Ripa Board Annual Report 2026, Appendix

Annual Report 2026 Appendix A Stop Data Section Tables Racial and Identity Profiling Advisory Board Table A1: RIPA 2024 Stop Perception Demographics Identity Subgroup Stop Count % Stops Group yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 297,395 5.87% Black 612,443 12.09% Hispanic/Latine(x) 2,193,617 43.31% Middle Eastern/South Asian 275,106 5.43% Multiracial 62,479 1.23% Native American 13,286 0.26% Pacific Islander 26,748 0.53% White 1,584,354 31.28% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 1,410,613 27.85% Cisgender Man/Boy 3,594,195 70.96% Nonbinary Person 40,419 0.80% Transgender Man/Boy 12,938 0.26% Transgender Woman/Girl 7,263 0.14% puorG egA 1-9 Years 4,377 0.09% 10-14 Years 13,659 0.27% 15-17 Years 72,041 1.42% 18-24 Years 767,349 15.15% 25-34 Years 1,553,919 30.68% 35-44 Years 1,247,911 24.64% 45-54 Years 785,631 15.51% 55-64 Years 417,913 8.25% 65+ Years 202,628 4.00% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 53,359 1.05% Straight/Heterosexual 5,012,069 98.95% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 4,723,857 93.26% Limited/No English Fluency 341,571 6.74% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 52,651 1.04% No Disability 5,012,777 98.96% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 4,884,021 96.42% Unhoused 181,407 3.58% Overall 5,065,428 100.00% Table A2: Stop Count by Type of Perceived Disability Identity % with a Subgroup Stop Count % of Stops Group Disability epyTytilibasiD Blind/Limited Vision 820 0.02% 1.56% Deafness/Difficulty Hearing 3,067 0.06% 5.83% Intellectual/Developmental 1,892 0.04% 3.59% Disability Hyperactivity 34 < 0.01% 0.06% Mental Health Condition 30,770 0.61% 58.44% Speech Impairment/Limited 4,198 0.08% 7.97% Use of Language Other 8,869 0.18% 16.84% Multiple Disabilities 3,001 0.06% 5.70% None 5,012,777 98.96% -- Overall 5,065,428 100.00% 1.04% Table A3: Calls for Service vs. Officer-Initiated Stops by Perceived Identity Group Officer Calls for % Calls Identity Initiated % Officer Service Subgroup for Total Stops Group Stop Initiated Stop Service Count Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 283,788 95.42% 13,607 4.58% 297,395 (100.00%) Black 531,638 86.81% 80,805 13.19% 612,443 (100.00%) Hispanic/Latine(x) 2,006,181 91.46% 187,436 8.54% 2,193,617 (100.00%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 265,621 96.55% 9,485 3.45% 275,106 (100.00%) Multiracial 56,702 90.75% 5,777 9.25% 62,479 (100.00%) Native American 11,348 85.41% 1,938 14.59% 13,286 (100.00%) Pacific Islander 24,456 91.43% 2,292 8.57% 26,748 (100.00%) White 1,436,369 90.66% 147,985 9.34% 1,584,354 (100.00%) redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 1,295,922 91.87% 114,691 8.13% 1,410,613 (100.00%) Cisgender Man/Boy 3,268,085 90.93% 326,110 9.07% 3,594,195 (100.00%) Nonbinary Person 35,987 89.03% 4,432 10.97% 40,419 (100.00%) Transgender Man/Boy 10,420 80.54% 2,518 19.46% 12,938 (100.00%) Transgender Woman/Girl 5,689 78.33% 1,574 21.67% 7,263 (100.00%) puorG egA 1-9 Years 3,850 87.96% 527 12.04% 4,377 (100.00%) 10-14 Years 7,423 54.35% 6,236 45.65% 13,659 (100.00%) 15-17 Years 55,264 76.71% 16,777 23.29% 72,041 (100.00%) 18-24 Years 718,373 93.62% 48,976 6.38% 767,349 (100.00%) 25-34 Years 1,414,214 91.01% 139,705 8.99% 1,553,919 (100.00%) 35-44 Years 1,122,837 89.98% 125,074 10.02% 1,247,911 (100.00%) 45-54 Years 718,094 91.40% 67,537 8.60% 785,631 (100.00%) 55-64 Years 386,698 92.53% 31,215 7.47% 417,913 (100.00%) 65+ Years 189,350 93.45% 13,278 6.55% 202,628 (100.00%) lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 42,295 79.26% 11,064 20.74% 53,359 (100.00%) Straight/Heterosexual 4,573,808 91.26% 438,261 8.74% 5,012,069 (100.00%) hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 4,307,819 91.19% 416,038 8.81% 4,723,857 (100.00%) Limited/No English Fluency 308,284 90.25% 33,287 9.75% 341,571 (100.00%) ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 22,534 42.80% 30,117 57.20% 52,651 (100.00%) No Disability 4,593,569 91.64% 419,208 8.36% 5,012,777 (100.00%) gnisuoH sutatS Housed 4,509,934 92.34% 374,087 7.66% 4,884,021 (100.00%) Unhoused 106,169 58.53% 75,238 41.47% 181,407 (100.00%) Overall 4,616,103 91.13% 449,325 8.87% 5,065,428 (100.00%) Table A4: Calls for Service vs. Officer-Initiated Stops (Excluding Traffic Stops) by Perceived Identity Group Officer Calls for % Calls Total Stops Identity % Officer Subgroup Initiated Service for (Excluding Traffic Group Initiated Count Count Service Stops) yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 9,382 45.12% 11,410 54.88% 20,792 (100.00%) Black 75,054 50.34% 74,030 49.66% 149,084 (100.00%) Hispanic/Latine(x) 177,674 53.71% 153,142 46.29% 330,816 (100.00%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 6,580 46.20% 7,661 53.80% 14,241 (100.00%) Multiracial 5,350 50.95% 5,150 49.05% 10,500 (100.00%) Native American 1,680 48.50% 1,784 51.50% 3,464 (100.00%) Pacific Islander 1,910 48.55% 2,024 51.45% 3,934 (100.00%) White 137,928 51.32% 130,834 48.68% 268,762 (100.00%) redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 82,968 45.94% 97,616 54.06% 180,584 (100.00%) Cisgender Man/Boy 325,571 53.71% 280,600 46.29% 606,171 (100.00%) Nonbinary Person 3,696 47.99% 4,005 52.01% 7,701 (100.00%) Transgender Man/Boy 2,073 47.12% 2,326 52.88% 4,399 (100.00%) Transgender Woman/Girl 1,250 45.65% 1,488 54.35% 2,738 (100.00%) puorG egA 1-9 Years 489 50.62% 477 49.38% 966 (100.00%) 10-14 Years 2,920 32.55% 6,050 67.45% 8,970 (100.00%) 15-17 Years 12,026 43.18% 15,824 56.82% 27,850 (100.00%) 18-24 Years 47,383 55.23% 38,405 44.77% 85,788 (100.00%) 25-34 Years 126,975 51.58% 119,184 48.42% 246,159 (100.00%) 35-44 Years 117,863 51.71% 110,078 48.29% 227,941 (100.00%) 45-54 Years 67,214 53.46% 58,505 46.54% 125,719 (100.00%) 55-64 Years 31,119 53.78% 26,744 46.22% 57,863 (100.00%) 65+ Years 9,569 47.05% 10,768 52.95% 20,337 (100.00%) lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 7,242 42.17% 9,933 57.83% 17,175 (100.00%) Straight/Heterosexual 408,316 52.05% 376,102 47.95% 784,418 (100.00%) hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 390,336 52.09% 359,004 47.91% 749,340 (100.00%) Limited/No English Fluency 25,222 48.27% 27,031 51.73% 52,253 (100.00%) ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 9,466 24.41% 29,317 75.59% 38,783 (100.00%) No Disability 406,092 53.24% 356,718 46.76% 762,810 (100.00%) gnisuoH sutatS Housed 331,297 51.44% 312,775 48.56% 644,072 (100.00%) Unhoused 84,261 53.49% 73,260 46.51% 157,521 (100.00%) Overall 415,558 51.84% 386,035 48.16% 801,593 (100.00%) Table A5: Top 3 Reasons for Stop by Perceived Identity Group Other1 Reasonable % Traffic Identity % Other % Traffic Subgroup Reason Suspicion Reasonable Violation Total Stops Group Reason Violation Count Count Suspicion Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 6,609 2.22% 14,183 4.77% 276,603 93.01% 297,395 (100.00%) Black 38,709 6.32% 110,375 18.02% 463,359 75.66% 612,443 (100.00%) Hispanic/Latine(x) 98,605 4.50% 232,211 10.59% 1,862,801 84.92% 2,193,617 (100.00%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 3,880 1.41% 10,361 3.77% 260,865 94.82% 275,106 (100.00%) Multiracial 3,244 5.19% 7,256 11.61% 51,979 83.19% 62,479 (100.00%) Native American 1,305 9.82% 2,159 16.25% 9,822 73.93% 13,286 (100.00%) Pacific Islander 1,299 4.86% 2,635 9.85% 22,814 85.29% 26,748 (100.00%) White 83,939 5.30% 184,823 11.67% 1,315,592 83.04% 1,584,354 (100.00%) redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 56,060 3.97% 124,524 8.83% 1,230,029 87.20% 1,410,613 (100.00%) Cisgender Man/Boy 176,301 4.91% 429,870 11.96% 2,988,024 83.13% 3,594,195 (100.00%) Nonbinary Person 2,863 7.08% 4,838 11.97% 32,718 80.95% 40,419 (100.00%) Transgender Man/Boy 1,453 11.23% 2,946 22.77% 8,539 66.00% 12,938 (100.00%) Transgender Woman/Girl 913 12.57% 1,825 25.13% 4,525 62.30% 7,263 (100.00%) 1 ‘Other’ reasons includes reasons such as known to be on parole/probation/post-release community supervision/mandatory supervision, knowledge of outstanding arrest warrant/wanted person, investigation to determine if person is truant, consensual encounter and search, possible conduct warranting discipline under Education Code, determine if student violated school policy, probable cause to arrest or search, probable cause to take into custody under Welfare and Institution Code section 5150. puorG egA 1-9 Years 454 10.37% 512 11.70% 3,411 77.93% 4,377 (100.00%) 10-14 Years 3,860 28.26% 5,110 37.41% 4,689 34.33% 13,659 (100.00%) 15-17 Years 9,193 12.76% 18,657 25.90% 44,191 61.34% 72,041 (100.00%) 18-24 Years 21,796 2.84% 63,992 8.34% 681,561 88.82% 767,349 (100.00%) 25-34 Years 71,393 4.59% 174,766 11.25% 1,307,760 84.16% 1,553,919 (100.00%) 35-44 Years 69,716 5.59% 158,225 12.68% 1,019,970 81.73% 1,247,911 (100.00%) 45-54 Years 37,649 4.79% 88,070 11.21% 659,912 84.00% 785,631 (100.00%) 55-64 Years 16,899 4.04% 40,964 9.80% 360,050 86.15% 417,913 (100.00%) 65+ Years 6,630 3.27% 13,707 6.76% 182,291 89.96% 202,628 (100.00%) lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 5,582 10.46% 11,593 21.73% 36,184 67.81% 53,359 (100.00%) Straight/Heterosexual 232,008 4.63% 552,410 11.02% 4,227,651 84.35% 5,012,069 (100.00%) hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 