 $144,701.14
Balance
Ending
$199,175 $186,783 $216,256 $232,089 $144,701 $185,208
Balance
Change ($) - $(12,393) $29,473 $15,834 $(87,388) $40,507
Figure 55: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$250,000
$232,089
$216,256
$199,175
$200,000
$186,783 $185,208
$144,701
$150,000
$100,000
$50,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 128 of 381
Table 49: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 26 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 1,559.43 $ 2,361.63 $ 4,031.16 $ 4,318.81 $ 1,291.25 $ 7 65.44
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 38,560.92 $ 39,597.18 $ 40,721.03 $ 4 4,678.47 $ 66,054.38 $ 67,087.16
Total Revenues $ 40,120.35 $ 41,958.81 $ 44,752.19 $ 48,997.28 $ 67,345.63 $ 67,852.60
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Hidden Valley $ 5,797.96 $ 5 2,031.14 $ 6,117.17 $ 2 0,303.16 $ 1 32,316.04 $ 20,403.31
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ 2,475.30 $ 2,320.32 $ 2,088.00 $ 2,108.00 $ 2,289.00 $ 2,443.88
Acct & Audit Fees $ 2 18.46 $ - $ 4 15.11 $ 238.39 $ 2 38.39 $ 3 42.44
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 5,034.50 $ 6,576.99 $ 2,697.67 $ 1,108.65
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 1,624.51 $ 3,937.20 $ 17,192.65 $ 3,047.01
Total Expenditures $ 8 ,491.72 $ 54,351.46 $ 15,279.29 $ 33,163.74 $ 154,733.75 $ 27,345.29
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 31,628.63 $ ( 12,392.65) $ 29,472.90 $ 15,833.54 $ ( 87,388.12) $ 40,507.31
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 199,175.47 $ 1 86,782.82 $ 2 16,255.72 $ 2 32,089.26 $ 1 44,701.14
End of Year $ 199,175.47 $ 1 86,782.82 $ 216,255.72 $ 2 32,089.26 $ 144,701.14 $ 185,208.45
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 26’s first sphere of influence on September 7, 1988.
The current sphere is slightly larger than the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last
sphere update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 56
on page 130 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 91 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
However, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary be expanded to
address two split parcels, shown in Figure 53. The County should consider annexing the
two split parcels as well as two additional parcels currently within the CSA’s sphere but
outside its jurisdictional boundary in the near future. Figure 57 on page 131 shows the
proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 129 of 381
Figure 56: CSA 26’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 130 of 381
Figure 57: CSA 26’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 131 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 26
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 2.82 road miles
District Area 0.55 square miles (appx 355 acres)
Current Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $67,853
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $27,345
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $185,208
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 132 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 26 in 2020 was estimated to be 46. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 47 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 26 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 26 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in four of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $185,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 133 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural and Mountain
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 26 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 26 has 91 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 2.82 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 26 has a population of approximately 46. The constituents fund the CSA through
17 zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis. Any
increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 134 of 381
CSA 28 (LOMOND TERRACE)
Overview
County Service Area 28 was formed on August 7, 1982 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 2.77 road miles. Appendix 12 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 94 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 145 acres).
Figure 58, on page 136, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 28’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural and Mountain Residential. Table
50 shows the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows,
CSA 28 has two funding zones (Unimproved and Improved). Figure 59 on page 137
shows the location of the zones. The County currently has 2 employees assigned to
manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 28.
Table 50: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 28 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Unimproved Parcels $200.00 $200.00 $200.00 $200.00 $350.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 75%
Improved Parcels $400.00 $500.00 $500.00 $500.00 $700.00
Change (%) 25% 0% 0% 40%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 28 was 2020 is estimated to be 349. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 51 shows the anticipated population within CSA 28. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 28. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 28 will be approximately 360 by 2040.
Table 51: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 228 349 352 355 358 361
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 135 of 381
Figure 58: CSA 28’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 136 of 381
Figure 59: CSA 28’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 137 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 28’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 53 on page 140.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $55,000,
representing a 39% increase from the previous year ($39,000 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $52,000, which increased by 2,600% from
the previous year ($2,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with
a surplus, with the exception of FY 2017-18, as shown in Figure 60. The deficit was due
to a scheduled road improvement project that cost approximately $76,000 to complete.
LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s
ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 60: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$80,000
$75,687
$70,000
$60,000
$54,655
$52,106
$50,000
$39,528 $40,040 $39,288
$40,000
$31,510 $31,692
$30,000
$20,000 $18,077
$9,410
$10,000
$1,977
$953
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 138 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $144,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 52 and Figure 61, the CSA’s fund balance has increased over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $40,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue as the County collects the necessary funds
to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 52: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $87,311.29 $43,316.34 $64,767.08 $103,853.90 $141,164.41
Balance
Ending
$87,311 $43,316 $64,767 $103,854 $141,164 $143,714
Balance
Change ($) - $(43,995) $21,451 $39,087 $37,311 $2,549
Figure 61: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$160,000
$143,714
$141,164
$140,000
$120,000
$103,854
$100,000
$87,311
$80,000
$64,767
$60,000
$43,316
$40,000
$20,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 139 of 381
Table 53: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 28 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 6 22.36 $ 803.82 $ 1,016.93 $ 1,529.28 $ 7 76.58 $ 6 00.61
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 30,888.00 $ 30,888.00 $ 38,511.00 $ 3 8,511.00 $ 38,511.00 $ 54,054.00
Total Revenues $ 31,510.36 $ 31,691.82 $ 39,527.93 $ 40,040.28 $ 39,287.58 $ 54,654.61
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Lomond Terrace $ 9,237.28 $ 7 5,686.77 $ 14,605.27 $ 111.52 $ 1,254.85 $ 46,246.52
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 73.09 $ - $ 3 52.99 $ 195.31 $ 1 95.31 $ 2 76.27
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 1,194.04 $ 533.22 $ 3 07.24 $ -
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 1,924.89 $ 113.41 $ 2 19.67 $ 5,582.73
Total Expenditures $ 9 ,410.37 $ 75,686.77 $ 18,077.19 $ 9 53.46 $ 1 ,977.07 $ 52,105.52
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 22,099.99 $ ( 43,994.95) $ 21,450.74 $ 39,086.82 $ 37,310.51 $ 2 ,549.09
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 87,311.29 $ 43,316.34 $ 6 4,767.08 $ 1 03,853.90 $ 1 41,164.41
End of Year $ 87,311.29 $ 43,316.34 $ 64,767.08 $ 1 03,853.90 $ 141,164.41 $ 143,713.50
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 28’s first sphere of influence on September 7, 1988.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 62 on
page 141 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 94 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
However, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary be expanded to
address the two split parcels, shown in Figure 59. The County should consider annexing
the two split parcels in the near future. Figure 63 on page 142 shows the proposed sphere
boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 140 of 381
Figure 62: CSA 28’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 141 of 381
Figure 63: CSA 28’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 142 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 28
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 2.77 road miles
District Area 0.22 square miles (appx. 143 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary the
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $54,655
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $52,106
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $143,714
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 143 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 28 in 2020 was estimated to be 349. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 361 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 28 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 28 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in five of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $144,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 144 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural and Mountain
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 28 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 28 has 94 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 2.77miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 28 has a population of approximately 349. The constituents fund the CSA
through two zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis.
Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 145 of 381
CSA 30 (GLENWOOD ACRES)
Overview
County Service Area 30 was formed on December 1, 1982 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 0.89 road miles. Appendix 13 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 26 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 120 acres).
Figure 64, on page 147, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 30’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential. Table 54 shows
the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 30
does not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate. The County currently
has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 30.
Table 54: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 30 $500.00 $500.00 $500.00 $500.00 $500.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 30 was 2020 is estimated to be 13. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 55 shows the anticipated population within CSA 30. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 30. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 30 will be approximately 13 by 2040.
Table 55: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 30 13 13 13 13 13
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 146 of 381
Figure 64: CSA 30’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 147 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 30’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 57 on page 150.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $7,700,
representing a 1% decrease from the previous year ($7,800 in FY 20-21). Total expenses
for FY 2021-22 were approximately $1,200 which decreased by 19% from the previous
year ($1,400 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended in a deficit in three of the last six
fiscal years, as shown in Figure 65. The deficit in FY 2018-19 was due to a scheduled
road improvement project that cost approximately $24,000 to complete. LAFCO staff
believes that the overall negative trend may continue unless the County collects the
necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 65: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$35,000
$30,226
$30,000
$25,000
$20,000
$15,000
$9,544 $9,446
$10,000 $8,844
$8,028 $8,277 $8,441 $7,795 $7,708
$5,000
$866 $1,432 $1,153
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 148 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $66,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 56 and Figure 66, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $50,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may deplete unless the County collects the necessary funds
to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 56: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $67,846.30 $75,257.39 $53,875.40 $52,870.61 $59,233.65
Balance
Ending
$67,846 $75,257 $53,875 $52,871 $59,234 $65,789
Balance
Change ($) - $7,411 $(21,382) $(1,005) $6,363 $6,555
Figure 66: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$80,000
$75,257
$70,000 $67,846
$65,789
$59,234
$60,000
$53,875
$52,871
$50,000
$40,000
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 149 of 381
Table 57: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 30 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 6 02.98 $ 852.41 $ 1,419.02 $ 1,016.18 $ 3 69.86 $ 2 83.14
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 7,425.00 $ 7,425.00 $ 7,425.00 $ 7,425.00 $ 7,425.00 $ 7,425.00
Total Revenues $ 8 ,027.98 $ 8,277.41 $ 8 ,844.02 $ 8,441.18 $ 7 ,794.86 $ 7 ,708.14
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Glenwood Acres $ 8,525.38 $ 8 5.82 $ 24,421.17 $ 5,971.18 $ 1 19.84 $ 1 04.57
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ 8 80.23 $ 780.50 $ 7 00.00 $ 700.00 $ 8 00.00 $ 8 00.00
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 1,618.61 $ 1,526.26 $ 2 27.88 $ -
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 3,236.23 $ 1,123.53 $ 1 59.10 $ 1 23.55
Total Expenditures $ 9 ,544.36 $ 8 66.32 $ 30,226.01 $ 9,445.97 $ 1 ,431.82 $ 1 ,153.12
Surplus/(Deficit) $ (1,516.38) $ 7,411.09 $ ( 21,381.99) $ ( 1,004.79) $ 6 ,363.04 $ 6 ,555.02
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 67,846.30 $ 75,257.39 $ 5 3,875.40 $ 52,870.61 $ 59,233.65
End of Year $ 67,846.30 $ 75,257.39 $ 53,875.40 $ 52,870.61 $ 59,233.65 $ 65,788.67
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 30’s first sphere of influence on September 7, 1988.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 67 on
page 151 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 26 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 68
on page 152 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 150 of 381
Figure 67: CSA 30’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 151 of 381
Figure 68: CSA 30’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 152 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 30
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 0.89 road miles
District Area 0.18 square miles (appx. 116 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $7,708
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $1,153
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $65,789
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 153 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 30 in 2020 was estimated to be 13. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 13 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 30 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 30 is financially distressed. The CSA ended with a deficit in three of the last six
fiscal years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended
with approximately $66,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 154 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 30 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 30 has 26 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 0.89 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 30 has a population of approximately 13. The constituents fund the CSA a flat
rate benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 155 of 381
CSA 32 (VIEW CIRCLE)
Overview
County Service Area 32 was formed on March 2, 1983 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 0.55 road miles. Appendix 14 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 11 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 20 acres).
Figure 69, on page 157, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 32’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Suburban Residential. Table 58 shows
the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 32
does not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate. The County currently
has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 32.
Table 58: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 32 $315.62 $315.62 $315.62 $315.62 $315.62
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 32 was 2020 is estimated to be 16. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 59 shows the anticipated population within CSA 32. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 32. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 32 will be approximately 17 by 2040.
Table 59: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 32 16 16 16 16 17
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 156 of 381
Figure 69: CSA 32’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 157 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 32’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 61 on page 160.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $2,900,
representing a 0.30% decrease from the previous year ($2,860 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $200, which decreased by 93% from the
previous year ($3,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, with the exception of FY 2017-18 and FY 2020-21, as shown in Figure 70. The
deficit was due to a scheduled road improvement project that cost approximately $18,000
to complete. LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based
upon the CSA’s ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 70: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$20,000
$18,424
$18,000
$16,000
$14,000
$12,000
$10,000
$8,000
$6,000
$3,672
$4,000
$2,957 $2,876 $2,921 $2,85$92 ,986 $2,851
$1,864
$2,000
$399
$180 $200
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 158 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $10,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 60 and Figure 71, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $2,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue as the County collects the necessary funds
to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 60: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $17,554.82 $2,088.20 $4,565.10 $7,306.18 $7,179.76
Balance
Ending
$17,555 $2,088 $4,565 $7,306 $7,180 $9,830
Balance
Change ($) - $(15,467) $2,477 $2,741 $(126) $2,651
Figure 71: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$20,000
$18,000 $17,555
$16,000
$14,000
$12,000
$9,830
$10,000
$8,000 $7,306 $7,180
$6,000
$4,565
$4,000
$2,088
$2,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 159 of 381
Table 61: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 32 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 1 39.54 $ 144.75 $ 6 3.32 $ 108.75 $ 4 7.07 $ 3 8.63
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 3,532.32 $ 2,812.36 $ 2,812.18 $ 2,812.18 $ 2,812.18 $ 2,812.18
Total Revenues $ 3 ,671.86 $ 2,957.11 $ 2 ,875.50 $ 2,920.93 $ 2 ,859.25 $ 2 ,850.81
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - View Circle $ 1,725.69 $ 1 8,423.73 $ 1 2.70 $ 1 2.70 $ 1,991.36 $ 5 4.40
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 9 4.55 $ 2 1.51 $ 5 38.27 $ -
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 4 1.35 $ 2 0.64 $ 3 31.04 $ 2 0.77
Total Expenditures $ 1 ,864.44 $ 18,423.73 $ 398.60 $ 1 79.85 $ 2 ,985.67 $ 200.17
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 1,807.42 $ ( 15,466.62) $ 2 ,476.90 $ 2,741.08 $ ( 126.42) $ 2 ,650.64
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 17,554.82 $ 2,088.20 $ 4,565.10 $ 7,306.18 $ 7,179.76
End of Year $ 17,554.82 $ 2,088.20 $ 4 ,565.10 $ 7,306.18 $ 7 ,179.76 $ 9 ,830.40
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 32’s first sphere of influence on November 2, 1988.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 72 on
page 161 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 11 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 73
on page 162 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 160 of 381
Figure 72: CSA 32’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 161 of 381
Figure 73: CSA 32’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 162 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 32
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 0.55 road miles
District Area 0.03 square miles (appx. 18 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $2,851
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $200
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $9,830
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 163 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 32 in 2020 was estimated to be 16. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 17 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 32 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 32 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in four of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $10,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 164 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Suburban Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 32 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 32 has 11 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 0.55 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 32 has a population of approximately 16. The constituents fund the CSA a flat
rate benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 165 of 381
CSA 33 (REDWOOD DRIVE)
Overview
County Service Area 33 was formed on March 2, 1983 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 6.31 road miles. Appendix 15 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 286 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 370
acres). Figure 74, on page 167, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 33’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential. Table 62 shows
the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 33
has 11 funding zones (Zones A-F for improved/unimproved parcels and Monte Toyon
Camp). Figure 75 on page 168 shows the location of the zones. The County currently
has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 33.
Table 62: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 33 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Zone A (unimproved) $82.34 $84.72 $84.72 $84.72 $84.72
Zone A (improved) $164.72 $169.48 $169.48 $169.48 $169.48
Zone B (unimproved) $111.18 $114.40 $114.40 $114.40 $114.40
Zone B (improved) $222.38 $228.82 $228.82 $228.82 $228.82
Zone C (unimproved) $164.72 $169.48 $169.48 $169.48 $169.48
Zone C (improved) $329.48 $339.02 $339.02 $339.02 $339.02
Zone D (unimproved) $205.92 $211.88 $211.88 $211.88 $211.88
Zone D (improved) $411.86 $423.80 $423.80 $423.80 $423.80
Zone E (unimproved) $226.50 $233.06 $233.06 $233.06 $233.06
Zone E (improved) $453.04 $466.16 $466.16 $466.16 $466.16
Monte Toyon Camp $658.88 $677.92 $677.92 $677.92 $677.92
Change (%) 3% 0% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 33 was 2020 is estimated to be 60. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 63 shows the anticipated population within CSA 33. The average rate of
change is 0.86%. Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to
develop a population forecast for CSA 33. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020
population amount by 0.86% each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate
that the entire population of CSA 33 will be approximately 62 by 2040.
Table 63: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 33 60 61 61 62 62
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 166 of 381
Figure 74: CSA 33’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 167 of 381
Figure 75: CSA 33’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 168 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 33’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 65 on page 171.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $44,200,
representing a 0.37% increase from the previous year ($44,000 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $1,300, which decreased by 98% from the
previous year ($64,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, with the exception of FY 2017-18 and FY 2020-21, as shown in Figure 76.
LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s
ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 76: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$70,000
$63,937
$62,403
$60,000
$50,000 $48,451
$44,027 $44,189
$42,855
$41,730
$40,000
$30,000
$19,543
$20,000
$13,017
$10,000
$1,321
$- $-
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 169 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $153,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 64 and Figure 77, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $80,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue as the County collects the necessary funds
to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 64: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $102,449.16 $82,901.11 $111,809.32 $130,134.14 $110,223.89
Balance
Ending
$102,449 $82,901 $111,809 $130,134 $110,224 $153,092
Balance
Change ($) - $(19,548) $28,908 $18,325 $(19,910) $42,868
Figure 77: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$180,000
$160,000 $153,092
$140,000
$130,134
$120,000
$111,809 $110,224
$102,449
$100,000
$82,901
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 170 of 381
Table 65: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 33 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 7 06.43 $ 1,123.20 $ 1,803.04 $ 6 24.51 $ 5 95.50
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ 6 73.00 $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ 2,445.00 $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 41,023.80 $ 41,732.10 $ 43,530.30 $ 43,402.21 $ 43,593.22
Total Revenues $ 41,730.23 $ 42,855.30 $ 48,451.34 $ - $ 44,026.72 $ 44,188.72
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Redwood Drive $ 12,785.99 $ 6 2,403.35 $ 15,806.78 $ 55,804.77 $ 9 56.64
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 2 30.72 $ - $ 4 38.76 $ 2 27.04 $ 2 22.47
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 1,225.77 $ 8 01.05 $ -
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 2,071.82 $ 7,104.11 $ 1 41.50
Total Expenditures $ 13,016.71 $ 62,403.35 $ 19,543.13 $ - $ 63,936.97 $ 1 ,320.61
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 28,713.52 $ ( 19,548.05) $ 28,908.21 $ - $ ( 19,910.25) $ 42,868.11
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 102,449.16 $ 82,901.11 $ 1 11,809.32 $ 1 30,134.14 $ 1 10,223.89
End of Year $ 102,449.16 $ 82,901.11 $ 111,809.32 $ 1 30,134.14 $ 110,223.89 $ 153,092.00
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 33’s first sphere of influence on March 2, 1983. The
current sphere is slightly larger than the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 78 on
page 172 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 286 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. However, the County
should consider annexing the 25 parcels currently within the CSA’s sphere boundary but
outside its jurisdictional boundary. Figure 79 on page 173 shows the proposed sphere
boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 171 of 381
Figure 78: CSA 33’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 172 of 381
Figure 79: CSA 33’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 173 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 33
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 6.31 road miles
District Area 0.58 square miles (appx. 371 acres)
Current Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $44,189
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $1,321
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $153,092
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 174 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 33 in 2020 was estimated to be 60. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 62 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 33 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 33 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in four of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $153,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 175 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 33 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 33 has 286 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 6.31 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 33 has a population of approximately 60. The constituents fund the CSA through
11 zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis. Any
increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 176 of 381
CSA 34 (LARSEN ROAD)
Overview
County Service Area 34 was formed on March 2, 1983 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 2.31 road miles. Appendix 16 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 57 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 400 acres).
Figure 80, on page 178, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 34’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential, Rural Residential,
and Agriculture. Table 66 shows the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal
years. As the table shows, CSA 34 has three funding zones (Zones A-C for improved
parcels only). Figure 81 on page 179 shows the location of the zones. The County
currently has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 34.
Table 66: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 34 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Zone A (improved) $15.00 $15.00 $15.00 $15.00 $15.24
Zone B (improved) $20.00 $20.00 $20.00 $20.00 $20.34
Zone C (improved) $25.00 $25.00 $25.00 $25.00 $25.42
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 2%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 34 was 2020 is estimated to be 29. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 67 shows the anticipated population within CSA 34. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 34. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 34 will be approximately 29 by 2040.
Table 67: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 34 29 29 29 29 29
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 177 of 381
Figure 80: CSA 34’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 178 of 381
Figure 81: CSA 34’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 179 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 34’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 69 on page 182.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $1,000,
representing a 10% decrease from the previous year ($1,100 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $190, which decreased by 67% from the
previous year ($580 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, with the exception of FY 2019-20, as shown in Figure 82. The deficit was due to
a scheduled road improvement project that cost approximately $29,000 to complete.
LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s
ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 82: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$35,000
$33,144
$30,000
$25,000
$20,000
$15,000
$10,000
$5,000
$2,566 $2,570
$1,809
$1,485 $1,443
$514 $820 $1,131 $ 582 $1,013
$192
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 180 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $65,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 68 and Figure 83, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $63,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may deplete unless the County collects the necessary funds
to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 68: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $91,675.36 $92,041.21 $93,786.37 $63,212.50 $63,761.58
Balance
Ending
$91,675 $92,041 $93,786 $63,213 $63,762 $64,582
Balance
Change ($) - $366 $1,745 $(30,574) $549 $821
Figure 83: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$100,000
$93,786
$91,675 $92,041
$90,000
$80,000
$70,000
$63,213 $63,762 $64,582
$60,000
$50,000
$40,000
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 181 of 381
Table 69: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 34 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 7 77.64 $ 1,101.03 $ 1,857.73 $ 1,862.63 $ 4 31.95 $ 2 93.24
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 7 07.62 $ 707.84 $ 7 07.84 $ 707.84 $ 6 99.24 $ 7 19.72
Total Revenues $ 1 ,485.26 $ 1,808.87 $ 2 ,565.57 $ 2,570.47 $ 1 ,131.19 $ 1 ,012.96
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Larsen Road $ 3 75.44 $ 1,443.02 $ 4 6.58 $ 2 9,077.06 $ 2 43.90 $ 4 6.58
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 4 40.92 $ - $ 1 48.53 $ -
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 8 2.91 $ 3,942.28 $ 6 4.68 $ 2 0.59
Total Expenditures $ 514.19 $ 1,443.02 $ 820.41 $ 33,144.34 $ 582.11 $ 192.17
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 971.07 $ 3 65.85 $ 1 ,745.16 $ ( 30,573.87) $ 549.08 $ 820.79
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 91,675.36 $ 92,041.21 $ 9 3,786.37 $ 63,212.50 $ 63,761.58
End of Year $ 91,675.36 $ 92,041.21 $ 93,786.37 $ 63,212.50 $ 63,761.58 $ 64,582.37
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 34’s first sphere of influence on March 2, 1983. The
current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 84 on
page 183 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 57 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 85
on page 184 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 182 of 381
Figure 84: CSA 34’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 183 of 381
Figure 85: CSA 34’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 184 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 34
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 2.31 road miles
District Area 0.64 square miles (appx. 409 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $1,013
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $1,131
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $64,582
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 185 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 34 in 2020 was estimated to be 29. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 29 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 34 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 34 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in five of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $65,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 186 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential,
Rural Residential, and Agriculture. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-
family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 34 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 34 has 57 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 2.31 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 34 has a population of approximately 29. The constituents fund the CSA through
three zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis. Any
increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 187 of 381
CSA 35 (COUNTRY ESTATES)
Overview
County Service Area 35 was formed on March 2, 1983 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 1.18 road miles. Appendix 17 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 33 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 50 acres).
Figure 86, on page 189, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 35’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural Residential. Table 70 shows the
benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 35 does
not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate. The County currently has 2
employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 35.
Table 70: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 35 $618.00 $635.92 $660.72 $682.52 $694.12
Change (%) 3% 4% -3% 2%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 35 was 2020 is estimated to be 6. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 71 shows the anticipated population within CSA 35. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 35. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 35 will be approximately 63 by 2040.
Table 71: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 35 61 62 62 63 63
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 188 of 381
Figure 86: CSA 35’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 189 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 35’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 73 on page 192.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $20,000,
representing a 2% increase from the previous year ($19,200 in FY 20-21). Total expenses
for FY 2021-22 were approximately $250, which decreased by 47% from the previous
year ($465 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a surplus, with
the exception of FY 2017-18, as shown in Figure 87. The deficit was due to a scheduled
road improvement project that cost approximately $68,000 to complete. LAFCO staff
believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s ability to
collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 87: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$80,000
$70,000 $67,768
$60,000
$50,000
$40,000
$30,000
$23,806
$18,768 $19,179 $19,518
$20,000 $16,941 $17,452
$10,000
$3,904
$2,280
$580 $463 $247
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 190 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $71,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 72 and Figure 88, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years and
reached a deficit of more than $5,000 during FY 2017-18. Based on this historical trend,
LAFCO staff believes the positive balance may continue if the County collects the
necessary funds to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be
critical in the event that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital
improvements projects, or emergency repairs.
Table 72: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $45,225.06 $(5,090.29) $18,135.36 $32,999.41 $51,715.47
Balance
Ending
$45,225 $(5,090) $18,135 $32,999 $51,715 $70,987
Balance
Change ($) - $(50,315) $23,226 $14,864 $18,716 $19,272
Figure 88: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$80,000
$70,987
$70,000
$60,000
$51,715
$50,000
$45,225
$40,000
$32,999
$30,000
$20,000 $18,135
$10,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
$(5,090)
$(10,000)
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 191 of 381
Table 73: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 35 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 3 09.10 $ 321.35 $ 8 3.81 $ 452.95 $ 2 59.18 $ 2 77.49
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ 1,219.00 $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ 4,875.00 $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 16,632.00 $ 17,130.96 $ 17,627.70 $ 1 8,315.16 $ 18,919.45 $ 19,241.00
Total Revenues $ 16,941.10 $ 17,452.31 $ 23,805.51 $ 18,768.11 $ 19,178.63 $ 19,518.49
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Country Estates $ 2,141.27 $ 6 7,767.66 $ 3 9.53 $ 3,314.70 $ 2 36.84 $ 5 5.96
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 2 32.44 $ - $ 4 9.33 $ 3 9.52
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 5 7.89 $ 464.36 $ 5 1.40 $ 2 6.46
Total Expenditures $ 2 ,280.02 $ 67,767.66 $ 579.86 $ 3,904.06 $ 462.57 $ 246.94
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 14,661.08 $ ( 50,315.35) $ 23,225.65 $ 14,864.05 $ 18,716.06 $ 19,271.55
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 45,225.06 $ (5,090.29) $ 1 8,135.36 $ 32,999.41 $ 51,715.47
End of Year $ 45,225.06 $ ( 5,090.29) $ 18,135.36 $ 32,999.41 $ 51,715.47 $ 70,987.02
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 35’s first sphere of influence on March 2, 1983. The
current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 89 on
page 193 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 33 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 90
on page 194 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 192 of 381
Figure 89: CSA 35’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 193 of 381
Figure 90: CSA 35’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 194 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 35
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 1.18 road miles
District Area 0.08 square miles (appx. 49 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $19,518
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $247
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $70,987
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 195 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 35 in 2020 was estimated to be 61. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 63 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 35 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 35 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in five of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $71,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 196 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 35 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 35 has 33 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 1.18 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 35 has a population of approximately 61. The constituents fund the CSA a flat
rate benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 197 of 381
CSA 36 (FOREST GLEN)
Overview
County Service Area 36 was formed on March 2, 1983 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 2.23 road miles. Appendix 18 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 77 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 210 acres).
Figure 91, on page 199, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 36’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural and Mountain Residential. Table
74 shows the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows,
CSA 36 has six funding zones (Zones A-F). Figure 81 on page 200 shows the location
of the zones. The County currently has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road
CSAs, including CSA 36.