223,679 4.74% 525,661 11.13% 3,974,517 84.14% 4,723,857 (100.00%) Limited/No English Fluency 13,911 4.07% 38,342 11.23% 289,318 84.70% 341,571 (100.00%) ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 19,588 37.20% 19,195 36.46% 13,868 26.34% 52,651 (100.00%) No Disability 218,002 4.35% 544,808 10.87% 4,249,967 84.78% 5,012,777 (100.00%) gnisuoH sutatS Other1 Reasonable % Traffic Identity % Other % Traffic Subgroup Reason Suspicion Reasonable Violation Total Stops Group Reason Violation Count Count Suspicion Count Housed 197,619 4.05% 446,453 9.14% 4,239,949 86.81% 4,884,021 (100.00%) Unhoused 39,971 22.03% 117,550 64.80% 23,886 13.17% 181,407 (100.00%) Overall 237,590 4.69% 564,003 11.13% 4,263,835 84.18% 5,065,428 (100.00%) Table A6: Traffic Violation Type by Perceived Identity Group Non- Identity Equipment % Moving % Non- Total Traffic Violation Subgroup % Moving moving Group Count Equipment Count moving Stops Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 34,690 12.54% 206,278 74.58% 35,634 12.88% 276,602 (100.00%) Black 108,692 23.46% 272,433 58.80% 82,234 17.75% 463,359 (100.00%) Hispanic/Latine(x) 445,149 23.90% 1,133,910 60.87% 283,739 15.23% 1,862,798 (100.00%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 36,561 14.02% 190,930 73.19% 33,375 12.79% 260,866 (100.00%) Multiracial 10,574 20.34% 34,365 66.11% 7,040 13.54% 51,979 (100.00%) Native American 2,501 25.46% 5,664 57.67% 1,657 16.87% 9,822 (100.00%) Pacific Islander 4,444 19.48% 14,478 63.46% 3,892 17.06% 22,814 (100.00%) White 235,203 17.88% 867,808 65.96% 212,578 16.16% 1,315,589 (100.00%) redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 205,542 16.71% 830,391 67.51% 194,094 15.78% 1,230,027 (100.00%) Cisgender Man/Boy 661,141 22.13% 1,866,024 62.45% 460,854 15.42% 2,988,019 (100.00%) Nonbinary Person 7,260 22.19% 22,234 67.96% 3,224 9.85% 32,718 (100.00%) Transgender Man/Boy 2,651 31.04% 4,625 54.16% 1,264 14.80% 8,540 (100.00%) Transgender Woman/Girl 1,220 26.96% 2,592 57.28% 713 15.76% 4,525 (100.00%) puorG egA 1-9 Years 1,059 31.06% 2,012 59.00% 339 9.94% 3,410 (100.00%) 10-14 Years 1,333 28.43% 2,796 59.63% 560 11.94% 4,689 (100.00%) 15-17 Years 9,112 20.62% 30,886 69.89% 4,193 9.49% 44,191 (100.00%) 18-24 Years 144,482 21.20% 455,944 66.90% 81,137 11.90% 681,563 (100.00%) 25-34 Years 289,287 22.12% 809,974 61.94% 208,496 15.94% 1,307,757 (100.00%) 35-44 Years 215,153 21.09% 629,682 61.74% 175,135 17.17% 1,019,970 (100.00%) 45-54 Years 132,154 20.03% 419,153 63.52% 108,602 16.46% 659,909 (100.00%) 55-64 Years 62,059 17.24% 240,607 66.83% 57,384 15.94% 360,050 (100.00%) 65+ Years 23,175 12.71% 134,812 73.95% 24,303 13.33% 182,290 (100.00%) lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 9,314 25.74% 22,384 61.86% 4,486 12.40% 36,184 (100.00%) Straight/Heterosexual 868,500 20.54% 2,703,482 63.95% 655,663 15.51% 4,227,645 (100.00%) hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 811,786 20.42% 2,546,513 64.07% 616,212 15.50% 3,974,511 (100.00%) Limited/No English Fluency 66,028 22.82% 179,353 61.99% 43,937 15.19% 289,318 (100.00%) ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 2,876 20.74% 9,158 66.03% 1,835 13.23% 13,869 (100.00%) No Disability 874,938 20.59% 2,716,708 63.92% 658,314 15.49% 4,249,960 (100.00%) gnisuoH sutatS Housed 869,848 20.52% 2,717,608 64.10% 652,486 15.39% 4,239,942 (100.00%) Unhoused 7,966 33.35% 8,258 34.57% 7,663 32.08% 23,887 (100.00%) Overall 877,814 20.59% 2,725,866 63.93% 660,149 15.48% 4,263,829 (100.00%) Table A7: Top 3 Reasons for Stop by Perceived Age Group under 18 Other Reasonable % Traffic Identity % Other % Traffic Subgroup Reason Suspicion Reasonable Violation Total Stops Group Reason Violation Count Count Suspicion Count egA 81 rednU puorG Non- Identity Equipment % Moving % Non- Total Traffic Violation Subgroup % Moving moving Group Count Equipment Count moving Stops Count 1-9 Years 454 10.37% 512 11.70% 3,411 77.93% 4,377 (100.00%) 10-14 Years 3,860 28.26% 5,110 37.41% 4,689 34.33% 13,659 (100.00%) 15-17 Years 9,193 12.76% 18,657 25.90% 44,191 61.34% 72,041 (100.00%) Under 18 Years 13,507 14.99% 24,279 26.95% 52,291 58.05% 90,077 (100.00%) Table A8: Reason for Stop: Reasonable Suspicion Reasons by Perceived Identity Group Matched Matched % Matched Officer % Matched Suspect % Officer Identity Suspect Suspect Witnessed Subgroup Suspect Vehicle Witnessed Group Description Vehicle Crime Description Description Crime Count Description Count Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 4,857 34.25% 508 3.58% 4,665 32.89% Black 38,826 35.18% 3,437 3.11% 41,537 37.63% Hispanic/Latine(x) 77,531 33.39% 8,524 3.67% 82,186 35.39% Middle Eastern/South Asian 3,507 33.85% 477 4.60% 3,307 31.92% Multiracial 2,667 36.76% 329 4.53% 2,881 39.71% Native American 783 36.27% 93 4.31% 795 36.82% Pacific Islander 894 33.93% 128 4.86% 886 33.62% White 62,984 34.08% 6,014 3.25% 72,439 39.19% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 41,521 33.34% 4,921 3.95% 43,408 34.86% Cisgender Man/Boy 146,719 34.13% 14,267 3.32% 161,906 37.66% Nonbinary Person 2,033 42.02% 172 3.56% 1,704 35.22% Transgender Man/Boy 1,107 37.58% 96 3.26% 991 33.64% Transgender Woman/Girl 669 36.66% 54 2.96% 687 37.64% puorG egA 1-9 Years 153 29.88% 29 5.66% 147 28.71% 10-14 Years 2,247 43.97% 124 2.43% 957 18.73% 15-17 Years 7,230 38.75% 675 3.62% 4,700 25.19% 18-24 Years 18,720 29.25% 2,951 4.61% 23,822 37.23% 25-34 Years 60,428 34.58% 6,166 3.53% 63,454 36.31% 35-44 Years 56,355 35.62% 5,158 3.26% 58,367 36.89% 45-54 Years 29,504 33.50% 2,748 3.12% 34,620 39.31% 55-64 Years 12,937 31.58% 1,165 2.84% 17,374 42.41% 65+ Years 4,475 32.65% 494 3.60% 5,255 38.34% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 4,584 39.54% 369 3.18% 3,989 34.41% Straight/Heterosexual 187,465 33.94% 19,141 3.46% 204,707 37.06% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 180,569 34.35% 17,840 3.39% 196,627 37.41% Limited/No English Fluency 11,480 29.94% 1,670 4.36% 12,069 31.48% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 9,840 51.26% 401 2.09% 4,919 25.63% No Disability 182,209 33.44% 19,109 3.51% 203,777 37.40% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 153,606 34.41% 18,111 4.06% 151,690 33.98% Unhoused 38,443 32.70% 1,399 1.19% 57,006 48.50% Overall 192,049 34.05% 19,510 3.46% 208,696 37.00% Carrying % Witness Drug Identity % Witness Suspicious Carrying % Drug Subgroup Identification Transaction Group Identification Object Suspicious Transaction Count Count Count Object yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 2,453 17.30% 188 1.33% 61 0.43% Black 18,517 16.78% 2,265 2.05% 893 0.81% Hispanic/Latine(x) 32,982 14.20% 4,186 1.80% 2,049 0.88% Middle Eastern/South Asian 1,942 18.74% 117 1.13% 73 0.70% Multiracial 1,069 14.73% 131 1.81% 59 0.81% Native American 244 11.30% 20 0.93% 11 0.51% Pacific Islander 362 13.74% 29 1.10% 12 0.46% White 21,098 11.42% 2,101 1.14% 1,201 0.65% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 19,750 15.86% 1,046 0.84% 749 0.60% Cisgender Man/Boy 57,380 13.35% 7,846 1.83% 3,538 0.82% Nonbinary Person 705 14.57% 74 1.53% 40 0.83% Transgender Man/Boy 494 16.77% 52 1.77% 16 0.54% Transgender Woman/Girl 338 18.52% 19 1.04% 16 0.88% puorG egA 1-9 Years 73 14.26% 12 2.34% 3 0.59% 10-14 Years 1,208 23.64% 136 2.66% 15 0.29% 15-17 Years 3,089 16.56% 602 3.23% 91 0.49% 18-24 Years 8,026 12.54% 1,546 2.42% 490 0.77% 25-34 Years 25,063 14.34% 3,016 1.73% 1,478 0.85% 35-44 Years 22,034 13.93% 2,141 1.35% 1,207 0.76% 45-54 Years 11,529 13.09% 1,075 1.22% 688 0.78% 55-64 Years 5,502 13.43% 391 0.95% 320 0.78% 65+ Years 2,143 15.63% 118 0.86% 67 0.49% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 2,066 17.82% 150 1.29% 80 0.69% Straight/Heterosexual 76,601 13.87% 8,887 1.61% 4,279 0.77% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 71,847 13.67% 8,554 1.63% 4,077 0.78% Limited/No English Fluency 6,820 17.79% 483 1.26% 282 0.74% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 4,583 23.88% 309 1.61% 55 0.29% No Disability 74,084 13.60% 8,728 1.60% 4,304 0.79% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 65,579 14.69% 7,528 1.69% 3,719 0.83% Unhoused 13,088 11.13% 1,509 1.28% 640 0.54% Overall 78,667 13.95% 9,037 1.60% 4,359 0.77% Actions Suspected % Actions % Actions % Actions Identity Indicative of Acting Suspected Indicative of Indicative of Subgroup Indicative Group of Casing as Lookout of Acting Violent Violent of Casing Count Count as Lookout Crime Count Crime yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 173 1.22% 75 0.53% 121 0.85% Black 775 0.70% 454 0.41% 935 0.85% Hispanic/Latine(x) 2,662 1.15% 1,363 0.59% 2,023 0.87% Middle Eastern/South Asian 147 1.42% 42 0.41% 93 0.90% Multiracial 112 1.54% 53 0.73% 76 1.05% Native American 13 0.60% 4 0.19% 26 1.20% Pacific Islander 34 1.29% 13 0.49% 38 1.44% White 1,836 0.99% 520 0.28% 1,217 0.66% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 870 0.70% 519 0.42% 975 0.78% Cisgender Man/Boy 4,786 1.11% 1,965 0.46% 3,492 0.81% Nonbinary Person 59 1.22% 20 0.41% 36 0.74% Transgender Man/Boy 28 0.95% 14 0.48% 13 0.44% Transgender Woman/Girl 9 0.49% 6 0.33% 13 0.71% puorG egA 1-9 Years 5 0.98% 11 2.15% 5 0.98% 10-14 Years 35 0.68% 34 0.67% 81 1.59% 15-17 Years 181 0.97% 179 0.96% 308 1.65% 18-24 Years 739 