Table 74: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 36 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Zone A $51.40 $52.88 $52.88 $52.88 $53.76
Change (%) 3% 0% 0% 2%
Zone B $120.00 $1,123.48 $1,123.48 $1,176.36 $1,196.32
Change (%) 836% 0% 5% 2%
Zone C $144.00 $148.16 $148.16 $201.04 $204.42
Change (%) 3% 0% 36% 2%
Zone D $250.00 $257.24 $257.24 $520.02 $528.82
Change (%) 3% 0% 102% 2%
Zone E $204.00 $209.90 $209.90 $262.78 $267.22
Change (%) 3% 0% 25% 2%
Zone F $120.00 $123.48 $123.48 $176.36 $179.32
Change (%) 3% 0% 43% 2%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 36 was 2020 is estimated to be 393. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 75 shows the anticipated population within CSA 36. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 36. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 36 will be approximately 407 by 2040.
Table 75: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 36 393 396 400 403 407
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 198 of 381
Figure 91: CSA 36’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 199 of 381
Figure 92: CSA 36’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 200 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 36’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 77 on page 203.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $24,000,
representing a 17% decrease from the previous year ($29,000 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $25,000, which increased by 76% from the
previous year ($14,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, with the exception of FY 2017-18 and FY 2021-22, as shown in Figure 93.
LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s
ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 93: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$80,000
$72,977
$70,000 $67,178
$60,000
$50,000
$40,000
$28,550
$30,000
$26,688
$24,743
$23,654
$19,691
$20,000
$15,423
$14,609 $14,045
$10,000
$7,012 $6,437
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 201 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $253,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 76 and Figure 94, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $200,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO
staff believes the positive balance may continue if the County collects the necessary
funds to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the
event that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects,
or emergency repairs.
Table 76: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $217,874.00 $213,605.24 $219,404.27 $239,655.90 $254,161.43
Balance
Ending
$217,874 $213,605 $219,404 $239,656 $254,161 $253,072
Balance
Change ($) - $(4,269) $5,799 $20,252 $14,506 $(1,089)
Figure 94: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$260,000
$254,161
$253,072
$250,000
$239,656
$240,000
$230,000
$219,404
$220,000 $217,874
$213,605
$210,000
$200,000
$190,000
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 202 of 381
Table 77: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 36 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 1,833.44 $ 2,646.89 $ 4,717.62 $ 4,531.75 $ 1,673.65 $ 1,122.62
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ 8,282.00 $ - $ 4,720.00 $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ 36,656.00 $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 12,775.28 $ 12,775.66 $ 23,321.17 $ 2 2,156.58 $ 22,156.58 $ 22,531.33
Total Revenues $ 14,608.72 $ 15,422.55 $ 72,976.79 $ 26,688.33 $ 28,550.23 $ 23,653.95
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Forest Glen $ 6,872.84 $ 1 9,691.31 $ 57,126.99 $ 1,282.68 $ 9,688.94 $ 20,503.32
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ 2,519.30 $ - $ 5 84.84
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 53.68 $ 144.11 $ 5 00.00 $ 5 00.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 2,609.01 $ 1,772.07 $ 2,295.23 $ 4 14.77
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 7,188.08 $ 718.54 $ 1,560.53 $ 2,739.97
Total Expenditures $ 7 ,011.59 $ 19,691.31 $ 67,177.76 $ 6,436.70 $ 14,044.70 $ 24,742.90
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 7,597.13 $ ( 4,268.76) $ 5 ,799.03 $ 20,251.63 $ 14,505.53 $ (1,088.95)
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 217,874.00 $ 2 13,605.24 $ 2 19,404.27 $ 2 39,655.90 $ 2 54,161.43
End of Year $ 217,874.00 $ 2 13,605.24 $ 219,404.27 $ 2 39,655.90 $ 254,161.43 $ 253,072.48
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 36’s first sphere of influence on March 2, 1983. The
current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 95 on
page 204 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 77 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure 96
on page 205 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 203 of 381
Figure 95: CSA 36’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 204 of 381
Figure 96: CSA 36’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 205 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 36
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 2.23 road miles
District Area 0.12 square miles (appx. 77 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $23,654
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $24,743
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $253,072
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 206 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 36 in 2020 was estimated to be 393. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 407 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 36 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 36 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in four of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $253,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 207 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural and Mountain
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 36 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 36 has 77 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 2.23 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 36 has a population of approximately 393. The constituents fund the CSA
through six zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis.
Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 208 of 381
CSA 37 (ROBERTS ROAD)
Overview
County Service Area 37 was formed on April 6, 1983 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 2.05 road miles. Appendix 19 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 94 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 260 acres).
Figure 97, on page 210, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 37’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential. Table 78 shows
the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 37
has four funding zones (Zones A-D), but only Zones A and D are currently being charged.
Figure 98 on page 211 shows the location of the zones. The County currently has 2
employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 37.
Table 78: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 37 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Zone A $100.00 $100.00 $100.00 $100.00 $100.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Zone B $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Zone C $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 36% 0%
Zone D $300.00 $300.00 $300.00 $600.00 $600.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 100% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 37 was 2020 is estimated to be 79. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 79 shows the anticipated population within CSA 37. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 37. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 37 will be approximately 82 by 2040.
Table 79: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 37 79 80 80 81 82
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 209 of 381
Figure 97: CSA 37’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 210 of 381
Figure 98: CSA 37’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 211 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 37’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 81 on page 214.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $17,000,
representing a 0.24% decrease from the previous year ($17,140 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $700, which decreased by 37% from the
previous year ($1,100 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, with the exception of FY 2016-17, as shown in Figure 99. LAFCO staff believes
that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s ability to collect the
necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 99: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$18,000
$17,137 $17,096
$16,278
$16,000
$15,109
$14,000
$12,161
$12,000 $11,478 $11,614
$10,000
$8,000
$7,323
$6,000
$4,000 $3,441
$2,925
$2,000
$1,082
$678
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 212 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $88,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 80 and Figure 100, the CSA’s fund balance has increased over the years and has
maintained an annual balance above $30,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue as the County collects the necessary funds
to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 80: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $30,819.55 $38,992.42 $46,778.33 $56,014.46 $72,069.87
Balance
Ending
$30,820 $38,992 $46,778 $56,014 $72,070 $88,487
Balance
Change ($) - $8,173 $7,786 $9,236 $16,055 $16,417
Figure 100: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$100,000
$88,487
$90,000
$80,000
$72,070
$70,000
$60,000 $56,014
$50,000 $46,778
$38,992
$40,000
$30,820
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 213 of 381
Table 81: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 37 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 2 91.00 $ 427.31 $ 8 86.97 $ 973.81 $ 4 10.12 $ 3 64.63
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ 6 07.00 $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ 2,428.00 $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 11,187.00 $ 11,187.00 $ 11,187.00 $ 1 1,187.00 $ 16,727.16 $ 16,731.00
Total Revenues $ 11,478.00 $ 11,614.31 $ 15,108.97 $ 12,160.81 $ 17,137.28 $ 17,095.63
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Roberts Road $ 16,139.45 $ 3,441.44 $ 4,567.51 $ 267.62 $ 2 09.16 $ -
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 40.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 1,724.71 $ 2,184.19 $ 6 27.50 $ 4 45.50
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 7 80.84 $ 347.87 $ 1 20.21 $ 9 2.99
Total Expenditures $ 16,278.20 $ 3,441.44 $ 7 ,323.06 $ 2,924.68 $ 1 ,081.87 $ 678.49
Surplus/(Deficit) $ (4,800.20) $ 8,172.87 $ 7 ,785.91 $ 9,236.13 $ 16,055.41 $ 16,417.14
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 30,819.55 $ 38,992.42 $ 4 6,778.33 $ 56,014.46 $ 72,069.87
End of Year $ 30,819.55 $ 38,992.42 $ 46,778.33 $ 56,014.46 $ 72,069.87 $ 88,487.01
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 37’s first sphere of influence on April 6, 1983. The
current sphere is larger than the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere update
occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 101 on page 215
shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 94 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
However, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary be expanded to
address the split parcel, shown in Figure 98. The County should consider annexing the
split parcel as well as 42 additional parcels currently within the CSA’s sphere but outside
its jurisdictional boundary in the near future. Figure 102 on page 216 shows the proposed
sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 214 of 381
Figure 101: CSA 37’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 215 of 381
Figure 102: CSA 37’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 216 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 37
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 2.05 road miles
District Area 0.15 square miles (appx. 94 acres)
Current Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $17,096
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $678
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $88,487
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 217 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 37 in 2020 was estimated to be 79. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 82 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 37 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 37 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in five of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $88,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 218 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 37 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 37 has 94 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 2.05 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 37 has a population of approximately 79. The constituents fund the CSA through
four zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis. Any
increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 219 of 381
CSA 39 (REED STREET)
Overview
County Service Area 39 was formed on June 1, 1983 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 0.07 road miles. Appendix 20 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 14 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 6 acres).
Figure 103, on page 221, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 39’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Suburban Residential and a small portion
designated as Existing Parks/Open Space. Table 82 shows the benefit assessment rate
from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 39 does not have any zones and
has not collected any funding. The County has expressed interest in dissolving the CSA
due to operational inactivity.
Table 82: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 39 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 39 was 2020 is estimated to be 30. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 83 shows the anticipated population within CSA 39. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 39. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 39 will be approximately 31 by 2040.
Table 83: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 39 30 30 31 31 31
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 220 of 381
Figure 103: CSA 39’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 221 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 39’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 85 on page 223.
CSA 39 has been inactive since FY 2020-21, as shown in Figure 104. Prior to its
inactivity, the CSA experienced an annual deficit in four consecutive years (FY 2016-17
to FY 2019-20). The County has expressed interest in dissolving the CSA due to
operational inactivity.
Figure 104: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$700
$639
$600
$500
$400
$300
$207 $210
$200
$100
$9 $12 $21 $12 $6 $- $- $- $-
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $120. The
following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in Table
84, the CSA’s fund balance has declined over the years. The County has indicated that it
does not anticipate any road repairs/improvements in the foreseeable future and has
expressed interest in dissolving CSA 39.
Table 84: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
$- $959 $950 $323 $118 $118
Balance
Ending
$959 $950 $323 $118 $118 $118
Balance
Change ($) $(10) $(627) $(204) $- $-
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 222 of 381
Table 85: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 39 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 9.29 $ 1 1.55 $ 1 2.12 $ 5 .95 $ - $ -
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Total Revenues $ 9 .29 $ 11.55 $ 12.12 $ 5.95 $ - $ -
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Reed Street $ 6 8.31 $ 2 1.29 $ 1 9.76 $ 1 9.76 $ - $ -
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ - $ -
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 3 03.02 $ 4 0.46 $ - $ -
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 6 6.36 $ 2 5.01 $ - $ -
Total Expenditures $ 207.06 $ 21.29 $ 639.14 $ 2 10.23 $ - $ -
Surplus/(Deficit) $ ( 197.77) $ ( 9.74) $ ( 627.02) $ (204.28) $ - $ -
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 959.34 $ 9 49.60 $ 322.58 $ 1 18.30 $ 1 18.30
End of Year $ 959.34 $ 9 49.60 $ 322.58 $ 1 18.30 $ 118.30 $ 118.30
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 39’s first sphere of influence on June 1, 1983. The
current sphere is slightly larger than the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 105 on
page 224 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 14 parcels and the County has
expressed interest in dissolving CSA 39. Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that a
zero sphere be established. A zero sphere (encompassing no territory) is adopted when
the Commission has determined that the public service functions of an agency are either:
nonexistent, no longer needed, or should be reallocated to some other agency of
government. This designation would be the preliminary step towards dissolution. Figure
106 on page 225 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 223 of 381
Figure 105: CSA 39’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 224 of 381
Figure 106: CSA 39’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 225 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 39
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 0.07 road miles
District Area 0.02 square miles (appx. 14 acres)
Current Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Zero Sphere (i.e., precursor to dissolution)
Total Revenue = $0
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $0
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $118
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 226 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 39 in 2020 was estimated to be 30. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 31 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 39 has been inactive for over two years. The County has expressed interest in
dissolving the CSA.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 39 is financially distressed. The CSA ended with a deficit in four consecutive
years and has been completely inactive for the last two fiscal years. As of June 30,
2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $118.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 227 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Suburban Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 39 has been inactive for over two years. The County has expressed interest in
dissolving the CSA.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 39 has 14 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and currently does not provide
any road maintenance/services.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 39 has a population of approximately 30. The constituents have not been funding
the CSA in the last five years.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 228 of 381
CSA 40 (RALSTON WAY)
Overview
County Service Area 40 was formed on June 1, 1983 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 0.65 road miles. Appendix 21 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 18 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 60 acres).
Figure 107, on page 230, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 40’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential. Table 86 shows
the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 40
has four funding zones (Zones A-D) with different rates. The rates have remained the
same since FY 2017-18. Figure 108 on page 231 shows the location of the zones. The
County currently has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA
40.
Table 86: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 40 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Zone A $12.36 $12.36 $12.36 $12.36 $12.36
Zone B $168.00 $168.00 $168.00 $168.00 $168.00
Zone C $324.02 $324.02 $324.02 $324.02 $324.02
Zone D $440.38 $440.38 $440.38 $440.38 $440.38
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 40 was 2020 is estimated to be 9. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 87 shows the anticipated population within CSA 40. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 40. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 40 will be approximately 9 by 2040.