1.15% 521 0.81% 817 1.28% 25-34 Years 1,832 1.05% 767 0.44% 1,452 0.83% 35-44 Years 1,686 1.07% 585 0.37% 1,055 0.67% 45-54 Years 868 0.99% 306 0.35% 500 0.57% 55-64 Years 302 0.74% 94 0.23% 224 0.55% 65+ Years 104 0.76% 27 0.20% 87 0.63% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 122 1.05% 43 0.37% 106 0.91% Straight/Heterosexual 5,630 1.02% 2,481 0.45% 4,423 0.80% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 5,320 1.01% 2,384 0.45% 3,686 0.70% Limited/No English Fluency 432 1.13% 140 0.37% 843 2.20% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 157 0.82% 44 0.23% 189 0.98% No Disability 5,595 1.03% 2,480 0.46% 4,340 0.80% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 4,800 1.08% 2,288 0.51% 4,187 0.94% Unhoused 952 0.81% 236 0.20% 342 0.29% Overall 5,752 1.02% 2,524 0.45% 4,529 0.80% Identity Other2 Subgroup % Other Total Count Group Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 3,719 26.22% 14,183 Black 25,258 22.88% 110,375 Hispanic/Latine(x) 59,436 25.60% 232,211 Middle Eastern/South Asian 2,667 25.74% 10,361 Multiracial 1,615 22.26% 7,256 Native American 664 30.75% 2,159 Pacific Islander 713 27.06% 2,635 White 45,771 24.76% 184,823 redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 32,295 25.93% 124,524 Cisgender Man/Boy 105,527 24.55% 429,870 Nonbinary Person 937 19.37% 4,838 Transgender Man/Boy 716 24.30% 2,946 Transgender Woman/Girl 368 20.16% 1,825 puorG egA 1-9 Years 143 27.93% 512 10-14 Years 1,324 25.91% 5,110 15-17 Years 5,522 29.60% 18,657 18-24 Years 17,998 28.13% 63,992 25-34 Years 42,930 24.56% 174,766 35-44 Years 38,173 24.13% 158,225 45-54 Years 21,280 24.16% 88,070 55-64 Years 9,235 22.54% 40,964 65+ Years 3,238 23.62% 13,707 lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 2,348 20.25% 11,593 Straight/Heterosexual 137,495 24.89% 552,410 hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 128,244 24.40% 525,661 Limited/No English Fluency 11,599 30.25% 38,342 ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 4,332 22.57% 19,195 No Disability 135,511 24.87% 544,808 gnisuoH sutatS Housed 117,576 26.34% 446,453 Unhoused 22,267 18.94% 117,550 Overall 139,843 24.79% 564,003 2 Other reasonable suspicion or probable cause that a crime has occurred. Table A9: Action Taken During Stop vs. No Action Taken During Stop by Perceived Identity Group Action % Action No Action % No Action Identity Taken Taken Taken Subgroup Taken Total Stops Group During During During During Stop Stop Count Stop Stop Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 32,330 10.88% 264,933 89.12% 297,263 (100.00%) Black 202,775 33.11% 409,582 66.89% 612,357 (100.00%) Hispanic/Latine(x) 548,242 25.00% 1,644,848 75.00% 2,193,090 (100.00%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 25,099 9.12% 249,966 90.88% 275,065 (100.00%) Multiracial 15,338 24.56% 47,109 75.44% 62,447 (100.00%) Native American 4,470 33.64% 8,816 66.36% 13,286 (100.00%) Pacific Islander 5,565 20.81% 21,179 79.19% 26,744 (100.00%) White 340,965 21.52% 1,243,180 78.48% 1,584,145 (100.00%) redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 247,035 17.52% 1,163,271 82.48% 1,410,306 (100.00%) Cisgender Man/Boy 909,716 25.32% 2,683,767 74.68% 3,593,483 (100.00%) Nonbinary Person 10,157 25.13% 30,253 74.87% 40,410 (100.00%) Transgender Man/Boy 4,990 38.57% 7,948 61.43% 12,938 (100.00%) Transgender Woman/Girl 2,886 39.75% 4,374 60.25% 7,260 (100.00%) puorG egA 1-9 Years 998 22.93% 3,354 77.07% 4,352 (100.00%) 10-14 Years 7,386 54.08% 6,271 45.92% 13,657 (100.00%) 15-17 Years 30,957 42.98% 41,070 57.02% 72,027 (100.00%) 18-24 Years 166,186 21.66% 600,988 78.34% 767,174 (100.00%) 25-34 Years 386,967 24.91% 1,166,635 75.09% 1,553,602 (100.00%) 35-44 Years 316,920 25.40% 930,752 74.60% 1,247,672 (100.00%) 45-54 Years 168,053 21.39% 617,428 78.61% 785,481 (100.00%) 55-64 Years 72,572 17.37% 345,275 82.63% 417,847 (100.00%) 65+ Years 24,745 12.21% 177,840 87.79% 202,585 (100.00%) lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 20,562 38.54% 32,789 61.46% 53,351 (100.00%) Straight/Heterosexual 1,154,222 23.03% 3,856,824 76.97% 5,011,046 (100.00%) hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 1,084,322 22.96% 3,638,573 77.04% 4,722,895 (100.00%) Limited/No English Fluency 90,462 26.49% 251,040 73.51% 341,502 (100.00%) ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 34,561 65.66% 18,076 34.34% 52,637 (100.00%) No Disability 1,140,223 22.75% 3,871,537 77.25% 5,011,760 (100.00%) gnisuoH sutatS Housed 1,037,245 21.24% 3,845,774 78.76% 4,883,019 (100.00%) Unhoused 137,539 75.83% 43,839 24.17% 181,378 (100.00%) Overall 1,174,784 23.20% 3,889,613 76.80% 5,064,397 (100.00%) Table A10: Use of Force by Perceived Identity Group Lethal Less Lethal % Less Limited Identity % Lethal % Limited No Force % No Use of % Use of Subgroup Force Force Lethal Force Group Force Force Count Force Force Force Count Count Force Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 3 < 0.01% 564 0.19% 11,402 3.84% 285,290 95.97% 11,969 4.03% Black 22 < 0.01% 6,001 0.98% 95,726 15.63% 510,570 83.38% 101,749 16.62% Hispanic/Latine(x) 63 < 0.01% 12,044 0.55% 224,844 10.25% 1,956,069 89.20% 236,951 10.80% Middle Eastern/South Asian 3 < 0.01% 486 0.18% 8,305 3.02% 266,257 96.80% 8,794 3.20% Multiracial 2 < 0.01% 518 0.83% 5,614 8.99% 56,311 90.18% 6,134 9.82% Native American 0 0.00% 98 0.74% 2,227 16.76% 10,959 82.50% 2,325 17.50% Pacific Islander 0 0.00% 147 0.55% 2,298 8.59% 24,298 90.86% 2,445 9.14% White 29 < 0.01% 5,526 0.35% 133,224 8.41% 1,445,249 91.24% 138,779 8.76% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 10 < 0.01% 4,028 0.29% 93,829 6.65% 1,312,356 93.06% 97,867 6.94% Cisgender Man/Boy 110 < 0.01% 20,921 0.58% 381,930 10.63% 3,190,360 88.79% 402,961 11.21% Nonbinary Person 1 < 0.01% 286 0.71% 4,054 10.03% 36,067 89.26% 4,341 10.74% Transgender Man/Boy 1 0.01% 103 0.80% 2,412 18.64% 10,422 80.55% 2,516 19.45% Transgender Woman/Girl 0 0.00% 46 0.63% 1,415 19.49% 5,798 79.87% 1,461 20.13% puorG egA 1-9 Years 1 0.02% 27 0.62% 285 6.55% 4,040 92.81% 313 7.19% 10-14 Years 0 0.00% 230 1.68% 3,187 23.34% 10,239 74.98% 3,417 25.02% 15-17 Years 5 0.01% 1,166 1.62% 13,410 18.62% 57,440 79.75% 14,581 20.25% 18-24 Years 15 < 0.01% 4,059 0.53% 63,155 8.23% 699,926 91.24% 67,229 8.76% 25-34 Years 36 < 0.01% 8,423 0.54% 166,770 10.73% 1,378,288 88.72% 175,229 11.28% 35-44 Years 49 < 0.01% 6,941 0.56% 136,285 10.92% 1,104,319 88.52% 143,275 11.48% 45-54 Years 11 < 0.01% 3,107 0.40% 65,599 8.35% 716,729 91.25% 68,717 8.75% 55-64 Years 4 < 0.01% 1,090 0.26% 26,839 6.42% 389,897 93.31% 27,933 6.69% 65+ Years 1 < 0.01% 341 0.17% 8,110 4.00% 194,125 95.83% 8,452 4.17% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 6 0.01% 386 0.72% 9,378 17.58% 43,576 81.69% 9,770 18.31% Straight/Heterosexual 116 < 0.01% 24,998 0.50% 474,262 9.46% 4,511,427 90.03% 499,376 9.97% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 114 < 0.01% 23,637 0.50% 444,589 9.41% 4,254,326 90.08% 468,340 9.92% Limited/No English Fluency 8 < 0.01% 1,747 0.51% 39,051 11.44% 300,677 88.05% 40,806 11.95% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 3 < 0.01% 878 1.67% 21,894 41.60% 29,859 56.73% 22,775 43.27% No Disability 119 < 0.01% 24,506 0.49% 461,746 9.21% 4,525,144 90.29% 486,371 9.71% gnisuoH sutatS Lethal Less Lethal % Less Limited Identity % Lethal % Limited No Force % No Use of % Use of Subgroup Force Force Lethal Force Group Force Force Count Force Force Force Count Count Force Count Housed 115 < 0.01% 22,849 0.47% 416,045 8.52% 4,443,809 91.01% 439,009 8.99% Unhoused 7 < 0.01% 2,535 1.40% 67,595 37.28% 111,194 61.32% 70,137 38.68% Overall 122 < 0.01% 25,384 0.50% 483,640 9.55% 4,555,003 89.95% 509,146 10.05% Table A11: Top 4 Actions Taken During Stop by Perceived Identity Group % Search Asked % Asked Identity Search or % % Subgroup or Terry Handcuffed Detained Parole Parole Group Terry Frisk Handcuffed Detained Frisk Status Status yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 13,557 4.56% 11,454 3.85% 16,591 5.58% 3,896 1.31% Black 116,628 19.04% 98,109 16.02% 107,806 17.60% 31,738 5.18% Hispanic/Latine(x) 286,104 13.04% 226,648 10.33% 278,891 12.72% 80,477 3.67% Middle Eastern/South Asian 9,932 3.61% 8,443 3.07% 12,605 4.58% 3,393 1.23% Multiracial 7,744 12.40% 5,706 9.14% 8,758 14.02% 2,709 4.34% Native American 2,546 19.16% 2,273 17.11% 2,285 17.20% 466 3.51% Pacific Islander 2,819 10.54% 2,367 8.85% 2,809 10.50% 699 2.61% White 168,432 10.63% 134,800 8.51% 186,662 11.78% 49,999 3.16% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 103,502 7.34% 94,269 6.68% 133,348 9.45% 29,848 2.12% Cisgender Man/Boy 495,518 13.79% 387,702 10.79% 472,714 13.15% 141,367 3.93% Nonbinary Person 4,631 11.46% 3,977 9.84% 6,200 15.34% 1,263 3.13% Transgender Man/Boy 2,696 20.84% 2,433 18.81% 2,585 19.98% 601 4.65% Transgender Woman/Girl 1,415 19.48% 1,419 19.55% 1,560 21.48% 298 4.10% puorG egA 1-9 Years 330 7.58% 266 6.11% 592 13.60% 91 2.09% 10-14 Years 3,598 26.35% 3,303 24.19% 4,335 31.74% 275 2.01% 15-17 Years 16,875 23.43% 13,963 19.39% 17,255 23.95% 2,492 3.46% 18-24 Years 83,296 10.86% 63,681 8.30% 80,764 10.53% 25,430 3.31% 25-34 Years 205,888 13.25% 168,591 10.85% 197,661 12.72% 59,146 3.81% 35-44 Years 170,764 13.69% 138,488 11.10% 171,309 13.73% 49,147 3.94% 45-54 Years 83,506 10.63% 66,322 8.44% 91,854 11.69% 24,956 3.18% 55-64 Years 33,447 8.00% 27,059 6.48% 39,671 9.49% 9,395 2.25% 65+ Years 10,058 4.96% 8,127 4.01% 12,966 6.40% 2,445 1.21% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 10,429 19.55% 9,404 17.63% 11,193 20.98% 2,624 4.92% Straight/Heterosexual 597,333 11.92% 480,396 9.59% 605,214 12.08% 170,753 3.41% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 560,931 11.88% 450,410 9.54% 574,373 12.16% 161,445 3.42% Limited/No English Fluency 46,831 13.71% 39,390 11.53% 42,034 12.31% 11,932 3.49% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 21,338 40.53% 22,227 42.23% 19,324 36.71% 2,255 4.28% No Disability 586,424 11.70% 467,573 9.33% 597,083 11.91% 171,122 3.41% gnisuoH sutatS % Search Asked % Asked Identity Search or % % Subgroup or Terry Handcuffed Detained Parole Parole Group Terry Frisk Handcuffed Detained Frisk Status Status Housed 529,775 10.85% 421,081 8.62% 527,136 10.79% 151,635 3.11% Unhoused 77,987 43.00% 68,719 37.90% 89,271 49.22% 21,742 11.99% Overall 607,762 12.00% 489,800 9.67% 616,407 12.17% 173,377 3.42% Table A12: Average Number of Actions Taken by Perceived Identity Group Average Standard Minimum Maximum Identity Number of Deviation of Number of Number of Subgroup Group Actions Actions Actions Actions Taken Taken Taken Taken yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 0.26 0.96 0 17 Black 0.94 1.72 0 17 Hispanic/Latine(x) 0.68 1.52 0 18 Middle Eastern/South Asian 0.21 0.86 0 15 Multiracial 0.68 1.54 0 16 Native American 0.93 1.68 0 12 Pacific Islander 0.56 1.41 0 14 White 0.56 1.38 0 17 redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 0.42 1.18 0 17 Cisgender Man/Boy 0.70 1.55 0 18 Nonbinary Person 0.64 1.46 0 16 Transgender Man/Boy 1.02 1.71 0 14 Transgender Woman/Girl 1.03 1.70 0 12 puorG egA 1-9 Years 0.46 1.11 0 10 10-14 Years 1.23 1.61 0 12 15-17 Years 1.12 1.75 0 15 18-24 Years 0.58 1.42 0 18 25-34 Years 0.69 1.52 0 16 35-44 Years 0.71 1.55 0 17 45-54 Years 0.56 1.38 0 17 55-64 Years 0.43 1.19 0 14 65+ Years 0.27 0.92 0 16 lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 1.04 1.75 0 18 Straight/Heterosexual 0.62 1.45 0 17 hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 0.62 1.45 0 18 Limited/No English Fluency 0.74 1.59 0 15 ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 1.77 1.84 0 16 No Disability 0.61 1.45 0 18 gnisuoH sutatS Housed 0.57 1.41 0 18 Unhoused 2.10 1.94 0 15 Overall 0.63 1.46 0 18 Table A13: Average Number of Actions Taken by Perceived Identity Group for Stops with At Least One Action Taken Average Standard Maximum Identity Subgroup Number of Deviation of Number of Group Actions Taken Actions Taken Actions Taken yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 2.39 1.81 17 Black 2.83 1.90 17 Hispanic/Latine(x) 2.74 1.91 18 Middle Eastern/South Asian 2.33 1.79 15 Multiracial 2.76 2.00 16 Native American 2.76 1.82 12 Pacific Islander 2.71 1.94 14 White 2.61 1.86 17 redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 2.41 1.76 17 Cisgender Man/Boy 2.78 1.92 18 Nonbinary Person 2.54 1.90 16 Transgender Man/Boy 2.65 1.82 14 Transgender Woman/Girl 2.60 1.79 12 puorG egA 1-9 Years 2.00 1.51 10 10-14 Years 2.28 1.56 12 15-17 Years 2.62 1.81 15 18-24 Years 2.69 1.92 18 25-34 Years 2.76 1.90 16 35-44 Years 2.78 1.92 17 45-54 Years 2.63 1.88 17 55-64 Years 2.46 1.77 14 65+ Years 2.21 1.64 16 lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 2.69 1.87 18 Straight/Heterosexual 2.70 1.89 17 hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 2.69 1.89 18 Limited/No English Fluency 2.81 1.94 15 ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 2.70 1.63 16 No Disability 2.70 1.90 18 gnisuoH sutatS Housed 2.69 1.91 18 Unhoused 2.77 1.77 15 Overall 2.70 1.89 18 Table A14: Actions Taken During Stop by Perceived Race/Ethnicity Force Hispanic/ % Middle Eastern/ % Middle Asian Black Action Action During Stop % Asian % Black Latine(x) Hispanic/ South Asian Eastern/ Count Count Type Count Latine(x) Count South Asian noitcA ecroF-noN Admission or Written Statement Obtained 28 0.01% 138 0.02% 471 0.02% 7 < 0.01% from Student Asked for Consent to Search Person 3,523 1.19% 21,528 3.52% 74,295 3.39% 2,232 0.81% Asked for Consent to Search Property 2,435 0.82% 17,482 2.85% 55,014 2.51% 1,699 0.62% Asked for Passenger Identification 2,517 0.85% 13,157 2.15% 38,361 1.75% 2,008 0.73% Asked Parole Status 3,896 1.31% 31,738 5.18% 80,477 3.67% 3,393 1.23% Curbside Detention 9,178 3.09% 66,011 10.78% 175,569 8.01% 7,212 2.62% Field Sobriety Test 4,040 1.36% 10,573 1.73% 59,333 2.71% 3,121 1.13% Patrol Car Detention 8,708 2.93% 52,192 8.52% 127,684 5.82% 6,328 2.30% Canine Search 50 0.02% 360 0.06% 1,654 0.08% 38 0.01% Person Photographed 1,557 0.52% 7,981 1.30% 23,149 1.06% 989 0.36% Person Removed from Vehicle by Order 3,322 1.12% 27,615 4.51% 80,415 3.67% 3,045 1.11% Property Seized 2,224 0.75% 14,606 2.39% 34,776 1.59% 1,454 0.53% Ran Passenger Name 1,343 0.45% 9,212 1.50% 26,235 1.20% 1,049 0.38% Searched Person 10,921 3.67% 82,230 13.43% 208,871 9.52% 7,775 2.83% Searched Property 5,396 1.82% 50,140 8.19% 115,138 5.25% 3,917 1.42% Terry v. Ohio Frisk 3,127 1.05% 41,279 6.74% 87,680 4.00% 2,558 0.93% Vehicle Impounded 1,766 0.59% 9,621 1.57% 43,324 1.98% 1,739 0.63% Received Consent to Search Person 2,973 84.39% 18,434 85.63% 64,135 86.32% 1,851 82.93% Received Consent to Search Property 2,001 82.18% 14,963 85.59% 47,639 86.59% 1,412 83.11% noitcA ecroF Handcuffed of Flex Cuffed 11,454 3.85% 98,109 16.02% 226,648 10.33% 8,443 3.07% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Drawn 12 < 0.01% 154 0.03% 312 0.01% 17 0.01% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Used to 7 < 0.01% 56 0.01% 104 < 0.01% 5 < 0.01% Strike or Prod Chemical Spray Used 12 < 0.01% 111 0.02% 215 0.01% 5 < 0.01% Electronic Control Device Pointed at Person 59 0.02% 870 0.14% 1,388 0.06% 58 0.02% or Sparked Electronic Control Device Used in Drive- 4 < 0.01% 92 0.02% 141 0.01% 10 < 0.01% Stun Mode Electronic Control Device Used in Dart- 23 0.01% 279 0.05% 533 0.02% 15 0.01% Mode Unholstered Firearm 435 0.15% 5,470 0.89% 9,649 0.44% 351 0.13% Firearm Pointed at Person 420 0.14% 5,054 0.83% 9,672 0.44% 372 0.14% Discharged Firearm 3 < 0.01% 22 < 0.01% 63 < 0.01% 3 < 0.01% Impact Projectile Weapon Pointed at Person 42 0.01% 371 0.06% 665 0.03% 33 0.01% Discharged Impact Projectile Weapon 9 < 0.01% 106 0.02% 196 0.01% 4 < 0.01% Canine Removed from Patrol Vehicle to 31 0.01% 374 0.06% 699 0.03% 23 0.01% Gain Compliance and/or Apprehension Canine Bit or Held Person 16 0.01% 99 0.02% 193 0.01% 10 < 0.01% Person Removed from Vehicle by Physical 374 0.13% 3,120 0.51% 8,403 0.38% 234 0.09% Contact Physical Compliance Tactics and 363 0.12% 3,914 0.64% 6,978 0.32% 247 0.09% Techniques Use of Vehicle in Apprehension 97 0.03% 554 0.09% 1,581 0.07% 85 0.03% oN ecroF Force Hispanic/ % Middle Eastern/ % Middle Asian Black Action Action During Stop % Asian % Black Latine(x) Hispanic/ South Asian Eastern/ Count Count Type Count Latine(x) Count South Asian No Actions Taken During Stop 264,933 89.12% 409,582 66.89% 1,644,848 75.00% 249,966 90.88% Force Native Pacific Multiracial % % Native % Pacific White Action Action During Stop American Islander % White Count Multiracial American Islander Count Type Count Count noitcA ecroF-noN Admission or Written Statement Obtained 11 0.02% 2 0.02% 6 0.02% 173 0.01% from Student Asked for Consent to Search Person 2,013 3.22% 423 3.18% 688 2.57% 41,693 2.63% Asked for Consent to Search Property 1,362 2.18% 268 2.02% 497 1.86% 27,657 1.75% Asked for Passenger Identification 1,148 1.84% 259 1.95% 399 1.49% 21,054 1.33% Asked Parole Status 2,709 4.34% 466 3.51% 699 2.61% 49,999 3.16% Curbside Detention 4,887 7.83% 1,290 9.71% 1,664 6.22% 122,957 7.76% Field Sobriety Test 975 1.56% 500 3.76% 558 2.09% 29,067 1.83% Patrol Car Detention 4,792 7.67% 1,268 9.54% 1,402 5.24% 81,446 5.14% Canine Search 59 0.09% 22 0.17% 14 0.05% 1,095 0.07% Person Photographed 874 1.40% 178 1.34% 383 1.43% 15,028 0.95% Person Removed from Vehicle by Order 1,798 2.88% 489 3.68% 680 2.54% 33,487 2.11% Property Seized 1,289 2.06% 457 3.44% 521 1.95% 32,855 2.07% Ran Passenger Name 746 1.19% 222 1.67% 261 0.98% 13,325 0.84% Searched Person 6,048 9.68% 2,220 16.71% 2,341 8.75% 139,647 8.81% Searched Property 3,295 5.28% 911 6.86% 1,176 4.40% 73,485 4.64% Terry v. Ohio Frisk 2,120 3.39% 457 3.44% 661 2.47% 35,638 2.25% Vehicle Impounded 854 1.37% 283 2.13% 327 1.22% 15,805 1.00% Received Consent to Search Person 1,712 85.05% 338 79.91% 563 81.83% 33,515 80.39% Received Consent to Search Property 1,136 83.41% 213 79.48% 388 78.07% 21,727 78.56% noitcA ecroF Handcuffed of Flex Cuffed 5,706 9.14% 2,273 17.11% 2,367 8.85% 134,800 8.51% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Drawn 8 0.01% 3 0.02% 8 0.03% 255 0.02% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Used to 6 0.01% 1 0.01% 2 0.01% 56 < 0.01% Strike or Prod Chemical Spray Used 17 0.03% 4 0.03% 2 0.01% 132 0.01% Electronic Control Device Pointed at Person 59 0.09% 20 0.15% 23 0.09% 969 0.06% or Sparked Electronic Control Device Used in Drive- 6 0.01% 3 0.02% 0 0.00% 85 0.01% Stun Mode Electronic Control Device Used in Dart- 15 0.02% 7 0.05% 6 0.02% 291 0.02% Mode