Table 87: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 40 9 9 9 9 9
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 229 of 381
Figure 107: CSA 40’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 230 of 381
Figure 108: CSA 40’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 231 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 40’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 89 on page 234.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $16,795,
representing a 0.05% decrease from the previous year ($16,800 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $14,000, which decreased by 13% from
the previous year ($16,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year
with a surplus, with the exception of FY 2016-17 and FY 2018-19, as shown in Figure
109. LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the
CSA’s ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 109: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$60,000
$52,946
$50,000
$43,479
$40,000
$30,000
$27,043
$20,000
$16,860 $16,8 $ 0 1 3 6 ,270 $16,795
$14,112
$9,240
$10,000
$4,617 $4,290
$2,760
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 232 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $17,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 88 and Figure 110, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $5,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue if the County collects the necessary funds to
offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 88: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $18,957.23 $28,424.46 $5,672.15 $13,291.75 $13,824.88
Balance
Ending
$18,957 $28,424 $5,672 $13,292 $13,825 $16,508
Balance
Change ($) - $9,467 $(22,752) $7,620 $533 $2,683
Figure 110: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$20,000
$18,910
$18,399
$18,000
$16,000
$14,747
$13,798
$14,000
$12,000 $11,347
$10,376
$10,000
$8,000
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 233 of 381
Table 89: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 40 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 1 43.45 $ 196.07 $ 2 56.94 $ 316.64 $ 1 14.32 $ 54.83
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 3,613.84 $ 3,613.82 $ 3,613.81 $ 3,605.47 $ 3,601.58 $ 3,601.58
Total Revenues $ 3 ,757.29 $ 3,809.89 $ 3 ,870.75 $ 3,922.11 $ 3 ,715.90 $ 3 ,656.41
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Ralston Way $ 1 8.11 $ 1 1,373.33 $ 2 1.17 $ 2 1.18 $ 9,519.84 $ 6 2.55
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 1 51.41 $ 9 1.60 $ 7 90.02 $ 2 1.18
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 4 8.17 $ 3 2.11 $ 1,304.36 $ 2 5.05
Total Expenditures $ 156.86 $ 11,373.33 $ 470.75 $ 2 69.89 $ 11,739.22 $ 233.78
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 3,600.43 $ ( 7,563.44) $ 3 ,400.00 $ 3,652.22 $ (8,023.32) $ 3 ,422.63
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 18,910.26 $ 11,346.82 $ 1 4,746.82 $ 18,399.04 $ 10,375.72
End of Year $ 18,910.26 $ 11,346.82 $ 14,746.82 $ 18,399.04 $ 10,375.72 $ 13,798.35
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 40’s first sphere of influence on June 1, 1983. The
current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 111 on
page 235 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 18 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure
112 on page 236 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 234 of 381
Figure 111: CSA 40’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 235 of 381
Figure 112: CSA 40’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 236 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 40
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 0.65 road miles
District Area 0.09 square miles (appx. 58 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $16,795
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $14,112
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $16,508
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 237 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 40 in 2020 was estimated to be 9. Based on LAFCO’s analysis,
the population within the CSA will be approximately 9 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 40 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 40 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in four of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $17,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 238 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 40 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 40 has 18 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 0.65 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 40 has a population of approximately 9. The constituents fund the through four
zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis. Any increase
in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 239 of 381
CSA 41 (LOMA PRIETA DRIVE)
Overview
County Service Area 41 was formed on August 3, 1983 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 1.06 road miles. Appendix 22 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 111 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 27 acres).
Figure 113, on page 241, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 41’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Urban Low Residential. Table 90 shows
the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 41
does not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate. The County currently
has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 41.
Table 90: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 41 $309.94 $318.92 $318.92 $342.28 $342.28
Change (%) 3% 0% 7% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 41 was 2020 is estimated to be 56. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 91 shows the anticipated population within CSA 41. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 41. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 41 will be approximately 57 by 2040.
Table 91: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 41 56 56 56 57 57
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 240 of 381
Figure 113: CSA 41’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 241 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 41’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 93 on page 244.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $29,700,
representing a 0.89% decrease from the previous year ($30,000 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $400, which decreased by 97% from the
previous year ($12,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, as shown in Figure 114. LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may
continue based upon the CSA’s ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated
expenses.
Figure 114: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$35,000
$30,849
$29,990 $29,724
$30,000 $29,318
$27,286
$26,600
$25,000
$20,000
$15,000
$12,259
$10,000 $9,189
$5,006
$5,000
$821 $764
$356
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 242 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $218,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 92 and Figure 115, the CSA’s fund balance has increased over the years and has
maintained an annual balance above $89,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue if the County collects the necessary funds to
offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 92: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $89,214.19 $111,494.10 $139,991.60 $170,076.72 $187,807.42
Balance
Ending
$89,214 $111,494 $139,992 $170,077 $187,807 $217,175
Balance
Change ($) - $22,280 $28,498 $30,085 $17,731 $29,368
Figure 115: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$250,000
$217,175
$200,000
$187,807
$170,077
$150,000 $139,992
$111,494
$100,000 $89,214
$50,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 243 of 381
Table 93: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 41 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 6 82.40 $ 1,204.57 $ 2,481.35 $ 2,965.27 $ 1,194.54 $ 9 20.83
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 25,917.30 $ 26,081.46 $ 26,837.12 $ 2 7,883.94 $ 28,795.24 $ 28,802.86
Total Revenues $ 26,599.70 $ 27,286.03 $ 29,318.47 $ 30,849.21 $ 29,989.78 $ 29,723.69
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Loma Prieta Drive $ 9,041.81 $ 5,006.12 $ 1 24.23 $ 124.22 $ 10,122.89 $ 4 1.70
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 47.27 $ - $ 2 80.94 $ 148.42 $ 1 49.42 $ 1 52.02
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 3 41.15 $ 400.56 $ 6 24.65 $ 1 24.22
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 7 4.65 $ 9 0.89 $ 1,362.12 $ 3 8.15
Total Expenditures $ 9 ,189.08 $ 5,006.12 $ 820.97 $ 7 64.09 $ 12,259.08 $ 356.09
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 17,410.62 $ 22,279.91 $ 28,497.50 $ 30,085.12 $ 17,730.70 $ 29,367.60
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 89,214.19 $ 1 11,494.10 $ 1 39,991.60 $ 1 70,076.72 $ 1 87,807.42
End of Year $ 89,214.19 $ 1 11,494.10 $ 139,991.60 $ 1 70,076.72 $ 187,807.42 $ 217,175.02
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 41’s first sphere of influence on August 3, 1983. The
current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 116 on
page 245 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 111 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. However, the County
should consider annexing the single parcel currently within the CSA’s sphere but outside
its jurisdictional boundary. Figure 117 on page 246 shows the proposed sphere
boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 244 of 381
Figure 116: CSA 41’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 245 of 381
Figure 117: CSA 41’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 246 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 41
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 1.06 road miles
District Area 0.04 square miles (appx. 27 acres)
Current Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $29,724
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $356
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $217,175
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 247 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 41 in 2020 was estimated to be 56. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 57 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 41 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 41 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in each of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $217,175.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 248 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Urban Low
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 41 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 41 has 111 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 1.06 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 41 has a population of approximately 56. The constituents fund the CSA a flat
rate benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 249 of 381
CSA 42 (SUNLIT LANE)
Overview
County Service Area 42 was formed on September 7, 1983 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 1.28 road miles. Appendix 23 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 46 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 172 acres).
Figure 118, on page 251, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 42’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural and Mountain Residential. Table
94 shows the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows,
CSA 42 has three funding zones (Zones A-C) with different rates. The rates have
remained the same since FY 2019-20. Figure 119 on page 252 shows the location of the
zones. The County currently has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs,
including CSA 42.
Table 94: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 42 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Zone A $101.70 $101.70 $151.70 $151.70 $151.70
Change (%) 0% 49% 0% 0%
Zone B $109.20 $109.20 $159.20 $159.20 $159.20
Change (%) 0% 46% 0% 0%
Zone C $117.30 $117.30 $167.30 $167.30 $167.30
Change (%) 0% 43% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 42 was 2020 is estimated to be 323. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 95 shows the anticipated population within CSA 42. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 42. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 42 will be approximately 334 by 2040.
Table 95: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 42 323 326 329 331 334
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 250 of 381
Figure 118: CSA 42’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 251 of 381
Figure 119: CSA 42’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 252 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 42’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 97 on page 255.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $6,660,
representing a 0.39% decrease from the previous year ($6,700 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $490, which decreased by 7% from the
previous year ($530 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, with the exception of FY 2016-17, as shown in Figure 120. LAFCO staff believes
that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s ability to collect the
necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 120: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$8,000
$6,981
$7,000 $6,759
$6,681 $6,655
$5,970
$6,000
$4,958
$5,000
$4,710
$4,640
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000 $1,813
$1,000
$528 $494
$65
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 253 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $39,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 96 and Figure 121, the CSA’s fund balance has increased over the years and has
maintained an annual balance above $18,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue if the County collects the necessary funds to
offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 96: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $18,364.10 $23,009.34 $26,154.99 $26,376.79 $32,529.07
Balance
Ending
$18,364 $23,009 $26,155 $26,377 $32,529 $38,690
Balance
Change ($) - $4,645 $3,146 $222 $6,152 $6,161
Figure 121: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$45,000
$40,000 $38,690
$35,000
$32,529
$30,000
$26,155 $26,377
$25,000 $23,009
$20,000 $18,364
$15,000
$10,000
$5,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 254 of 381
Table 97: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 42 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 1 76.21 $ 246.16 $ 4 94.67 $ 487.76 $ 1 91.11 $ 1 61.76
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 4,463.36 $ 4,463.62 $ 4,463.62 $ 6,493.12 $ 6,489.64 $ 6,493.12
Total Revenues $ 4,639.57 $ 4,709.78 $ 4 ,958.29 $ 6,980.88 $ 6 ,680.75 $ 6 ,654.88
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Sunlit Lane $ 5,830.84 $ 6 4.54 $ 5 7.88 $ 4,993.88 $ 1 56.54 $ 2 57.87
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 1,316.75 $ 836.25 $ 1 88.21 $ 5 7.88
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 1 88.01 $ 803.95 $ 5 8.72 $ 5 2.89
Total Expenditures $ 5,969.59 $ 64.54 $ 1 ,812.64 $ 6,759.08 $ 528.47 $ 493.64
Surplus/(Deficit) $ (1,330.02) $ 4,645.24 $ 3 ,145.65 $ 2 21.80 $ 6 ,152.28 $ 6 ,161.24
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 1 8,364.10 $ 23,009.34 $ 2 6,154.99 $ 26,376.79 $ 32,529.07
End of Year $ 18,364.10 $ 23,009.34 $ 26,154.99 $ 26,376.79 $ 32,529.07 $ 38,690.31
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 42’s first sphere of influence on September 7, 1983.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 122 on
page 256 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 46 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
However, the County should consider annexing the split parcel shown in Figure 119 as
well as 27 additional parcels currently within the CSA’s sphere but outside its jurisdictional
boundary in the near future. Staff is recommending that the current sphere be reaffirmed.
Figure 123 on page 257 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 255 of 381
Figure 122: CSA 42’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 256 of 381
Figure 123: CSA 42’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 257 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 42
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 1.28 road miles
District Area 0.27 square miles (appx. 172 acres)
Current Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $6,655
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $494
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $38,690
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 258 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 42 in 2020 was estimated to be 323. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 334 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 42 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 42 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in five of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $38,690.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 259 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural and Mountain
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 42 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 42 has 46 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 1.28 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 42 has a population of approximately 323. The constituents fund the through
three zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis. Any
increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 260 of 381
CSA 43 (BONITA ENCINO)
Overview
County Service Area 43 was formed on September 7, 1983 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 1.04 road miles. Appendix 24 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 93 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 28 acres).
Figure 124, on page 262, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 43’s current jurisdictional
boundary. The only boundary change involving the CSA occurred in 1994, which annexed
14 parcels. At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Urban Low
Residential. Table 98 shows the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years.
As the table shows, CSA 43 does not have any zones and all constituents pay the same
rate. The County currently has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs,
including CSA 43.
Table 98: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 43 $279.50 $279.50 $279.50 $279.50 $279.50
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 43 was 2020 is estimated to be 47. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 99 shows the anticipated population within CSA 43. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 43. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 43 will be approximately 48 by 2040.
Table 99: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 43 47 47 47 48 48
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 261 of 381
Figure 124: CSA 43’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 262 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 43’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 101 on page
265.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $21,650,
representing a 0.61% decrease from the previous year ($21,800 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $1,800, which increased by 113% from the
previous year ($850 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, with the exception of FY 2016-17, as shown in Figure 125. LAFCO staff believes
that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s ability to collect the
necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 125: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$100,000
$90,000 $86,982
$80,000
$70,000
$60,000
$50,000
$40,000
$30,000
$24,045
$22,857
$21,639 $21,781 $21,647
$20,706
$20,000
$15,705
$11,493
$10,000
$5,136
$1,805
$848
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 263 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $146,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 100 and Figure 126, the CSA’s fund balance has increased over the years and
has maintained an annual balance above $68,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO
staff believes the positive balance may continue if the County collects the necessary
funds to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the
event that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects,
or emergency repairs.
Table 100: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $68,519.00 $78,664.22 $87,003.60 $104,724.44 $125,657.53
Balance
Ending
$68,519 $78,664 $87,004 $104,724 $125,658 $145,500
Balance
Change ($) - $10,145 $8,339 $17,721 $20,933 $19,843
Figure 126: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$160,000
$145,500
$140,000
$125,658
$120,000
$104,724
$100,000
$87,004
$78,664
$80,000
$68,519
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 264 of 381
Table 101: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 43 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 506.83 $ 885.68 $ 1,749.94 $ 1 ,827.73 $ 751.45 $ 617.90
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ 332.00 $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ 1,210.00 $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 20,199.10 $ 2 0,752.88 $ 20,752.88 $ 2 1,029.58 $ 21,029.58 $ 21,029.58
Total Revenues $ 20,706 $ 21,639 $ 24,045 $ 22,857 $ 21,781 $ 21,647
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Bonita Encino Drive $ 86,843.00 $ 7 ,482.53 $ 10,215.58 $ 108.70 $ 207.36 $ 1,153.76
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ 4,010.81 $ - $ 3 ,650.57 $ - $ 224.00
Acct & Audit Fees $ 138.75 $ - $ 250.00 $ 125.00 $ 125.00 $ 125.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 3,568.78 $ 641.24 $ 421.36 $ 108.70
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 1,671.08 $ 610.96 $ 9 4.22 $ 193.38
Total Expenditures $ 86,982 $ 11,493 $ 15,705 $ 5,136 $ 848 $ 1 ,805
Surplus/(Deficit) $ (66,275.82) $ 10,145.22 $ 8,339.38 $ 17,720.84 $ 2 0,933.09 $ 1 9,842.64
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 6 8,519.00 $ 78,664.22 $ 8 7,003.60 $ 1 04,724.44 $ 1 25,657.53
End of Year $ 68,519 $ 78,664 $ 87,004 $ 1 04,724 $ 125,658 $ 145,500
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 43’s first sphere of influence on September 7, 1983.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 127 on
page 266 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 93 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. However, the County
should consider annexing the 75 parcels currently within the CSA’s sphere but outside its
jurisdictional boundary. Figure 128 on page 267 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 265 of 381
Figure 127: CSA 43’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 266 of 381
Figure 128: CSA 43’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 267 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 43
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 1.04 road miles
District Area 0.04 square miles (appx. 28 acres)
Current Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $21,647
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $1,805
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $145,500
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 268 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 43 in 2020 was estimated to be 47. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 48 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 43 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 43 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in five of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $146,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 269 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Urban Low
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 43 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 43 has 93 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 1.04 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 43 has a population of approximately 47. The constituents fund the CSA a flat
rate benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 270 of 381
CSA 44 (SUNBEAM WOODS)
Overview
County Service Area 44 was formed on October 2, 1983 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 0.75 road miles. Appendix 25 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 63 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 20 acres).
Figure 129, on page 272, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 44’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural Residential. Table 102 shows the
benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 44 does
not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate for improved parcels only. The
County currently has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA
44.
Table 102: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 44 $368.42 $368.42 $368.42 $380.58 $380.58
Change (%) 0% 0% 3% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 44 was 2020 is estimated to be 76. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 103 shows the anticipated population within CSA 44. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 44. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 44 will be approximately 79 by 2040.
Table 103: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 44 76 77 77 78 79
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 271 of 381
Figure 129: CSA 44’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 272 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 44’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 105 on page
275.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $15,600,
representing a 2% increase from the previous year ($15,300 in FY 20-21). Total expenses
for FY 2021-22 were approximately $415, which decreased by 25% from the previous
year ($550 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a surplus, with
the exception of FY 2016-17 and FY 2019-20, as shown in Figure 130. LAFCO staff
believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s ability to
collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 130: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$60,000
$52,203
$50,000
$40,438
$40,000
$30,000
$20,000
$15,412 $15,267 $15,772 $15,917 $15,276 $15,631
$10,000
$288 $733 $551 $415
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 273 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $55,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 104 and Figure 131, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $19,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may deplete unless the County collects the necessary funds
to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 104: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $19,229.00 $34,207.07 $49,245.74 $24,725.23 $39,450.60
Balance
Ending
$19,229 $34,207 $49,246 $24,725 $39,451 $54,666
Balance
Change ($) - $14,978 $15,039 $(24,521) $14,725 $15,216
Figure 131: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$60,000
$54,666
$49,246
$50,000
$39,451
$40,000
$34,207
$30,000
$24,725
$19,229
$20,000
$10,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 274 of 381
Table 105: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 44 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 4 57.85 $ 312.39 $ 8 17.76 $ 598.18 $ 1 96.84 $ 2 12.86
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 14,954.34 $ 14,954.16 $ 14,954.17 $ 1 5,318.90 $ 15,079.32 $ 15,417.74
Total Revenues $ 15,412.19 $ 15,266.55 $ 15,771.93 $ 15,917.08 $ 15,276.16 $ 15,630.60
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Sunbeam Woods $ 52,064.46 $ 288.48 $ 5 7.88 $ 3 4,457.88 $ 1 56.54 $ 1 87.64
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 3 53.02 $ 1,044.95 $ 2 08.05 $ 5 7.88
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 7 2.36 $ 4,809.76 $ 6 1.20 $ 4 4.46
Total Expenditures $ 52,203.21 $ 2 88.48 $ 733.26 $ 40,437.59 $ 550.79 $ 414.98
Surplus/(Deficit) $ ( 36,791.02) $ 14,978.07 $ 15,038.67 $ ( 24,520.51) $ 14,725.37 $ 15,215.62
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 1 9,229.00 $ 34,207.07 $ 4 9,245.74 $ 24,725.23 $ 39,450.60
End of Year $ 19,229.00 $ 34,207.07 $ 49,245.74 $ 24,725.23 $ 39,450.60 $ 54,666.22
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 44’s first sphere of influence on October 2, 1983. The
current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 132 on
page 276 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 63 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. However, the County
should consider annexing the 4 parcels currently within the CSA’s sphere but outside its
jurisdictional boundary. Figure 133 on page 277 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 275 of 381
Figure 132: CSA 44’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 276 of 381
Figure 133: CSA 44’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 277 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 44
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 0.75 road miles
District Area 0.03 square miles (appx. 20 acres)
Current Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $15,631
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $415
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $54,666
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 278 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 44 in 2020 was estimated to be 76. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 79 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 44 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 44 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in four of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $55,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 279 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 44 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 44 has 63 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 0.75 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 44 has a population of approximately 76. The constituents fund the CSA a flat
rate benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 280 of 381
CSA 46 (PINECREST DRIVE)
Overview
County Service Area 46 was formed on October 2, 1983 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 1.67 road miles. Appendix 26 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 60 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 379 acres).
Figure 134, on page 283, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 46’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain and Rural Residential. Table
106 shows the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows,
CSA 46 has 20 funding zones (Zones A-T). The rates have remained the same since FY
2018-19. Figure 135 on page 284 shows the location of the zones. The County currently
has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 46.
Table 106: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 46 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Zone A $29.00 $29.84 $29.84 $29.84 $29.84
Zone B $39.00 $40.12 $40.12 $40.12 $40.12
Zone C $42.00 $43.20 $43.20 $43.20 $43.20
Zone D $52.00 $53.50 $53.50 $53.50 $53.50
Zone E $75.00 $77.16 $77.16 $77.16 $77.16
Zone F $83.00 $85.40 $85.40 $85.40 $85.40
Zone G $171.00 $175.94 $175.94 $175.94 $175.94
Zone H $185.00 $190.36 $190.36 $190.36 $190.36
Zone I $276.00 $284.00 $284.00 $284.00 $284.00
Zone J $303.00 $311.78 $311.78 $311.78 $311.78
Zone K $337.00 $346.76 $346.76 $346.76 $346.76
Zone L $356.00 $366.32 $366.32 $366.32 $366.32
Zone M $388.00 $399.24 $399.24 $399.24 $399.24
Zone N $389.00 $400.28 $400.28 $400.28 $400.28
Zone O $428.00 $440.40 $440.40 $440.40 $440.40
Zone P $454.00 $467.16 $467.16 $467.16 $467.16
Zone Q $464.00 $477.44 $477.44 $477.44 $477.44
Zone R $501.00 $515.52 $515.52 $515.52 $515.52
Zone S $528.00 $543.30 $543.30 $543.30 $543.30
Zone T $558.00 $574.18 $574.18 $574.18 $574.18
Change (%) 3% 0% 0% 0%
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 281 of 381
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 46 was 2020 is estimated to be 30. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 107 shows the anticipated population within CSA 46. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 46. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 46 will be approximately 31 by 2040.
Table 107: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 46 30 30 31 31 31
Section Intentionally Left Blank
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 282 of 381
Figure 134: CSA 46’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 283 of 381
Figure 135: CSA 46’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 284 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 46’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 109 on page
287.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $38,000,
representing a 250% increase from the previous year ($11,000 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $1,000, which decreased by 70% from the
previous year ($3,400 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, with the exception of FY 2019-20, as shown in Figure 136. LAFCO staff believes
that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s ability to collect the
necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 136: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$80,000
$70,000 $68,455
$60,000
$50,000
$40,000 $37,811
$30,000
$20,000
$11,912 $11,875
$10,722 $10,991 $10,788
$10,000
$3,420
$182 $450 $734 $1,029
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 285 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $55,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 108 and Figure 137, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $10,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue if the County collects the necessary funds to
offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 108: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $45,782.73 $56,324.38 $67,501.81 $10,921.59 $18,289.78
Balance
Ending
$45,783 $56,324 $67,502 $10,922 $18,290 $55,072
Balance
Change ($) - $10,542 $11,177 $(56,580) $7,368 $36,782
Figure 137: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$80,000
$70,000 $67,502
$60,000
$56,324
$55,072
$50,000
$45,783
$40,000
$30,000
$18,290
$20,000
$10,922
$10,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 286 of 381
Table 109: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 46 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 3 38.02 $ 607.36 $ 1,226.61 $ 1,189.60 $ 1 03.11 $ 1 99.07
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 6,927.00
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 20,000.00
Other Road & Street Services $ 10,383.88 $ 10,384.10 $ 10,684.95 $ 1 0,684.95 $ 10,684.95 $ 10,684.95
Total Revenues $ 10,721.90 $ 10,991.46 $ 11,911.56 $ 11,874.55 $ 10,788.06 $ 37,811.02
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Pinecrest $ 4 3.48 $ 449.81 $ 5 0.82 $ 5 8,850.82 $ 1,904.23 $ 5 74.72
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 1 67.88
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 40.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 3 60.10 $ 1,336.75 $ 1,065.20 $ -
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 7 3.21 $ 8,142.20 $ 3 25.44 $ 1 46.03
Total Expenditures $ 182.23 $ 4 49.81 $ 734.13 $ 68,454.77 $ 3 ,419.87 $ 1 ,028.63
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 10,539.67 $ 10,541.65 $ 11,177.43 $ ( 56,580.22) $ 7 ,368.19 $ 36,782.39
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 4 5,782.73 $ 56,324.38 $ 6 7,501.81 $ 10,921.59 $ 18,289.78
End of Year $ 45,782.73 $ 56,324.38 $ 67,501.81 $ 10,921.59 $ 18,289.78 $ 55,072.17
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 46’s first sphere of influence on December 19, 1983.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 138 on
page 288 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 60 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. However, the County
should consider annexing the eight parcels currently within the CSA’s sphere but outside
its jurisdictional boundary. Figure 139 on page 289 shows the proposed sphere
boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 287 of 381
Figure 138: CSA 46’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 288 of 381
Figure 139: CSA 46’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 289 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 46
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 1.67 road miles
District Area 0.60 square miles (appx. 379 acres)
Current Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $37,811
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $1,029
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $55,072
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 290 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 46 in 2020 was estimated to be 30. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 31 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 46 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 46 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in five of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $55,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 291 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain and Rural
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 46 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 46 has 60 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 1.67 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 46 has a population of approximately 30. The constituents fund the through 20
zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis. Any increase
in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 292 of 381
CSA 47 (BRAEMOOR DRIVE)
Overview
County Service Area 47 was formed on January 9, 1985 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 1.29 road miles. Appendix 27 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 58 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 755 acres).
Figure 140, on page 294, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 47’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain and Rural Residential. Table
110 shows the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows,
CSA 47 has two funding zones (Improved and Unimproved Parcels) with different rates.
Figure 141 on page 295 shows the location of the zones. The County currently has 2
employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 47.
Table 110: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 47 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Unimproved $102.60 $102.60 $106.60 $200.00 $200.00
Improved $205.20 $205.20 $213.20 $400.00 $400.00
Change (%) 0% 4% 88% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 47 was 2020 is estimated to be 84. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 111 shows the anticipated population within CSA 47. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 47. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 47 will be approximately 87 by 2040.
Table 111: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 47 84 85 85 86 87
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 293 of 381
Figure 140: CSA 47’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 294 of 381
Figure 141: CSA 47’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 295 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 47’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 113 on page
298.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $14,000,
representing a 34% decrease from the previous year ($21,000 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $460, which decreased by 83% from the
previous year ($2,800 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, with the exception of FY 2019-20, as shown in Figure 142. LAFCO staff believes
that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s ability to collect the
necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 142: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$70,000
$60,000 $58,129
$50,000
$40,000
$30,000
$21,275
$20,000
$13,945
$12,302 $12,539
$11,225 $11,553
$10,000
$2,780
$1,219
$230 $127 $459
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 296 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $69,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 112 and Figure 143, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $37,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue if the County collects the necessary funds to
offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 112: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $60,211.73 $71,638.25 $82,721.45 $37,131.81 $55,626.90
Balance
Ending
$60,212 $71,638 $82,721 $37,132 $55,627 $69,113
Balance
Change ($) - $11,427 $11,083 $(45,590) $18,495 $13,486
Figure 143: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$90,000
$82,721
$80,000
$71,638
$69,113
$70,000
$60,212
$60,000
$55,627
$50,000
$40,000 $37,132
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 297 of 381
Table 113: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 47 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 4 59.03 $ 786.25 $ 1,535.23 $ 1,352.49 $ 2 87.06 $ 2 83.10
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 10,766.40 $ 10,766.84 $ 10,766.84 $ 1 1,186.60 $ 20,988.00 $ 13,662.00
Total Revenues $ 11,225.43 $ 11,553.09 $ 12,302.07 $ 12,539.09 $ 21,275.06 $ 13,945.10
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Braemoor $ 9 0.93 $ 126.57 $ 7 6.23 $ 4 5,276.22 $ 1,829.33 $ 2 08.49
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 7 70.21 $ 5,813.52 $ 5 62.78 $ 7 6.22
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 1 22.43 $ 6,913.99 $ 2 62.86 $ 4 9.17
Total Expenditures $ 229.68 $ 1 26.57 $ 1 ,218.87 $ 58,128.73 $ 2 ,779.97 $ 458.88
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 10,995.75 $ 11,426.52 $ 11,083.20 $ ( 45,589.64) $ 18,495.09 $ 13,486.22
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 6 0,211.73 $ 71,638.25 $ 8 2,721.45 $ 37,131.81 $ 55,626.90
End of Year $ 60,211.73 $ 71,638.25 $ 82,721.45 $ 37,131.81 $ 55,626.90 $ 69,113.12
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 47’s first sphere of influence on January 9, 1985. The
current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 144 on
page 299 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 58 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure
145 on page 300 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 298 of 381
Figure 144: CSA 47’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 299 of 381
Figure 145: CSA 47’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 300 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 47
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 1.29 road miles
District Area 1.18 square miles (appx. 755 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $13,945
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $459
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $69,113
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 301 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 47 in 2020 was estimated to be 84. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 87 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 47 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 47 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in five of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $69,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 302 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain and Rural
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 47 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 47 has 58 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 1.29 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 47 has a population of approximately 84. The constituents fund the through two
zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis. Any increase
in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 303 of 381
CSA 50 (THE VINEYARD)
Overview
County Service Area 50 was formed on October 7, 1987 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 1.65 road miles. Appendix 28 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 57 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 61 acres).
Figure 146, on page 305, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 50’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural Residential. Table 114 shows the
benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 50 does
not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate. The County currently has 2
employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 50.