Unholstered Firearm 316 0.51% 53 0.40% 93 0.35% 3,912 0.25% Firearm Pointed at Person 336 0.54% 77 0.58% 114 0.43% 4,458 0.28% Discharged Firearm 2 < 0.01% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 29 < 0.01% Impact Projectile Weapon Pointed at Person 28 0.04% 10 0.08% 8 0.03% 344 0.02% Discharged Impact Projectile Weapon 11 0.02% 2 0.02% 0 0.00% 98 0.01% Canine Removed from Patrol Vehicle to 36 0.06% 11 0.08% 12 0.04% 578 0.04% Gain Compliance and/or Apprehension Canine Bit or Held Person 6 0.01% 0 0.00% 7 0.03% 119 0.01% Person Removed from Vehicle by Physical 304 0.49% 36 0.27% 60 0.22% 3,179 0.20% Contact Physical Compliance Tactics and 294 0.47% 88 0.66% 98 0.37% 5,140 0.32% Techniques Use of Vehicle in Apprehension 146 0.23% 12 0.09% 22 0.08% 646 0.04% oN ecroF Force Native Pacific Multiracial % % Native % Pacific White Action Action During Stop American Islander % White Count Multiracial American Islander Count Type Count Count No Actions Taken During Stop 47,109 75.44% 8,816 66.36% 21,179 79.19% 1,243,180 78.48% Table A15: Actions Taken During Stop by Perceived Gender Force Cisgender Cisgender % Nonbinary % % Cisgender Action Action During Stop Woman/Girl Man/Boy Cisgender Person Nonbinary Woman/Girl Type Count Count Man/Boy Count Person noitcAecroF-noN Admission or Written Statement Obtained 263 0.02% 553 0.02% 10 0.02% from Student Asked for Consent to Search Person 20,594 1.46% 123,449 3.44% 1,432 3.54% Asked for Consent to Search Property 17,569 1.25% 87,365 2.43% 843 2.09% Asked for Passenger Identification 20,105 1.43% 57,740 1.61% 663 1.64% Asked Parole Status 29,848 2.12% 141,367 3.93% 1,263 3.13% Curbside Detention 81,417 5.77% 302,042 8.40% 2,769 6.85% Field Sobriety Test 23,143 1.64% 84,277 2.35% 403 1.00% Patrol Car Detention 63,158 4.48% 214,827 5.98% 3,838 9.50% Canine Search 606 0.04% 2,616 0.07% 50 0.12% Person Photographed 10,974 0.78% 38,355 1.07% 275 0.68% Person Removed from Vehicle by Order 28,792 2.04% 120,257 3.35% 1,072 2.65% Property Seized 16,247 1.15% 70,793 1.97% 461 1.14% Ran Passenger Name 12,972 0.92% 38,642 1.08% 445 1.10% Searched Person 79,485 5.64% 373,553 10.39% 3,880 9.60% Searched Property 45,778 3.25% 204,219 5.68% 1,810 4.48% Terry v. Ohio Frisk 21,827 1.55% 149,434 4.16% 1,080 2.67% Vehicle Impounded 14,264 1.01% 58,648 1.63% 520 1.29% Received Consent to Search Person 16,919 82.15% 104,611 84.74% 1,284 89.66% Received Consent to Search Property 14,376 81.83% 73,871 84.55% 728 86.36% noitcAecroF Handcuffed of Flex Cuffed 94,269 6.68% 387,702 10.79% 3,977 9.84% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Drawn 125 0.01% 628 0.02% 11 0.03% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Used to 17 < 0.01% 218 0.01% 1 < 0.01% Strike or Prod Chemical Spray Used 75 0.01% 408 0.01% 11 0.03% Electronic Control Device Pointed at Person 294 0.02% 3,093 0.09% 28 0.07% or Sparked Electronic Control Device Used in Drive- 25 < 0.01% 306 0.01% 9 0.02% Stun Mode Electronic Control Device Used in Dart- 69 < 0.01% 1,086 0.03% 10 0.02% Mode Unholstered Firearm 3,232 0.23% 16,748 0.47% 158 0.39% Firearm Pointed at Person 3,105 0.22% 17,063 0.47% 203 0.50% Discharged Firearm 10 < 0.01% 110 < 0.01% 1 < 0.01% Impact Projectile Weapon Pointed at Person 222 0.02% 1,251 0.03% 15 0.04% Discharged Impact Projectile Weapon 48 < 0.01% 375 0.01% 2 < 0.01% Canine Removed from Patrol Vehicle to 272 0.02% 1,478 0.04% 8 0.02% Gain Compliance and/or Apprehension Canine Bit or Held Person 51 < 0.01% 394 0.01% 2 < 0.01% Person Removed from Vehicle by Physical 2,424 0.17% 12,934 0.36% 285 0.71% Contact Physical Compliance Tactics and Techniques 3,713 0.26% 13,025 0.36% 232 0.57% Use of Vehicle in Apprehension 746 0.05% 2,323 0.06% 62 0.15% oN ecroF Force Cisgender Cisgender % Nonbinary % % Cisgender Action Action During Stop Woman/Girl Man/Boy Cisgender Person Nonbinary Woman/Girl Type Count Count Man/Boy Count Person No Actions Taken During Stop 1,163,271 82.48% 2,683,767 74.68% 30,253 74.87% Force Transgender % Transgender % Action Action During Stop Man/Boy Transgender Woman/Girl Transgender Type Count Man/Boy Count Woman/Girl noitcAecroF-noN Admission or Written Statement Obtained 6 0.05% 4 0.06% from Student Asked for Consent to Search Person 618 4.78% 302 4.16% Asked for Consent to Search Property 415 3.21% 222 3.06% Asked for Passenger Identification 232 1.79% 163 2.24% Asked Parole Status 601 4.65% 298 4.10% Curbside Detention 1,561 12.07% 979 13.48% Field Sobriety Test 215 1.66% 129 1.78% Patrol Car Detention 1,264 9.77% 733 10.09% Canine Search 14 0.11% 6 0.08% Person Photographed 312 2.41% 223 3.07% Person Removed from Vehicle by Order 483 3.73% 247 3.40% Property Seized 410 3.17% 271 3.73% Ran Passenger Name 203 1.57% 131 1.80% Searched Person 2,004 15.49% 1,131 15.57% Searched Property 1,041 8.05% 610 8.40% Terry v. Ohio Frisk 839 6.48% 340 4.68% Vehicle Impounded 196 1.51% 91 1.25% Received Consent to Search Person 480 77.67% 227 75.17% Received Consent to Search Property 333 80.24% 171 77.03% noitcAecroF Handcuffed of Flex Cuffed 2,433 18.81% 1,419 19.55% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Drawn 4 0.03% 1 0.01% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Used to 0 0.00% 1 0.01% Strike or Prod Chemical Spray Used 1 0.01% 3 0.04% Electronic Control Device Pointed at Person 21 0.16% 10 0.14% or Sparked Electronic Control Device Used in Drive- 0 0.00% 1 0.01% Stun Mode Electronic Control Device Used in Dart- 2 0.02% 2 0.03% Mode Unholstered Firearm 101 0.78% 40 0.55% Firearm Pointed at Person 96 0.74% 36 0.50% Discharged Firearm 1 0.01% 0 0.00% Impact Projectile Weapon Pointed at Person 6 0.05% 7 0.10% Discharged Impact Projectile Weapon 0 0.00% 1 0.01% Canine Removed from Patrol Vehicle to 5 0.04% 1 0.01% Gain Compliance and/or Apprehension Canine Bit or Held Person 2 0.02% 1 0.01% Person Removed from Vehicle by Physical 47 0.36% 20 0.28% Contact Physical Compliance Tactics and Techniques 85 0.66% 67 0.92% Use of Vehicle in Apprehension 6 0.05% 6 0.08% oN ecroF Force Transgender % Transgender % Action Action During Stop Man/Boy Transgender Woman/Girl Transgender Type Count Man/Boy Count Woman/Girl No Actions Taken During Stop 7,948 61.43% 4,374 60.25% Table A16: Actions Taken During Stop by Perceived Age Group Force 1-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 % 1-9 % 10-14 % 15-17 % 18-24 % 25-34 Action Action During Stop Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Type Count Count Count Count Count noitcA ecroF-noN Admission or Written Statement Obtained 8 0.18% 309 2.26% 501 0.70% 17 < 0.01% 0 0.00% from Student Asked for Consent to Search Person 67 1.54% 564 4.13% 2,918 4.05% 16,805 2.19% 48,614 3.13% Asked for Consent to Search Property 52 1.19% 334 2.45% 1,943 2.70% 14,898 1.94% 36,645 2.36% Asked for Passenger Identification 54 1.24% 147 1.08% 1,947 2.70% 16,712 2.18% 25,804 1.66% Asked Parole Status 91 2.09% 275 2.01% 2,492 3.46% 25,430 3.31% 59,146 3.81% Curbside Detention 359 8.25% 2,633 19.28% 11,505 15.97% 50,616 6.60% 123,813 7.97% Field Sobriety Test 13 0.30% 17 0.12% 699 0.97% 18,592 2.42% 39,702 2.56% Patrol Car Detention 265 6.09% 2,075 15.19% 7,425 10.31% 36,742 4.79% 92,177 5.93% Canine Search 0 0.00% 14 0.10% 85 0.12% 407 0.05% 1,022 0.07% Person Photographed 49 1.13% 551 4.03% 2,261 3.14% 6,766 0.88% 15,072 0.97% Person Removed from Vehicle by Order 101 2.32% 382 2.80% 3,562 4.94% 29,485 3.84% 54,707 3.52% Property Seized 53 1.22% 539 3.95% 2,394 3.32% 8,537 1.11% 27,025 1.74% Ran Passenger Name 39 0.90% 94 0.69% 1,347 1.87% 11,123 1.45% 17,425 1.12% Searched Person 233 5.35% 2,376 17.40% 10,228 14.20% 53,725 7.00% 152,982 9.85% Searched Property 152 3.49% 952 6.97% 5,204 7.22% 34,387 4.48% 86,785 5.59% Terry v. Ohio Frisk 90 2.07% 1,430 10.47% 7,388 10.26% 31,485 4.10% 61,433 3.95% Vehicle Impounded 16 0.37% 162 1.19% 1,444 2.00% 13,188 1.72% 26,192 1.69% Received Consent to Search Person 58 86.57% 462 81.91% 2,385 81.73% 14,512 86.36% 41,295 84.94% Received Consent to Search Property 46 88.46% 288 86.23% 1,613 83.02% 12,853 86.27% 31,121 84.93% noitcA ecroF Handcuffed of Flex Cuffed 266 6.11% 3,303 24.19% 13,963 19.39% 63,681 8.30% 168,591 10.85% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Drawn 0 0.00% 3 0.02% 16 0.02% 72 0.01% 251 0.02% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Used to 0 0.00% 3 0.02% 7 0.01% 23 < 0.01% 78 0.01% Strike or Prod Chemical Spray Used 1 0.02% 0 0.00% 33 0.05% 44 0.01% 177 0.01% Electronic Control Device Pointed at Person 1 0.02% 14 0.10% 79 0.11% 329 0.04% 1,179 0.08% or Sparked Electronic Control Device Used in Drive- 0 0.00% 1 0.01% 2 < 0.01% 32 < 0.01% 143 0.01% Stun Mode Electronic Control Device Used in Dart- 1 0.02% 1 0.01% 10 0.01% 99 0.01% 446 0.03% Mode Unholstered Firearm 31 0.71% 210 1.54% 1,118 1.55% 3,421 0.45% 6,667 0.43% Firearm Pointed at Person 21 0.48% 211 1.55% 1,034 1.44% 3,440 0.45% 6,752 0.43% Discharged Firearm 1 0.02% 0 0.00% 5 0.01% 15 < 0.01% 36 < 0.01% Impact Projectile Weapon Pointed at Person 2 0.05% 15 0.11% 63 0.09% 172 0.02% 487 0.03% Discharged Impact Projectile Weapon 0 0.00% 1 0.01% 8 0.01% 29 < 0.01% 159 0.01% Canine Removed from Patrol Vehicle to 0 0.00% 11 0.08% 90 0.12% 257 0.03% 563 0.04% Gain Compliance and/or Apprehension Canine Bit or Held Person 1 0.02% 3 0.02% 29 0.04% 76 0.01% 135 0.01% Person Removed from Vehicle by Physical 9 0.21% 35 0.26% 370 0.51% 3,174 0.41% 5,768 0.37% Contact Physical Compliance Tactics and Techniques 17 0.39% 175 1.28% 712 0.99% 2,257 0.29% 5,878 0.38% Use of Vehicle in Apprehension 4 0.09% 17 0.12% 90 0.12% 468 0.06% 989 0.06% oN ecroF Force 1-9 10-14 15-17 18-24 25-34 % 1-9 % 10-14 % 15-17 % 18-24 % 25-34 Action Action During Stop Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Type Count Count Count Count Count No Actions Taken During Stop 3,354 77.07% 6,271 45.92% 41,070 57.02% 600,988 78.34% 1,166,635 75.09% Force 35-44 45-54 55-64 % 35-44 % 45-54 % 55-64 65+ Years % 65+ Action Action During Stop Years Years Years Years Years Years Count Years Type Count Count Count noitcA ecroF-noN Admission or Written Statement Obtained 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 1 < 0.01% from Student Asked for Consent to Search Person 44,469 3.56% 22,719 2.89% 8,220 1.97% 2,019 1.00% Asked for Consent to Search Property 30,474 2.44% 15,270 1.94% 5,426 1.30% 1,372 0.68% Asked for Passenger Identification 18,499 1.48% 10,041 1.28% 4,165 1.00% 1,534 0.76% Asked Parole Status 49,147 3.94% 24,956 3.18% 9,395 2.25% 2,445 1.21% Curbside Detention 107,454 8.61% 58,423 7.44% 25,871 6.19% 8,094 3.99% Field Sobriety Test 25,312 2.03% 13,689 1.74% 6,889 1.65% 3,254 1.61% Patrol Car Detention 80,486 6.45% 41,713 5.31% 17,139 4.10% 5,798 2.86% Canine Search 986 0.08% 524 0.07% 192 0.05% 62 0.03% Person Photographed 13,649 1.09% 7,416 0.94% 3,280 0.78% 1,095 0.54% Person Removed from Vehicle by Order 36,929 2.96% 17,067 2.17% 6,566 1.57% 2,052 1.01% Property Seized 28,239 2.26% 14,304 1.82% 5,542 1.33% 1,549 0.76% Ran Passenger Name 12,493 1.00% 6,493 0.83% 2,592 0.62% 787 0.39% Searched Person 137,047 10.98% 67,793 8.63% 27,473 6.57% 8,196 4.05% Searched Property 73,477 5.89% 35,382 4.50% 13,447 3.22% 3,672 1.81% Terry v. Ohio Frisk 42,497 3.41% 19,556 2.49% 7,509 1.80% 2,132 1.05% Vehicle Impounded 18,008 1.44% 9,319 1.19% 3,921 0.94% 1,469 0.73% Received Consent to Search Person 37,335 83.96% 19,063 83.91% 6,782 82.51% 1,629 80.68% Received Consent to Search Property 25,343 83.16% 12,652 82.86% 4,439 81.81% 1,124 81.92% noitcA ecroF Handcuffed of Flex Cuffed 138,488 11.10% 66,322 8.44% 27,059 6.48% 8,127 4.01% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Drawn 239 0.02% 134 0.02% 41 0.01% 13 0.01% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Used to 80 0.01% 37 < 0.01% 8 < 0.01% 1 < 0.01% Strike or Prod Chemical Spray Used 149 0.01% 68 0.01% 22 0.01% 4 < 0.01% Electronic Control Device Pointed at Person 1,139 0.09% 494 0.06% 176 0.04% 35 0.02% or Sparked Electronic Control Device Used in Drive- 120 0.01% 34 < 0.01% 8 < 0.01% 1 < 0.01% Stun Mode Electronic Control Device Used in Dart- 410 0.03% 141 0.02% 49 0.01% 12 0.01% Mode Unholstered Firearm 5,247 0.42% 2,434 0.31% 873 0.21% 278 0.14% Firearm Pointed at Person 5,595 0.45% 2,426 0.31% 797 0.19% 227 0.11% Discharged Firearm 49 < 0.01% 11 < 0.01% 4 < 0.01% 1 < 0.01% Impact Projectile Weapon Pointed at Person 460 0.04% 208 0.03% 76 0.02% 18 0.01% Discharged Impact Projectile Weapon 141 0.01% 60 0.01% 19 < 0.01% 9 < 0.01% Canine Removed from Patrol Vehicle to 522 0.04% 240 0.03% 66 0.02% 15 0.01% Gain Compliance and/or Apprehension Canine Bit or Held Person 130 0.01% 52 0.01% 18 < 0.01% 6 < 0.01% Person Removed from Vehicle by Physical 3,949 0.32% 1,729 0.22% 534 0.13% 142 0.07% Contact Physical Compliance Tactics and Techniques 4,816 0.39% 2,174 0.28% 826 0.20% 267 0.13% Use of Vehicle in Apprehension 791 0.06% 460 0.06% 230 0.06% 94 0.05% oN ecroF Force 35-44 45-54 55-64 % 35-44 % 45-54 % 55-64 65+ Years % 65+ Action Action During Stop Years Years Years Years Years Years Count Years Type Count Count Count No Actions Taken During Stop 930,752 74.60% 617,428 78.61% 345,275 82.63% 177,840 87.79% Table A17: Actions Taken During Stop by Perceived Sexual Orientation & English Fluency Force Straight/ English % Limited/No % Limited/No LGB+ % % Straight/ Action Action During Stop Heterosexual Fluent English English Fluency English Count LGB+ Heterosexual Type Count Count Fluent Count Fluency noitcA ecroF-noN Admission or Written Statement Obtained 23 0.04% 813 0.02% 783 0.02% 53 0.02% from Student Asked for Consent to Search Person 2,638 4.94% 143,757 2.87% 135,318 2.86% 11,077 3.24% Asked for Consent to Search Property 1,766 3.31% 104,648 2.09% 98,192 2.08% 8,222 2.41% Asked for Passenger Identification 1,254 2.35% 77,649 1.55% 71,984 1.52% 6,919 2.03% Asked Parole Status 2,624 4.92% 170,753 3.41% 161,445 3.42% 11,932 3.49% Curbside Detention 6,825 12.79% 381,943 7.62% 360,666 7.64% 28,102 8.23% Field Sobriety Test 1,663 3.12% 106,504 2.13% 91,832 1.94% 16,335 4.78% Patrol Car Detention 5,598 10.49% 278,222 5.55% 265,364 5.62% 18,456 5.40% Canine Search 44 0.08% 3,248 0.06% 2,844 0.06% 448 0.13% Person Photographed 1,152 2.16% 48,987 0.98% 44,943 0.95% 5,196 1.52% Person Removed from Vehicle by Order 2,133 4.00% 148,718 2.97% 137,195 2.90% 13,656 4.00% Property Seized 1,598 3.00% 86,584 1.73% 81,407 1.72% 6,775 1.98% Ran Passenger Name 828 1.55% 51,565 1.03% 48,253 1.02% 4,140 1.21% Searched Person 8,474 15.88% 451,579 9.01% 424,267 8.98% 35,786 10.48% Searched Property 4,176 7.83% 249,282 4.97% 235,632 4.99% 17,826 5.22% Terry v. Ohio Frisk 2,449 4.59% 171,071 3.41% 160,705 3.40% 12,815 3.75% Vehicle Impounded 1,059 1.98% 72,660 1.45% 62,783 1.33% 10,936 3.20% Received Consent to Search Person 2,187 82.90% 121,334 84.40% 114,088 84.31% 9,433 85.16% Received Consent to Search Property 1,451 82.16% 88,028 84.12% 82,319 83.83% 7,160 87.08% noitcA ecroF Handcuffed of Flex Cuffed 9,404 17.63% 480,396 9.59% 450,410 9.54% 39,390 11.53% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Drawn 11 0.02% 758 0.02% 713 0.02% 56 0.02% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Used to 4 0.01% 233 < 0.01% 221 < 0.01% 16 < 0.01% Strike or Prod Chemical Spray Used 14 0.03% 484 0.01% 478 0.01% 20 0.01% Electronic Control Device Pointed at Person 71 0.13% 3,375 0.07% 3,197 0.07% 249 0.07% or Sparked Electronic Control Device Used in Drive- 6 0.01% 335 0.01% 313 0.01% 28 0.01% Stun Mode Electronic Control Device Used in Dart- 16 0.03% 1,153 0.02% 1,103 0.02% 66 0.02% Mode Unholstered Firearm 285 0.53% 19,994 0.40% 18,735 0.40% 1,544 0.45% Firearm Pointed at Person 315 0.59% 20,188 0.40% 19,116 0.40% 1,387 0.41% Discharged Firearm 6 0.01% 116 < 0.01% 114 < 0.01% 8 < 0.01% Impact Projectile Weapon Pointed at Person 24 0.04% 1,477 0.03% 1,351 0.03% 150 0.04% Discharged Impact Projectile Weapon 7 0.01% 419 0.01% 385 0.01% 41 0.01% Canine Removed from Patrol Vehicle to 28 0.05% 1,736 0.03% 1,666 0.04% 98 0.03% Gain Compliance and/or Apprehension Canine Bit or Held Person 8 0.01% 442 0.01% 426 0.01% 24 0.01% Person Removed from Vehicle by Physical 257 0.48% 15,453 0.31% 14,766 0.31% 944 0.28% Contact Physical Compliance Tactics and Techniques 523 0.98% 16,599 0.33% 15,690 0.33% 1,432 0.42% Use of Vehicle in Apprehension 41 0.08% 3,102 0.06% 2,880 0.06% 263 0.08% oN ecroF Force Straight/ English % Limited/No % Limited/No LGB+ % % Straight/ Action Action During Stop Heterosexual Fluent English English Fluency English Count LGB+ Heterosexual Type Count Count Fluent Count Fluency No Actions Taken During Stop 32,789 61.46% 3,856,824 76.97% 3,638,573 77.04% 251,040 73.51% Table A18: Actions Taken During Stop by Perceived Disability & Housing Status Force Disability % No Disability % No Housed % Unhoused % Action Action During Stop Count Disability Count Disability Count Housed Count Unhoused Type noitcA ecroF-noN Admission or Written Statement Obtained 57 0.11% 779 0.02% 834 0.02% 2 < 0.01% from Student Asked for Consent to Search Person 3,757 7.14% 142,638 2.85% 124,643 2.55% 21,752 11.99% Asked for Consent to Search Property 1,779 3.38% 104,635 2.09% 95,011 1.95% 11,403 6.29% Asked for Passenger Identification 424 0.81% 78,479 1.57% 77,126 1.58% 1,777 0.98% Asked Parole Status 2,255 4.28% 171,122 3.41% 151,635 3.11% 21,742 11.99% Curbside Detention 10,963 20.83% 377,805 7.54% 320,993 6.57% 67,775 37.37% Field Sobriety Test 966 1.84% 107,201 2.14% 106,422 2.18% 1,745 0.96% Patrol Car Detention 10,759 20.44% 273,061 5.45% 252,764 5.18% 31,056 17.12% Canine Search 37 0.07% 3,255 0.06% 3,144 0.06% 148 0.08% Person Photographed 1,935 3.68% 48,204 0.96% 41,048 0.84% 9,091 5.01% Person Removed from Vehicle by Order 1,180 2.24% 149,671 2.99% 146,823 3.01% 4,028 2.22% Property Seized 2,307 4.38% 85,875 1.71% 73,268 1.50% 14,914 8.22% Ran Passenger Name 350 0.66% 52,043 1.04% 50,983 1.04% 1,410 0.78% Searched Person 16,712 31.75% 443,341 8.85% 394,877 8.09% 65,176 35.93% Searched Property 5,605 10.65% 247,853 4.95% 222,804 4.56% 30,654 16.90% Terry v. Ohio Frisk 6,715 12.76% 166,805 3.33% 155,157 3.18% 18,363 10.12% Vehicle Impounded 702 1.33% 73,017 1.46% 72,256 1.48% 1,463 0.81% Received Consent to Search Person 3,170 84.38% 120,351 84.38% 105,184 84.39% 18,337 84.30% Received Consent to Search Property 1,485 83.47% 87,994 84.10% 80,072 84.28% 9,407 82.50% noitcA ecroF Handcuffed of Flex Cuffed 22,227 42.23% 467,573 9.33% 421,081 8.62% 68,719 37.90% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Drawn 68 0.13% 701 0.01% 639 0.01% 130 