Table 114: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 50 $400.00 $400.00 $400.00 $400.00 $400.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 50 was 2020 is estimated to be 27. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 115 shows the anticipated population within CSA 50. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 50. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 50 will be approximately 28 by 2040.
Table 115: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 18 27 27 27 28 28
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 304 of 381
Figure 146: CSA 50’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 305 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 50’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 117 on page
308.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $23,400,
representing a 2% decrease from the previous year ($23,800 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $345, which decreased by 14% from the
previous year ($400 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, as shown in Figure 147. LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may
continue based upon the CSA’s ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated
expenses.
Figure 147: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$30,000
$26,454
$26,045
$25,000 $24,215
$23,811
$23,415 $23,399
$20,000
$15,000
$10,000
$5,000
$1,264
$224 $354 $375 $403 $345
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 306 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $280,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 116 and Figure 148, the CSA’s fund balance has increased over the years and
has maintained an annual balance above $158,000. Based on this historical trend,
LAFCO staff believes the positive balance may continue if the County collects the
necessary funds to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be
critical in the event that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital
improvements projects, or emergency repairs.
Table 116: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $158,793.11 $182,654.16 $207,435.22 $233,513.94 $256,921.32
Balance
Ending
$158,793 $182,654 $207,435 $233,514 $256,921 $279,975
Balance
Change ($) - $23,861 $24,781 $26,079 $23,407 $23,054
Figure 148: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$300,000
$279,975
$256,921
$250,000
$233,514
$207,435
$200,000
$182,654
$158,793
$150,000
$100,000
$50,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 307 of 381
Table 117: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 50 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 1,239.45 $ 2,039.35 $ 3,868.96 $ 4,277.63 $ 1,634.61 $ 1,223.02
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 22,176.00 $ 22,176.00 $ 22,176.00 $ 2 2,176.00 $ 22,176.00 $ 22,176.00
Total Revenues $ 23,415.45 $ 24,215.35 $ 26,044.96 $ 26,453.63 $ 23,810.61 $ 23,399.02
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Vineyard $ 8 5.26 $ 354.30 $ 7 9.05 $ 7 9.06 $ 1 77.72 $ 1 04.25
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 129.88 $ 1 31.38 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 8 07.90 $ 121.38 $ 4 9.33 $ 7 9.06
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 1 26.95 $ 4 4.59 $ 4 4.80 $ 3 7.00
Total Expenditures $ 224.01 $ 3 54.30 $ 1 ,263.90 $ 3 74.91 $ 403.23 $ 345.31
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 23,191.44 $ 23,861.05 $ 24,781.06 $ 26,078.72 $ 23,407.38 $ 23,053.71
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 1 58,793.11 $ 1 82,654.16 $ 2 07,435.22 $ 2 33,513.94 $ 2 56,921.32
End of Year $ 158,793.11 $ 1 82,654.16 $ 207,435.22 $ 2 33,513.94 $ 256,921.32 $ 279,975.03
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 50’s first sphere of influence on October 7, 1987. The
current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 149 on
page 309 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 57 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure
150 on page 310 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 308 of 381
Figure 149: CSA 50’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 309 of 381
Figure 150: CSA 50’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 310 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 50
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 1.65 road miles
District Area 0.10 square miles (appx. 61 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $23,399
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $345
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $279,975
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 311 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 50 in 2020 was estimated to be 27. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 28 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 50 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 50 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in each of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $280,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 312 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Rural Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 50 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 50 has 57 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 1.65 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 50 has a population of approximately 27. The constituents fund the CSA a flat
rate benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 313 of 381
CSA 51 (HOPKINS GULCH ROAD)
Overview
County Service Area 51 was formed on September 6, 1989 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 4.07 road miles. Appendix 29 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 68 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 716 acres).
Figure 151, on page 316, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 51’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential. Table 118 shows
the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 51
has 15 funding zones (Zones A-G for improved and unimproved parcels), including a
separate rate for the excavating company. Figure 152 on page 317 shows the location
of the zones. The County currently has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road
CSAs, including CSA 51.
Table 106: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 51 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Zone A (unimproved) $6.36 $6.54 $6.54 $6.54 $6.64
Zone A (improved) $25.54 $26.28 $26.28 $26.28 $26.72
Zone B (unimproved) $40.80 $114.22 $41.98 $41.98 $42.68
Zone B (improved) $163.22 $456.94 $167.94 $167.94 $170.78
Zone C (unimproved) $100.82 $343.23 $103.74 $103.74 $105.50
Zone C (improved) $403.36 $1,373.04 $415.04 $415.04 $422.08
Jackson Excavating
$1,210.24 $2,203.32 $1,245.32 $1,245.32 $1,266.24
Company
Zone D (unimproved) $132.04 $374.86 $135.86 $135.86 $138.16
Zone D (improved) $528.24 $1,501.54 $543.54 $543.54 $552.78
Zone E (unimproved) $144.04 $387.69 $148.20 $148.20 $150.70
Zone E (improved) $576.26 $1,550.96 $592.96 $592.96 $603.04
Zone F (unimproved) $184.88 $429.73 $190.24 $190.24 $193.46
Zone F (improved) $739.50 $1,719.02 $761.02 $761.02 $773.94
Zone G (unimproved) $240.10 $1,021.54 $247.06 $247.06 $251.26
Zone G (improved) $960.48 $4,086.32 $988.32 $988.32 $1,005.12
Change (%) 3% 0% 0% 0%
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 314 of 381
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 51 was 2020 is estimated to be 34. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 119 shows the anticipated population within CSA 51. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 51. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 51 will be approximately 35 by 2040.
Table 119: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 51 34 34 35 35 35
Section Intentionally Left Blank
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 315 of 381
Figure 151: CSA 51’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 316 of 381
Figure 152: CSA 51’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 317 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 51’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 121 on page
320.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $309,000,
representing an 8% decrease from the previous year ($339,000 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $43,000, which decreased by 94% from
the previous year ($670,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year
with a surplus, with the exception of FY 2016-17 and FY 2020-21, as shown in Figure
153. LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the
CSA’s ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 153: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$800,000
$700,000
$670,389
$600,000
$500,000
$400,000
$338,852
$309,264
$300,000 $284,278
$229,363
$197,997
$200,000
$169,208
$153,402
$100,000 $80,774
$37,741 $42,968
$22,641
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 318 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $189,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 120 and Figure 154, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years and
ended in a deficit in FY 2020-21, totaling almost $78,000. Based on this historical trend,
LAFCO staff believes the positive balance may deplete unless the County collects the
necessary funds to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be
critical in the event that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital
improvements projects, or emergency repairs.
Table 120: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $3,415.10 $34,780.31 $50,587.04 $254,091.57 $(77,444.60)
Balance
Ending
$3,415 $34,780 $50,587 $254,092 $(77,445) $188,851
Balance
Change ($) - $31,365 $15,807 $203,505 $(331,536) $266,296
Figure 154: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$300,000
$254,092
$250,000
$200,000 $188,851
$150,000
$100,000
$50,587
$50,000 $34,780
$3,415
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
$(50,000)
$(77,445)
$(100,000)
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 319 of 381
Table 121: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 51 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ (2.29) $ (661.46) $ (455.04) $ (115.43) $ (661.31) $ (152.05)
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ 8,169.00 $ 83,255.14 $ 3 2,826.82 $ 6 1,944.00 $ 48,609.19
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ 148,532.58 $ 8,233.67 $ 4 4,190.12 $ 2 25,667.70 $ 194,437.80
Other Revenue $ - $ 50,000.00 $ - $ (46,601.17) $ 2 7,585.76 $ 27,585.83
Member Contributions $ - $ - $ - $ 2 29,654.57 $ - $ 14,046.98
Other Road & Street Services $ 22,643.24 $ 23,322.54 $ 78,174.64 $ 2 4,323.53 $ 2 4,316.24 $ 24,736.16
Total Revenues $ 22,640.95 $ 2 29,362.66 $ 169,208.41 $ 2 84,278.44 $ 3 38,852.39 $ 309,263.91
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Hopkins Gulch $ 37,602.25 $ 1 97,997.45 $ 1 22,059.93 $ 1 2,231.07 $ 3 1,171.13 $ 2,123.74
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ 44,572.41 $ 5 61,164.67 $ 34,765.49
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Loan $ - $ - $ - $ 2,000.00 $ - $ -
Interest on Long Term Debt $ - $ - $ - $ 508.81 $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 500.00 $ 5 00.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 14,991.84 $ 1 2,448.40 $ 3,448.28 $ 1,081.05
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 16,099.91 $ 8,888.22 $ 7 4,104.48 $ 4,497.55
Total Expenditures $ 37,741.00 $ 1 97,997.45 $ 153,401.68 $ 80,773.91 $ 6 70,388.56 $ 42,967.83
Surplus/(Deficit) $ ( 15,100.05) $ 31,365.21 $ 15,806.73 $ 2 03,504.53 $ (331,536.17) $ 266,296.08
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 3,415.10 $ 34,780.31 $ 5 0,587.04 $ 2 54,091.57 $ (77,444.60)
End of Year $ 3,415.10 $ 34,780.31 $ 50,587.04 $ 2 54,091.57 $ ( 77,444.60) $ 188,851.48
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 51’s first sphere of influence on September 6, 1989.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 155 on
page 321 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 68 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. However, the County
should consider annexing the five parcels currently within the CSA’s sphere but outside
its jurisdictional boundary. Figure 156 on page 322 shows the proposed sphere
boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 320 of 381
Figure 155: CSA 51’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 321 of 381
Figure 156: CSA 51’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 322 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 51
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 4.07 road miles
District Area 1.12 square miles (appx. 716 acres)
Current Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Larger than District (i.e., sphere boundary
extends beyond the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $309,264
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $42,968
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $188,851
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 323 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 51 in 2020 was estimated to be 34. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 35 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 51 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 51 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in four of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $189,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 324 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 51 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 51 has 68 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 4.07 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 51 has a population of approximately 34. The constituents fund the through 15
zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis. Any increase
in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 325 of 381
CSA 52 (UPPER PLEASANT VALLEY ROAD)
Overview
County Service Area 52 was formed on November 7, 1990 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 1.58 road miles. Appendix 30 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 54 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 388 acres).
Figure 157, on page 328, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 52’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain and Rural Residential. Table
122 shows the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows,
CSA 52 has 18 funding zones (Zones A-U) for improved parcels only. Figure 158 on page
329 shows the location of the zones. The County currently has 2 employees assigned to
manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 52.
Table 122: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 52 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Zone A (improved) $185.94 $191.32 $198.78 $205.34 $208.82
Zone D (improved) $160.10 $164.74 $171.16 $176.80 $179.80
Zone E (improved) $203.48 $209.38 $217.54 $224.72 $228.54
Zone F (improved) $83.18 $85.58 $88.92 $91.84 $93.40
Zone G (improved) $281.56 $289.72 $301.02 $310.94 $316.22
Zone H (improved) $51.52 $53.00 $55.06 $56.88 $57.84
Zone I (improved) $50.84 $52.30 $54.34 $56.12 $57.06
Zone J (improved) $118.32 $121.74 $126.48 $130.64 $132.86
Zone K (improved) $240.04 $247.00 $256.62 $265.08 $269.58
Zone L (improved) $256.90 $264.34 $274.64 $283.70 $288.52
Zone M (improved) $243.92 $250.98 $260.76 $269.36 $273.92
Zone N (improved) $223.02 $229.48 $238.42 $246.28 $250.46
Zone O (improved) $156.22 $160.74 $167.00 $172.50 $175.42
Zone P (improved) $293.00 $301.48 $313.24 $323.58 $329.08
Zone R (improved) $182.92 $188.22 $195.56 $202.00 $205.42
Zone S (improved) $118.92 $122.36 $127.12 $131.30 $133.52
Zone T (improved) $254.56 $261.94 $272.16 $281.14 $285.90
Zone U (improved) $266.98 $274.72 $285.42 $294.84 $299.84
Change (%) 3% 4% 3% 2%
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 326 of 381
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 52 was 2020 is estimated to be 27. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 123 shows the anticipated population within CSA 52. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 52. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 52 will be approximately 28 by 2040.
Table 123: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 52 27 27 27 28 28
Section Intentionally Left Blank
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 327 of 381
Figure 157: CSA 52’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 328 of 381
Figure 158: CSA 52’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 329 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 52’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 125 on page
332.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $6,260,
representing a 1.64% increase from the previous year ($6,160 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $220, which decreased by 53% from the
previous year ($480 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, with the exception of FY 2018-19, as shown in Figure 159. LAFCO staff believes
that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s ability to collect the
necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 159: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$30,000
$26,576
$25,000
$20,000
$15,000
$10,000
$6,237 $6,051 $6,161 $6,262
$5,667
$5,381
$5,000
$382 $175 $429 $478 $223
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 330 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $24,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 124 and Figure 160, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $6,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue if the County collects the necessary funds to
offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 124: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $21,202.86 $26,694.82 $6,355.43 $11,977.24 $17,659.44
Balance
Ending
$21,203 $26,695 $6,355 $11,977 $17,659 $23,698
Balance
Change ($) - $5,492 $(20,339) $5,622 $5,682 $6,038
Figure 160: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$30,000
$26,695
$25,000 $23,698
$21,203
$20,000
$17,659
$15,000
$11,977
$10,000
$6,355
$5,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 331 of 381
Table 125: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 52 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 1 55.90 $ 284.94 $ 5 78.54 $ 172.24 $ 9 2.16 $ 85.76
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 5,224.82 $ 5,381.58 $ 5,658.50 $ 5,879.04 $ 6,068.50 $ 6,175.82
Total Revenues $ 5,380.72 $ 5,666.52 $ 6 ,237.04 $ 6,051.28 $ 6 ,160.66 $ 6 ,261.58
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Pleasant Valley $ 243.44 $ 174.56 $ 22,733.64 $ 5 3.64 $ 2 50.96 $ 2 0.85
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 7 51.06 $ 199.74 $ 4 9.33 $ 5 3.64
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 2,841.73 $ 5 1.09 $ 5 3.17 $ 2 3.94
Total Expenditures $ 382.19 $ 1 74.56 $ 26,576.43 $ 4 29.47 $ 478.46 $ 223.43
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 4 ,998.53 $ 5,491.96 $ ( 20,339.39) $ 5,621.81 $ 5 ,682.20 $ 6 ,038.15
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 2 1,202.86 $ 26,694.82 $ 6,355.43 $ 11,977.24 $ 17,659.44
End of Year $ 21,202.86 $ 26,694.82 $ 6 ,355.43 $ 11,977.24 $ 17,659.44 $ 23,697.59
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 52’s first sphere of influence on November 7, 1990.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 161 on
page 333 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 54 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure
162 on page 334 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 332 of 381
Figure 161: CSA 52’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 333 of 381
Figure 162: CSA 52’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 334 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 52
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 1.58 road miles
District Area 0.60 square miles (appx. 388 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $6,262
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $223
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $23,698
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 335 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 52 in 2020 was estimated to be 27. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 28 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 52 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 52 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in five of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $24,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 336 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain and Rural
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 52 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 52 has 54 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 1.58 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 52 has a population of approximately 27. The constituents fund the through 18
zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis. Any increase
in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 337 of 381
CSA 55 (RIVERDALE PARK)
Overview
County Service Area 55 was formed on August 7, 1996 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 0.91 road miles. Appendix 31 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 69 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 35 acres).
Figure 163, on page 340, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 55’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain and Rural Residential. Table
126 shows the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows,
CSA 55 has nine funding zones (Zones A-I). The rates have remained the same since FY
2018-19. Figure 164 on page 341 shows the location of the zones. The County currently
has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 55.
Table 126: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 55 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Zone A $15.00 $15.00 $15.00 $15.00 $15.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Zone B $550.00 $565.00 $565.00 $565.00 $565.00
Change (%) 3% 0% 0% 0%
Zone C $15.00 $580.00 $580.00 $580.00 $580.00
Change (%) 3767% 0% 0% 0%
Zone D $40.00 $620.00 $620.00 $620.00 $620.00
Change (%) 1450% 0% 0% 0%
Zone E $25.00 $605.00 $605.00 $605.00 $605.00
Change (%) 2320% 0% 0% 0%
Zone F - $605.00 $605.00 $605.00 $605.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 0%
Zone G - $620.00 $620.00 $620.00 $620.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 0%
Zone H $60.00 $680.00 $680.00 $680.00 $680.00
Change (%) 1033% 0% 0% 0%
Zone I $200.00 $215.00 $215.00 $215.00 $215.00
Change (%) 8% 0% 0% 0%
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 338 of 381
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 55 was 2020 is estimated to be 35. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 127 shows the anticipated population within CSA 55. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 55. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 55 will be approximately 36 by 2040.
Table 127: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 55 35 35 35 35 36
Section Intentionally Left Blank
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 339 of 381
Figure 163: CSA 55’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 340 of 381
Figure 164: CSA 55’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 341 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 55’a financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 129 on page
344.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $55,000,
representing a 235% increase from the previous year ($16,000 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $23,000, which decreased by 40% from
the previous year ($39,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year
with a surplus, with the exception of FY 2018-19 and FY 2020-21, as shown in Figure
165. LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the
CSA’s ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 165: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$60,000
$54,852
$50,000
$40,000 $38,686
$30,000
$23,688 $23,197
$20,000
$17,355 $17,329
$16,659 $16,370
$15,757
$12,145
$10,000
$4,421
$325
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 342 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $96,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 128 and Figure 166, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $63,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue if the County collects the necessary funds to
offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 128: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $63,353.17 $79,686.35 $73,352.58 $86,261.09 $63,945.14
Balance
Ending
$63,353 $79,686 $73,353 $86,261 $63,945 $95,600
Balance
Change ($) - $16,333 $(6,334) $12,909 $(22,316) $31,655
Figure 166: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$120,000
$100,000 $95,600
$86,261
$79,686
$80,000
$73,353
$63,353 $63,945
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 343 of 381
Table 129: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 55 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 5 51.01 $ 847.13 $ 1,564.37 $ 1,523.83 $ 5 65.04 $ 2 96.90
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 3,750.00
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 35,000.00
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 15,206.20 $ 15,811.40 $ 15,790.35 $ 1 5,805.35 $ 15,805.35 $ 15,805.35
Total Revenues $ 15,757.21 $ 16,658.53 $ 17,354.72 $ 17,329.18 $ 16,370.39 $ 54,852.25
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Riverdale Park $ 12,006.67 $ 325.35 $ 18,546.58 $ 2,646.58 $ 32,646.58 $ 20,103.31
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 40.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ 2,358.85 $ 1,123.29 $ 1,616.27 $ 4 36.85
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ 2,533.06 $ 525.80 $ 4,298.49 $ 2,516.98
Total Expenditures $ 12,145.42 $ 3 25.35 $ 23,688.49 $ 4,420.67 $ 38,686.34 $ 23,197.14
Surplus/(Deficit) $ 3,611.79 $ 16,333.18 $ (6,333.77) $ 12,908.51 $ ( 22,315.95) $ 31,655.11
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 6 3,353.17 $ 79,686.35 $ 7 3,352.58 $ 86,261.09 $ 63,945.14
End of Year $ 63,353.17 $ 79,686.35 $ 73,352.58 $ 86,261.09 $ 63,945.14 $ 95,600.25
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 55’s first sphere of influence on August 7, 1996. The
current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 167 on
page 345 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 69 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure
168 on page 346 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 344 of 381
Figure 167: CSA 55’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 345 of 381
Figure 168: CSA 55’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 346 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 55
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 0.91 road miles
District Area 0.05 square miles (appx. 35 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $54,852
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $23,187
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $95,600
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 347 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 55 in 2020 was estimated to be 35. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 36 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 55 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 55 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in four of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $96,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 348 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain and Rural
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 55 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 55 has 69 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 0.91 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 55 has a population of approximately 35. The constituents fund the through nine
zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis. Any increase
in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 349 of 381
CSA 56 (FELTON GROVE)
Overview
County Service Area 56 was formed on February 4, 1998 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 0.57 road miles. Appendix 32 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 56 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 11 acres).
Figure 169, on page 351, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 56’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Suburban Residential. Table 130 shows
the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows, CSA 56
does not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate. The County currently
has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 56.
Table 130: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 56 $250.00 $250.00 $250.00 $250.00 $250.00
Change (%) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 56 was 2020 is estimated to be 165. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 131 shows the anticipated population within CSA 56. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 56. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 56 will be approximately 171 by 2040.
Table 131: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 56 165 166 168 169 171
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 350 of 381
Figure 169: CSA 56’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 351 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 56’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 133 on page
354.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $12,800,
representing a 3% decrease from the previous year ($13,200 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $2,800, which decreased by 57% from the
previous year ($6 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year with a
surplus, with the exception of FY 2016-17, as shown in Figure 170. LAFCO staff believes
that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the CSA’s ability to collect the
necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 170: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$35,000
$30,053
$30,000
$25,289
$25,000
$20,000
$15,523
$15,000 $13,749
$13,196 $13,181
$12,802
$10,000 $9,025
$6,529
$5,000
$2,916 $2,807
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
$(1,209)
$(5,000)
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 352 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $207,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 132 and Figure 171, the CSA’s fund balance has increased over the years and
has maintained an annual balance above $142,000. Based on this historical trend,
LAFCO staff believes the positive balance may continue if the County collects the
necessary funds to offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be
critical in the event that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital
improvements projects, or emergency repairs.
Table 132: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $142,162.53 $157,120.84 $184,258.41 $190,756.52 $197,408.39
Balance
Ending
$142,163 $157,121 $184,258 $190,757 $197,408 $207,403
Balance
Change ($) - $14,958 $27,138 $6,498 $6,652 $9,994
Figure 171: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$250,000
$207,403
$197,408
$200,000 $190,757
$184,258
$157,121
$150,000 $142,163
$100,000
$50,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 353 of 381
Table 133: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 56 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 1,316.21 $ 1,869.07 $ 3,516.39 $ 3,642.94 $ 1,301.13 $ 9 21.64
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ 2,931.00 $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ 11,726.00 $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 11,880.00 $ 11,880.00 $ 11,880.00 $ 1 1,880.00 $ 11,880.00 $ 11,880.00
Total Revenues $ 13,196.21 $ 13,749.07 $ 30,053.39 $ 15,522.94 $ 13,181.13 $ 12,801.64
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Felton Grove $ 22,907.08 $ (3,462.66) $ 1 21.12 $ 3,993.35 $ 2,866.42 $ 2 41.85
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ 2,243.31 $ 2,253.42 $ 2,145.00 $ 2,102.00 $ 2,072.00 $ 2,072.00
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 9 4.55 $ 1,731.57 $ 7 40.36 $ 6 7.76
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 3 05.15 $ 1,072.91 $ 7 25.48 $ 3 00.79
Total Expenditures $ 25,289.14 $ ( 1,209.24) $ 2 ,915.82 $ 9,024.83 $ 6 ,529.26 $ 2 ,807.40
Surplus/(Deficit) $ (12,092.93) $ 14,958.31 $ 27,137.57 $ 6,498.11 $ 6 ,651.87 $ 9 ,994.24
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 1 42,162.53 $ 1 57,120.84 $ 1 84,258.41 $ 1 90,756.52 $ 1 97,408.39
End of Year $ 142,162.53 $ 1 57,120.84 $ 184,258.41 $ 1 90,756.52 $ 197,408.39 $ 207,402.63
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 56’s first sphere of influence on February 4, 1998. The
current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 172 on
page 355 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 56 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure
173 on page 356 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 354 of 381
Figure 172: CSA 56’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 355 of 381
Figure 173: CSA 56’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 356 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 56
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 0.57 road miles
District Area 0.017 square miles (appx. 11 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $12,802
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $2,807
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $207,403
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 357 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 56 in 2020 was estimated to be 165. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 171 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 56 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 56 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in five of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $207,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 358 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Suburban Residential.
The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 56 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 56 has 56 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 0.57 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 56 has a population of approximately 165. The constituents fund the CSA a flat
rate benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual
basis. Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 359 of 381
CSA 58 (RIDGE DRIVE)
Overview
County Service Area 58 was formed on December 5, 2001 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 0.30 road miles. Appendix 33 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 25 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 61 acres).
Figure 174, on page 361, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 58’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain and Rural Residential. Table
134 shows the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows,
CSA 58 has four funding zones (Zones 1-4). Figure 175 on page 362 shows the location
of the zones. The County currently has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road
CSAs, including CSA 58.
Table 134: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
CSA 58 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Zone 1 $77.24 $77.24 $80.24 $80.24 $80.24
Change (%) 0% 4% 0% 0%
Zone 2 $308.98 $308.98 $321.02 $321.02 $321.02
Change (%) 0% 4% 0% 0%
Zone 3 $540.74 $540.74 $4,821.02 $561.80 $561.80
Change (%) 0% 792% -88% 0%
Zone 4 $772.50 $772.50 $5,061.80 $802.58 $802.58
Change (%) 0% 555% -84% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 58 was 2020 is estimated to be 356. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 135 shows the anticipated population within CSA 58. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 58. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 58 will be approximately 368 by 2040.
Table 135: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 58 356 359 362 365 368
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 360 of 381
Figure 174: CSA 58’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 361 of 381
Figure 175: CSA 58’s Funding Zones Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 362 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 58’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 137 on page
365.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $8,200,
representing a 67% decrease from the previous year ($25,000 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $22,000, which increased by 1,130% from
the previous year ($2,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended with a deficit in three
of the last six fiscal years, as shown in Figure 176. LAFCO staff believes that the overall
negative trend may continue unless the CSA’s improves its ability to collect the necessary
funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 176: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$30,000
$24,876
$25,000
$22,031
$21,026
$20,000
$15,000
$11,537
$10,000
$8,715
$8,222 $8,192
$7,779
$5,000
$1,791
$- $-
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
$(2,224)
$(5,000)
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 363 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $51,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 136 and Figure 177, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $41,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue if the County collects the necessary funds to
offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 136: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $43,232.56 $53,677.72 $41,366.55 $41,366.55 $64,451.14
Balance
Ending
$43,233 $53,678 $41,367 $41,367 $64,451 $50,612
Balance
Change ($) - $10,445 $(12,311) $- $23,085 $(13,840)
Figure 177: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$70,000
$64,451
$60,000
$53,678
$50,612
$50,000
$43,233
$41,367 $41,367
$40,000
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 364 of 381
Table 137: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 58 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 4 28.01 $ 650.38 $ 1,144.39 $ 4 10.04 $ 3 25.99
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ - $ - $ 16,600.00 $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 7,350.66 $ 7,571.18 $ 7,570.83 $ 7,865.93 $ 7,865.93
Total Revenues $ 7,778.67 $ 8,221.56 $ 8 ,715.22 $ - $ 24,875.97 $ 8 ,191.92
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - Ridge Drive $ 11,397.83 $ (2,223.60) $ 15,088.94 $ 2 5.41 $ 4 97.25
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 16,775.84
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 2 32.55 $ 1 40.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 3,437.34 $ 1,334.37 $ 2,542.54
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 2,250.11 $ 1 99.05 $ 2,075.82
Total Expenditures $ 11,536.58 $ ( 2,223.60) $ 21,026.39 $ - $ 1 ,791.38 $ 22,031.45
Surplus/(Deficit) $ (3,757.91) $ 10,445.16 $ ( 12,311.17) $ - $ 23,084.59 $ ( 13,839.53)
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 4 3,232.56 $ 53,677.72 $ 4 1,366.55 $ 41,366.55 $ 64,451.14
End of Year $ 43,232.56 $ 53,677.72 $ 41,366.55 $ 41,366.55 $ 64,451.14 $ 50,611.61
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 58’s first sphere of influence on December 5, 2001.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 178 on
page 366 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 25 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure
179 on page 367 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 365 of 381
Figure 178: CSA 58’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 366 of 381
Figure 179: CSA 58’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 367 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 58
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 0.30 road miles
District Area 0.10 square miles (appx. 61 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $8,192
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $22,031
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $50,612
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 368 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 58 in 2020 was estimated to be 356. Based on LAFCO’s
analysis, the population within the CSA will be approximately 368 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 58 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 58 is financially distressed. The CSA ended with a deficit in three of the last six
fiscal years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended
with approximately $51,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 369 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain and Rural
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 58 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 58 has 25 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 0.30 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 58 has a population of approximately 356. The constituents fund the through four
zones. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis. Any increase
in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 370 of 381
CSA 59 (MCGAFFIGAN MILL ROAD)
Overview
County Service Area 59 was formed on September 4, 2002 with the purpose of providing
extended maintenance to 0.42 road miles. Appendix 34 provides a copy of the formation
resolution. There is a total of 70 parcels within the CSA (totaling approximately 53 acres).