0.07% Baton or Other Impact Weapon Used to 16 0.03% 221 < 0.01% 200 < 0.01% 37 0.02% Strike or Prod Chemical Spray Used 43 0.08% 455 0.01% 428 0.01% 70 0.04% Electronic Control Device Pointed at Person 379 0.72% 3,067 0.06% 2,721 0.06% 725 0.40% or Sparked Electronic Control Device Used in Drive- 32 0.06% 309 0.01% 294 0.01% 47 0.03% Stun Mode Electronic Control Device Used in Dart- 133 0.25% 1,036 0.02% 978 0.02% 191 0.11% Mode Unholstered Firearm 736 1.40% 19,543 0.39% 18,209 0.37% 2,070 1.14% Firearm Pointed at Person 618 1.17% 19,885 0.40% 18,520 0.38% 1,983 1.09% Discharged Firearm 3 0.01% 119 < 0.01% 115 < 0.01% 7 < 0.01% Impact Projectile Weapon Pointed at Person 153 0.29% 1,348 0.03% 1,255 0.03% 246 0.14% Discharged Impact Projectile Weapon 56 0.11% 370 0.01% 346 0.01% 80 0.04% Canine Removed from Patrol Vehicle to 58 0.11% 1,706 0.03% 1,607 0.03% 157 0.09% Gain Compliance and/or Apprehension Canine Bit or Held Person 15 0.03% 435 0.01% 410 0.01% 40 0.02% Person Removed from Vehicle by Physical 211 0.40% 15,499 0.31% 15,064 0.31% 646 0.36% Contact Physical Compliance Tactics and Techniques 1,849 3.51% 15,273 0.30% 13,597 0.28% 3,525 1.94% Use of Vehicle in Apprehension 84 0.16% 3,059 0.06% 2,863 0.06% 280 0.15% oN ecroF Force Disability % No Disability % No Housed % Unhoused % Action Action During Stop Count Disability Count Disability Count Housed Count Unhoused Type No Actions Taken During Stop 18,076 34.34% 3,871,537 77.25% 3,845,774 78.76% 43,839 24.17% Table A19: Top 3 Results of Stop and No Action as a Result of Stop by Perceived Identity Group Identity Warning Citation Subgroup % Warning % Citation Group Count Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 92,440 31.09% 178,911 60.18% Black 227,756 37.19% 226,359 36.96% Hispanic/Latine(x) 728,517 33.21% 1,040,105 47.42% Middle Eastern/South Asian 86,504 31.45% 170,616 62.02% Multiracial 22,022 35.26% 29,234 46.81% Native American 4,707 35.43% 4,339 32.66% Pacific Islander 9,417 35.21% 12,530 46.85% White 579,916 36.60% 716,438 45.22% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 471,776 33.45% 724,629 51.37% Cisgender Man/Boy 1,261,232 35.09% 1,629,624 45.34% Nonbinary Person 10,436 25.82% 19,683 48.70% Transgender Man/Boy 5,075 39.25% 2,858 22.10% Transgender Woman/Girl 2,760 38.00% 1,738 23.93% puorG egA 1-9 Years 1,404 32.25% 1,228 28.21% 10-14 Years 3,400 24.90% 1,877 13.74% 15-17 Years 22,276 30.93% 23,234 32.26% 18-24 Years 255,534 33.30% 395,933 51.60% 25-34 Years 529,350 34.07% 721,592 46.44% 35-44 Years 430,489 34.50% 559,628 44.85% 45-54 Years 282,279 35.93% 365,221 46.49% 55-64 Years 147,335 35.26% 208,749 49.95% 65+ Years 79,212 39.10% 101,070 49.88% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 17,064 31.98% 16,861 31.60% Straight/Heterosexual 1,734,215 34.60% 2,361,671 47.12% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 1,627,498 34.45% 2,226,158 47.13% Limited/No English Fluency 123,781 36.24% 152,374 44.61% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 9,999 18.99% 6,430 12.21% No Disability 1,741,280 34.74% 2,372,102 47.32% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 1,702,879 34.87% 2,365,262 48.43% Unhoused 48,400 26.68% 13,270 7.32% Overall 1,751,279 34.58% 2,378,532 46.96% Identity Arrest No Action % No Subgroup % Arrest Total Stops Group Count Count Action yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 17,139 5.76% 9,831 3.31% 297,312 (100.00%) Black 100,500 16.41% 44,322 7.24% 612,432 (100.00%) Hispanic/Latine(x) 290,649 13.25% 131,399 5.99% 2,193,535 (100.00%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 12,349 4.49% 7,923 2.88% 275,091 (100.00%) Multiracial 7,657 12.26% 4,043 6.47% 62,453 (100.00%) Native American 3,231 24.32% 918 6.91% 13,285 (100.00%) Pacific Islander 3,264 12.20% 1,426 5.33% 26,744 (100.00%) White 194,536 12.28% 89,873 5.67% 1,584,276 (100.00%) redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 139,361 9.88% 70,564 5.00% 1,410,526 (100.00%) Cisgender Man/Boy 479,507 13.34% 212,816 5.92% 3,593,990 (100.00%) Nonbinary Person 5,692 14.08% 4,137 10.24% 40,419 (100.00%) Transgender Man/Boy 3,039 23.50% 1,511 11.69% 12,930 (100.00%) Transgender Woman/Girl 1,726 23.76% 707 9.73% 7,263 (100.00%) puorG egA 1-9 Years 305 7.01% 1,165 26.76% 4,353 (100.00%) 10-14 Years 3,053 22.35% 1,794 13.14% 13,657 (100.00%) 15-17 Years 12,204 16.94% 6,439 8.94% 72,032 (100.00%) 18-24 Years 68,730 8.96% 44,891 5.85% 767,314 (100.00%) 25-34 Years 205,107 13.20% 95,615 6.15% 1,553,814 (100.00%) 35-44 Years 184,436 14.78% 73,173 5.86% 1,247,842 (100.00%) 45-54 Years 97,658 12.43% 41,434 5.27% 785,602 (100.00%) 55-64 Years 43,573 10.43% 17,923 4.29% 417,902 (100.00%) 65+ Years 14,259 7.04% 7,301 3.60% 202,612 (100.00%) lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 12,424 23.28% 5,422 10.16% 53,358 (100.00%) Straight/Heterosexual 616,901 12.31% 284,313 5.67% 5,011,770 (100.00%) hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 578,638 12.25% 273,425 5.79% 4,723,561 (100.00%) Limited/No English Fluency 50,687 14.84% 16,310 4.78% 341,567 (100.00%) ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 15,284 29.03% 4,645 8.82% 52,651 (100.00%) No Disability 614,041 12.25% 285,090 5.69% 5,012,477 (100.00%) gnisuoH sutatS Housed 543,481 11.13% 270,475 5.54% 4,883,726 (100.00%) Unhoused 85,844 47.32% 19,260 10.62% 181,402 (100.00%) Overall 629,325 12.42% 289,735 5.72% 5,065,128 (100.00%) Table A20: Result of Stop by Perceived Identity Group No Action % No Written Verbal Identity % Written % Verbal Subgroup Taken Action Warning Warning Group Warning Warning Count Taken Count Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 9,831 3.31% 11,336 3.81% 81,657 27.47% Black 44,322 7.24% 15,533 2.54% 213,245 34.82% Hispanic/Latine(x) 131,399 5.99% 57,567 2.62% 675,389 30.79% Middle Eastern/South Asian 7,923 2.88% 9,053 3.29% 77,887 28.31% Multiracial 4,043 6.47% 3,083 4.94% 19,150 30.66% Native American 918 6.91% 294 2.21% 4,429 33.34% Pacific Islander 1,426 5.33% 972 3.63% 8,491 31.75% White 89,873 5.67% 58,323 3.68% 524,731 33.12% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 70,564 5.00% 53,383 3.78% 421,128 29.86% Cisgender Man/Boy 212,816 5.92% 100,518 2.80% 1,167,674 32.49% Nonbinary Person 4,137 10.24% 1,248 3.09% 9,313 23.04% Transgender Man/Boy 1,511 11.69% 609 4.71% 4,494 34.76% Transgender Woman/Girl 707 9.73% 403 5.55% 2,370 32.63% puorG egA 1-9 Years 1,165 26.76% 151 3.47% 1,281 29.43% 10-14 Years 1,794 13.14% 430 3.15% 3,002 21.98% 15-17 Years 6,439 8.94% 1,942 2.70% 20,474 28.42% 18-24 Years 44,891 5.85% 21,112 2.75% 235,880 30.74% 25-34 Years 95,615 6.15% 42,696 2.75% 489,786 31.52% 35-44 Years 73,173 5.86% 38,105 3.05% 394,831 31.64% 45-54 Years 41,434 5.27% 27,004 3.44% 256,849 32.69% 55-64 Years 17,923 4.29% 15,223 3.64% 132,808 31.78% 65+ Years 7,301 3.60% 9,498 4.69% 70,068 34.58% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 5,422 10.16% 1,794 3.36% 15,419 28.90% Straight/Heterosexual 284,313 5.67% 154,367 3.08% 1,589,560 31.72% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 273,425 5.79% 147,355 3.12% 1,489,270 31.53% Limited/No English Fluency 16,310 4.78% 8,806 2.58% 115,709 33.88% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 4,645 8.82% 905 1.72% 9,144 17.37% No Disability 285,090 5.69% 155,256 3.10% 1,595,835 31.84% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 270,475 5.54% 152,327 3.12% 1,560,147 31.95% Unhoused 19,260 10.62% 3,834 2.11% 44,832 24.71% Overall 289,735 5.72% 156,161 3.08% 1,604,979 31.69% % Custodial % Custodial Citation for In-field Cite % In-field Arrest Identity Citation Arrest Pursuant Subgroup Infraction & Release Cite & Pursuant to Group for to Outstanding Count Count Release Outstanding Infraction Warrant Count Warrant yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 178,911 60.18% 6,061 2.04% 2,173 0.73% Black 226,359 36.96% 25,056 4.09% 23,017 3.76% Hispanic/Latine(x) 1,040,105 47.42% 82,593 3.77% 51,622 2.35% Middle Eastern/South Asian 170,616 62.02% 4,610 1.68% 1,259 0.46% Multiracial 29,234 46.81% 2,250 3.60% 1,786 2.86% Native American 4,339 32.66% 766 5.77% 806 6.07% Pacific Islander 12,530 46.85% 900 3.37% 673 2.52% White 716,438 45.22% 60,307 3.81% 44,864 2.83% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 724,629 51.37% 47,222 3.35% 24,997 1.77% Cisgender Man/Boy 1,629,624 45.34% 132,348 3.68% 98,859 2.75% Nonbinary Person 19,683 48.70% 1,686 4.17% 1,252 3.10% Transgender Man/Boy 2,858 22.10% 809 6.26% 696 5.38% Transgender Woman/Girl 1,738 23.93% 478 6.58% 396 5.45% puorG egA 1-9 Years 1,228 28.21% 114 2.62% 61 1.40% 10-14 Years 1,877 13.74% 1,225 8.97% 204 1.49% 15-17 Years 23,234 32.26% 4,204 5.84% 986 1.37% 18-24 Years 395,933 51.60% 19,862 2.59% 7,640 1.00% 25-34 Years 721,592 46.44% 53,208 3.42% 40,760 2.62% 35-44 Years 559,628 44.85% 52,115 4.18% 43,178 3.46% 45-54 Years 365,221 46.49% 31,120 3.96% 22,165 2.82% 55-64 Years 208,749 49.95% 15,403 3.69% 9,000 2.15% 65+ Years 101,070 49.88% 5,292 2.61% 2,206 1.09% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 16,861 31.60% 2,853 5.35% 2,442 4.58% Straight/Heterosexual 2,361,671 47.12% 179,690 3.59% 123,758 2.47% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 2,226,158 47.13% 169,789 3.59% 119,191 2.52% Limited/No English Fluency 152,374 