Figure 180, on page 372, is a vicinity map depicting CSA 59’s current jurisdictional
boundary. No boundary changes have occurred since its inception. At present, the
majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain and Rural Residential. Table
138 shows the benefit assessment rate from the last five fiscal years. As the table shows,
CSA 59 does not have any zones and all constituents pay the same rate. The County
currently has 2 employees assigned to manage all 34 road CSAs, including CSA 59.
Table 138: Benefit Assessment Rates (2017 to 2021)
FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
CSA 59 $200.00 $300.00 $1,300.00 $1,300.00 $1,300.00
Change (%) 50% 333% 0% 0%
Population and Growth
Based on staff’s analysis, the population of CSA 59 was 2020 is estimated to be 7. The
Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Association of Monterey Bay Area
Governments (AMBAG) provide population projections for cities and counties in the
Coastal Region. Official growth projections are not available for special districts. In
general, the Coastal Region is anticipated to have a slow growth over the next twenty
years. Table 139 shows the anticipated population within CSA 59. The average rate of
change is 0.86%.
Population Projection
Based on the projections for Santa Cruz County, LAFCO was able to develop a population
forecast for CSA 59. LAFCO staff increased the CSA’s 2020 population amount by 0.86%
each year. Under this assumption, our projections indicate that the entire population of
CSA 59 will be approximately 7 by 2040.
Table 139: Projected Population
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Santa Cruz County
136,891 137,896 139,105 140,356 141,645
(unincorporated area)
CSA 59 7 7 7 7 7
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 371 of 381
Figure 180: CSA 59’s Vicinity Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 372 of 381
Finances
This section will highlight the CSA’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal
years. Fiscal Year 2021-22 is the latest audited financial statement available. LAFCO
evaluated CSA 59’s financial health from 2016 to 2022. A comprehensive analysis of the
CSA’s financial performance during the past six years is shown in Table 141 on page
375.
At the end of Fiscal Year 2021-22, total revenue collected was approximately $16,795,
representing a 0.05% decrease from the previous year ($16,800 in FY 20-21). Total
expenses for FY 2021-22 were approximately $14,000, which decreased by 13% from
the previous year ($16,000 in FY 20-21). Since 2016, the CSA ended each fiscal year
with a surplus, with the exception of FY 2016-17 and FY 2018-19, as shown in Figure
181. LAFCO staff believes that the overall positive trend may continue based upon the
CSA’s ability to collect the necessary funds to outset anticipated expenses.
Figure 181: Statement of Revenues & Expenditures
(FY 2016-17 to FY 2021-22)
$60,000
$52,946
$50,000
$43,479
$40,000
$30,000
$27,043
$20,000
$16,860 $16,803 $16,795
$16,270
$14,112
$9,240
$10,000
$4,617 $4,290
$2,760
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 373 of 381
Fund Balance / Net Position
As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with approximately $17,000.
The following table highlights the net position balance from 2016 to 2022. As shown in
Table 140 and Figure 182, the CSA’s fund balance has fluctuated over the years but has
maintained an annual balance above $5,000. Based on this historical trend, LAFCO staff
believes the positive balance may continue if the County collects the necessary funds to
offset anticipated expenses. A healthy fund balance amount will be critical in the event
that the CSA faces any unintended expenses, major capital improvements projects, or
emergency repairs.
Table 140: Net Position (2016 to 2022)
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
(Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited) (Audited)
Beginning
- $18,957.23 $28,424.46 $5,672.15 $13,291.75 $13,824.88
Balance
Ending
$18,957 $28,424 $5,672 $13,292 $13,825 $16,508
Balance
Change ($) - $9,467 $(22,752) $7,620 $533 $2,683
Figure 182: Net Position from 2016 to 2022
(Ending Balance)
$30,000
$28,424
$25,000
$20,000 $18,957
$16,508
$15,000 $13,825
$13,292
$10,000
$5,672
$5,000
$-
FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 374 of 381
Table 141: Total Revenues & Expenditures
CSA 59 FY 2016-17 FY 2017-18 FY 2018-19 FY 2019-20 FY 2020-21 FY 2021-22
REVENUES
Property Taxes $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Interest $ 1 86.40 $ 372.07 $ 4 29.23 $ 128.64 $ 7 2.41 $ 63.99
St-Natural Disaster Assistance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
St-Homeowners' Prop Tax Relief $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
FED-FEMA $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Revenue $ - $ 50,000.00 $ - $ - $ - $ -
Other Road & Street Services $ 2,574.00 $ 2,574.00 $ 3,861.00 $ 1 6,731.00 $ 16,731.00 $ 16,731.00
Total Revenues $ 2 ,760.40 $ 52,946.07 $ 4 ,290.23 $ 16,859.64 $ 16,803.41 $ 16,794.99
EXPENDITURES
DPW Services - McGaffigan Road $ 4,477.92 $ 4 3,478.84 $ 22,041.72 $ 114.36 $ 15,051.31 $ 1,778.10
FEMA Labor $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Insurance $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Principal on Long Debt $ - $ - $ - $ 6,579.42 $ - $ 9,959.69
Interest on Long Term Debt $ - $ - $ - $ 2,153.25 $ - $ 1,683.87
Acct & Audit Fees $ 1 38.75 $ - $ 2 50.00 $ 125.00 $ 1 25.00 $ 1 25.00
Division Overhead - Admin $ - $ - $ 1,855.37 $ 207.66 $ 9 15.13 $ 3 36.80
Dept Overhead Costs $ - $ - $ 2,895.45 $ 6 0.35 $ 1 78.84 $ 2 28.37
Total Expenditures $ 4 ,616.67 $ 43,478.84 $ 27,042.54 $ 9,240.04 $ 16,270.28 $ 14,111.83
Surplus/(Deficit) $ (1,856.27) $ 9,467.23 $ ( 22,752.31) $ 7,619.60 $ 533.13 $ 2 ,683.16
FUND BALANCE
Beginning of Year $ - $ 18,957.23 $ 28,424.46 $ 5,672.15 $ 13,291.75 $ 13,824.88
End of Year $ 18,957.23 $ 28,424.46 $ 5 ,672.15 $ 13,291.75 $ 13,824.88 $ 16,508.04
Sphere of Influence
Current Sphere Boundary
Santa Cruz LAFCO adopted CSA 59’s first sphere of influence on September 4, 2002.
The current sphere is coterminous with the CSA’s jurisdictional boundary. The last sphere
update occurred in August 2017 following the last service review cycle. Figure 183 on
page 376 shows the current sphere of influence boundary.
Proposed Sphere Boundary
Based on staff’s analysis, the CSA is providing services 70 parcels and the County has
not expressed any interest to expand the CSA’s jurisdictional or sphere boundaries.
Therefore, LAFCO staff is recommending that the sphere boundary reaffirmed. Figure
184 on page 377 shows the proposed sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 375 of 381
Figure 183: CSA 59’s Current Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 376 of 381
Figure 184: CSA 59’s Proposed Sphere Map
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 377 of 381
District Summary
County Service Area 59
Formation County Service Area Law (Government Code §25210.1 et seq.)
County Board of Supervisors; five members; elected at-large
Board of Directors
to four-year terms
Contact Person Matt Machado, County Public Works Director
Employees 2 Full-Time Employees (County Public Works Department)
Road Miles 0.42 road miles
District Area 0.08 square miles (appx. 53 acres)
Current Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere boundary
the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Sphere of Influence
Proposed Sphere: Coterminous with District (i.e., sphere
boundary the same as the existing jurisdictional boundary)
Total Revenue = $16,795
FY 2021-22 Audit Total Expenditure = $14,112
Net Position (Ending Balance) = $16,508
Mailing Address: 701 Ocean Street, Room 410,
Santa Cruz CA 95060
Phone Number: (831) 454-2160
Contact Information
Email Address: dpwcsa@santacruzcounty.us
Website: https://www.dpw.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/Home/CSAs.aspx
The Board regularly meets on most Tuesdays in the Board of
Public Meetings Supervisors' Chambers, 701 Ocean St, Rm. 525. Meetings
generally begin at 9:00 am.
Mission Statement N/A
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 378 of 381
Service and Sphere Review Determinations
The following service and sphere review determinations fulfill the requirements outlined
in the Cortese-Knox-Hertzberg Act.
Service Provision Determinations
Government Code Section 56430 requires LAFCO to conduct a municipal service review
before, or in conjunction with, an action to establish or update a sphere boundary. Written
statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the following:
1. Growth and population projections for the affected area.
The population of CSA 59 in 2020 was estimated to be 7. Based on LAFCO’s analysis,
the population within the CSA will be approximately 7 by 2040.
2. The location and characteristics of any disadvantaged unincorporated
communities within or contiguous to the sphere of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
3. Present and planned capacity of public facilities, adequacy of public services,
and infrastructure needs or deficiencies including needs or deficiencies related
to sewers, municipal and industrial water, and structural fire protection in any
disadvantaged, unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the sphere
of influence.
CSA 59 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
4. Financial ability of agencies to provide services.
CSA 59 is financially stable. The CSA ended with a surplus in four of the last six fiscal
years (2016 to 2022). As of June 30, 2022, the total net position balance ended with
approximately $17,000.
5. Status of, and opportunities for, shared facilities.
LAFCO encourages the County to explore additional methods to collaborate with
neighboring local community groups, such as road associations and/or homeowners’
associations to build a stronger working relationship with the CSA’s residents.
6. Accountability for community service needs, including governmental structure
and operational efficiencies.
Senate Bill 929 was signed into law in September 2018 and requires all independent
special districts to have and maintain a website by January 1, 2020. SB 929 identifies
a number of components that must be found within an agency’s website. At present,
the CSA does not meet the statutory requirements under SB 929.
7. Any other matter related to effective or efficient service delivery, as required by
commission policy.
LAFCO recommends that the CSA improve its overall transparency as soon as
possible.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 379 of 381
Sphere of Influence Determinations
Government Code Section 56425 requires LAFCO to periodically review and update
spheres of influence in concert with conducting municipal service reviews. Spheres are
used as regional planning tools to discourage urban sprawl and encourage orderly
growth. Written statements of determination must be prepared with respect to each of the
following:
1. The present and planned land uses in the area, including agricultural and open-
space lands.
At present, the majority of land within the CSA is designated as Mountain and Rural
Residential. The CSA’s customer base is predominantly single-family residential.
2. The present and probable need for public facilities and services in the area.
CSA 59 does not have a standalone capital improvement plan (“CIP”) in place. LAFCO
encourages the County to consider developing a CIP for the CSA and have it available
on the County’s website.
3. The present capacity of public facilities and adequacy of public services that
the agency provides or is authorized to provide.
CSA 59 has 70 parcels within its jurisdictional boundary and provides extended
services to approximately 0.42 miles of road for the residents.
4. The existence of any social or economic communities of interest in the area if
the commission determines that they are relevant to the agency.
CSA 59 has a population of approximately 7. The constituents fund the CSA a flat rate
benefit assessment. The funding rates are reviewed by the County on an annual basis.
Any increase in those rates require resident approval.
5. For an update of a sphere of influence of a city or special district that provides
public facilities or services related to sewers, municipal and industrial water, or
structural fire protection, that occurs pursuant to subdivision (g) on or after July
1, 2012, the present and probable need for those public facilities and services
of any disadvantaged unincorporated communities within the existing sphere
of influence.
In 2020, the California statewide median household income was $78,672, and 80% of
that was $62,938. Based on LAFCO’s analysis, there are no disadvantaged
unincorporated communities within or contiguous to the CSA’s sphere boundary.
Countywide Road CSA Service & Sphere Review Page 380 of 381
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: CSA 13 (Hutchinson Road/Oak Flat) Formation Resolution
Appendix 2: CSA 15 (Huckleberry Woods) Formation Resolution
Appendix 3: CSA 16 (Robak Drive) Formation Resolution
Appendix 4: CSA 17 (Empire Acres) Formation Resolution
Appendix 5: CSA 18 (Whitehouse Canyon) Formation Resolution
Appendix 6: CSA 21 (Westdale Drive) Formation Resolution
Appendix 7: CSA 22 (Kelly Hill Road) Formation Resolution
Appendix 8: CSA 23 (Old Ranch Road) Formation Resolution
Appendix 9: CSA 24 (Pineridge Road) Formation Resolution
Appendix 10: CSA 25 (Viewpoint Road) Formation Resolution
Appendix 11: CSA 26 (Hidden Valley) Formation Resolution
Appendix 12: CSA 28 (Lomond Terrace) Formation Resolution
Appendix 13: CSA 30 (Glenwood Acres) Formation Resolution
Appendix 14: CSA 32 (View Circle) Formation Resolution
Appendix 15: CSA 33 (Redwood Drive) Formation Resolution
Appendix 16: CSA 34 (Larsen Road) Formation Resolution
Appendix 17: CSA 35 (Country Estates) Formation Resolution
Appendix 18: CSA 36 (Forest Glen) Formation Resolution
Appendix 19: CSA 37 (Roberts Road) Formation Resolution
Appendix 20: CSA 39 (Reed Street) Formation Resolution
Appendix 21: CSA 40 (Ralston Way) Formation Resolution
Appendix 22: CSA 41 (Loma Prieta Drive) Formation Resolution
Appendix 23: CSA 42 (Sunlit Lane) Formation Resolution
Appendix 24: CSA 43 (Bonito-Encino) Formation Resolution
Appendix 25: CSA 44 (Sunbeam Woods) Formation Resolution
Appendix 26: CSA 46 (Pinecrest Drive) Formation Resolution
Appendix 27: CSA 47 (Braemoor Drive) Formation Resolution
Appendix 28: CSA 50 (The Vineyard) Formation Resolution
Appendix 29: CSA 51 (Hopkins Gulch) Formation Resolution
Appendix 30: CSA 52 (Upper Pleasant Valley) Formation Resolution
Appendix 31: CSA 55 (Riverdale Park) Formation Resolution
Appendix 32: CSA 56 (Felton Grove) Formation Resolution
Appendix 33: CSA 58 (Ridge Drive) Formation Resolution
Appendix 34: CSA 59 (McGaffigan Mill Road) Formation Resolution
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