44.61% 12,754 3.73% 7,009 2.05% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 6,430 12.21% 2,773 5.27% 3,703 7.03% No Disability 2,372,102 47.32% 179,770 3.59% 122,497 2.44% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 2,365,262 48.43% 157,158 3.22% 99,291 2.03% Unhoused 13,270 7.32% 25,385 13.99% 26,909 14.83% Overall 2,378,532 46.96% 182,543 3.60% 126,200 2.49% Custodial % Field % % Field Noncriminal Arrest Custodial Interview Noncriminal Identity Interview or Caretaking Subgroup Without Arrest Card or Group Card Transport Warrant Without Completed Caretaking Completed Count Count Warrant Count Transport yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 9,450 3.18% 4,408 1.48% 487 0.16% Black 57,521 9.39% 45,057 7.36% 2,508 0.41% Hispanic/Latine(x) 168,863 7.70% 71,338 3.25% 4,155 0.19% Middle Eastern/South Asian 6,831 2.48% 3,709 1.35% 277 0.10% Multiracial 4,076 6.53% 1,857 2.97% 246 0.39% Native American 1,832 13.79% 269 2.02% 76 0.57% Pacific Islander 1,817 6.79% 750 2.80% 79 0.30% White 99,722 6.29% 34,458 2.17% 4,910 0.31% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 73,034 5.18% 31,913 2.26% 4,028 0.29% Cisgender Man/Boy 271,506 7.55% 127,917 3.56% 8,466 0.24% Nonbinary Person 2,971 7.35% 665 1.65% 116 0.29% Transgender Man/Boy 1,663 12.86% 823 6.37% 67 0.52% Transgender Woman/Girl 938 12.91% 528 7.27% 61 0.84% puorG egA 1-9 Years 143 3.29% 167 3.84% 64 1.47% 10-14 Years 1,731 12.67% 1,253 9.17% 452 3.31% 15-17 Years 7,368 10.23% 5,649 7.84% 972 1.35% 18-24 Years 43,312 5.64% 25,480 3.32% 1,256 0.16% 25-34 Years 120,947 7.78% 54,043 3.48% 3,418 0.22% 35-44 Years 98,992 7.93% 40,900 3.28% 3,009 0.24% 45-54 Years 49,265 6.27% 20,601 2.62% 1,781 0.23% 55-64 Years 21,111 5.05% 10,086 2.41% 1,004 0.24% 65+ Years 7,243 3.57% 3,667 1.81% 782 0.39% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 7,692 14.42% 2,534 4.75% 394 0.74% Straight/Heterosexual 342,420 6.83% 159,312 3.18% 12,344 0.25% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 317,088 6.71% 150,591 3.19% 11,862 0.25% Limited/No English Fluency 33,024 9.67% 11,255 3.30% 876 0.26% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 9,497 18.04% 6,064 11.52% 2,668 5.07% No Disability 340,615 6.80% 155,782 3.11% 10,070 0.20% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 310,560 6.36% 138,680 2.84% 10,002 0.20% Unhoused 39,552 21.80% 23,166 12.77% 2,736 1.51% Overall 350,112 6.91% 161,846 3.20% 12,738 0.25% Contacted % Contacted US % Contacted Parent/ Contacted % Department US Identity Psychiatric Subgroup Legal Parent Psychiatric of Homeland Department Group Hold Count Guardian /Legal Hold Security of Homeland Count Guardian Count Security yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 257 0.09% 1,845 0.62% 34 0.01% Black 1,725 0.28% 6,990 1.14% 94 0.02% Hispanic/Latine(x) 4,707 0.21% 10,367 0.47% 223 0.01% Middle Eastern/South Asian 186 0.07% 918 0.33% 26 0.01% Multiracial 185 0.30% 640 1.02% 10 0.02% Native American 43 0.32% 128 0.96% 0 0.00% Pacific Islander 50 0.19% 239 0.89% 2 0.01% White 2,123 0.13% 14,003 0.88% 149 0.01% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 2,687 0.19% 14,153 1.00% 148 0.01% Cisgender Man/Boy 6,454 0.18% 19,883 0.55% 378 0.01% Nonbinary Person 62 0.15% 508 1.26% 9 0.02% Transgender Man/Boy 42 0.32% 307 2.37% 1 0.01% Transgender Woman/Girl 31 0.43% 279 3.84% 2 0.03% puorG egA 1-9 Years 74 1.70% 128 2.94% 1 0.02% 10-14 Years 1,995 14.61% 1,816 13.30% 14 0.10% 15-17 Years 5,464 7.59% 2,954 4.10% 18 0.02% 18-24 Years 1,034 0.13% 4,380 0.57% 71 0.01% 25-34 Years 281 0.02% 9,367 0.60% 156 0.01% 35-44 Years 205 0.02% 7,315 0.59% 126 0.01% 45-54 Years 123 0.02% 4,209 0.54% 89 0.01% 55-64 Years 52 0.01% 2,774 0.66% 47 0.01% 65+ Years 48 0.02% 2,187 1.08% 16 0.01% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 164 0.31% 1,442 2.70% 14 0.03% Straight/Heterosexual 9,112 0.18% 33,688 0.67% 524 0.01% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 8,732 0.18% 33,369 0.71% 496 0.01% Limited/No English Fluency 544 0.16% 1,761 0.52% 42 0.01% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 341 0.65% 14,171 26.91% 16 0.03% No Disability 8,935 0.18% 20,959 0.42% 522 0.01% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 9,184 0.19% 29,948 0.61% 519 0.01% Unhoused 92 0.05% 5,182 2.86% 19 0.01% Overall 9,276 0.18% 35,130 0.69% 538 0.01% Referral to Referral to School % Referral to % Referral to Identity School Counselor or School Counselor Subgroup School Group Administrator Other Support or Other Support Administrator Count Staff Count Staff yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 27 0.01% 22 0.01% Black 183 0.03% 75 0.01% Hispanic/Latine(x) 719 0.03% 372 0.02% Middle Eastern/South Asian 15 0.01% 4 < 0.01% Multiracial 26 0.04% 15 0.02% Native American 2 0.02% 3 0.02% Pacific Islander 5 0.02% 3 0.01% White 172 0.01% 121 0.01% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 322 0.02% 219 0.02% Cisgender Man/Boy 802 0.02% 381 0.01% Nonbinary Person 12 0.03% 4 0.01% Transgender Man/Boy 10 0.08% 10 0.08% Transgender Woman/Girl 3 0.04% 1 0.01% puorG egA 1-9 Years 8 0.18% 8 0.18% 10-14 Years 411 3.01% 262 1.92% 15-17 Years 700 0.97% 322 0.45% 18-24 Years 27 < 0.01% 21 < 0.01% 25-34 Years 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 35-44 Years 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 45-54 Years 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 55-64 Years 2 < 0.01% 1 < 0.01% 65+ Years 1 < 0.01% 1 < 0.01% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 31 0.06% 24 0.04% Straight/Heterosexual 1,118 0.02% 591 0.01% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 1,082 0.02% 595 0.01% Limited/No English Fluency 67 0.02% 20 0.01% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 67 0.13% 66 0.13% No Disability 1,082 0.02% 549 0.01% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 1,146 0.02% 613 0.01% Unhoused 3 < 0.01% 2 < 0.01% Overall 1,149 0.02% 615 0.01% Table A21: Type of Stop by Perceived Identity Group Identity Bicycle Pedestrian % Vehicular % Subgroup % Bicycle Total Stops Group Count Count Pedestrian Count Vehicular yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 2,232 0.75% 18,428 6.20% 276,735 93.05% 297,395 (100.00%) Black 4,979 0.81% 132,020 21.56% 475,444 77.63% 612,443 (100.00%) Hispanic/Latine(x) 25,220 1.15% 282,793 12.89% 1,885,604 85.96% 2,193,617 (100.00%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 1,241 0.45% 12,285 4.47% 261,580 95.08% 275,106 (100.00%) Multiracial 684 1.09% 9,204 14.73% 52,591 84.17% 62,479 (100.00%) Native American 166 1.25% 3,050 22.96% 10,070 75.79% 13,286 (100.00%) Pacific Islander 197 0.74% 3,330 12.45% 23,221 86.81% 26,748 (100.00%) White 19,507 1.23% 244,527 15.43% 1,320,320 83.33% 1,584,354 (100.00%) redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 5,124 0.36% 158,753 11.25% 1,246,736 88.38% 1,410,613 (100.00%) Cisgender Man/Boy 48,325 1.34% 533,788 14.85% 3,012,082 83.80% 3,594,195 (100.00%) Nonbinary Person 471 1.17% 6,717 16.62% 33,231 82.22% 40,419 (100.00%) Transgender Man/Boy 229 1.77% 3,918 30.28% 8,791 67.95% 12,938 (100.00%) Transgender Woman/Girl 77 1.06% 2,461 33.88% 4,725 65.06% 7,263 (100.00%) puorG egA 1-9 Years 58 1.33% 837 19.12% 3,482 79.55% 4,377 (100.00%) 10-14 Years 1,388 10.16% 8,342 61.07% 3,929 28.76% 13,659 (100.00%) 15-17 Years 2,353 3.27% 24,447 33.93% 45,241 62.80% 72,041 (100.00%) 18-24 Years 5,390 0.70% 67,576 8.81% 694,383 90.49% 767,349 (100.00%) 25-34 Years 14,204 0.91% 212,912 13.70% 1,326,803 85.38% 1,553,919 (100.00%) 35-44 Years 16,826 1.35% 204,796 16.41% 1,026,289 82.24% 1,247,911 (100.00%) 45-54 Years 9,634 1.23% 114,456 14.57% 661,541 84.21% 785,631 (100.00%) 55-64 Years 3,587 0.86% 53,542 12.81% 360,784 86.33% 417,913 (100.00%) 65+ Years 786 0.39% 18,729 9.24% 183,113 90.37% 202,628 (100.00%) lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 620 1.16% 15,318 28.71% 37,421 70.13% 53,359 (100.00%) Straight/Heterosexual 53,606 1.07% 690,319 13.77% 4,268,144 85.16% 5,012,069 (100.00%) hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 50,610 1.07% 662,052 14.02% 4,011,195 84.91% 4,723,857 (100.00%) Limited/No English Fluency 3,616 1.06% 43,585 12.76% 294,370 86.18% 341,571 (100.00%) ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 477 0.91% 37,766 71.73% 14,408 27.37% 52,651 (100.00%) No Disability 53,749 1.07% 667,871 13.32% 4,291,157 85.60% 5,012,777 (100.00%) gnisuoH sutatS Identity Bicycle Pedestrian % Vehicular % Subgroup % Bicycle Total Stops Group Count Count Pedestrian Count Vehicular Housed 47,677 0.98% 549,417 11.25% 4,286,927 87.77% 4,884,021 (100.00%) Unhoused 6,549 3.61% 156,220 86.12% 18,638 10.27% 181,407 (100.00%) Overall 54,226 1.07% 705,637 13.93% 4,305,565 85.00% 5,065,428 (100.00%) Table A22: Search and Terry Frisk Rate by Type of Stop and Perceived Identity Group Bicycle Search % Bicycle Vehicular % Vehicular Pedestrian % Pedestrian Identity Subgroup and Terry Search and Search and Search and Search and Search and Group Count Terry Terry Count Terry Terry Count Terry yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 244 10.93% 5,580 2.02% 7,733 42.00% Black 1,816 36.47% 51,941 10.93% 62,871 47.63% Hispanic/Latine(x) 10,419 41.32% 139,744 7.41% 135,941 48.07% Middle Eastern/South Asian 105 8.46% 4,569 1.75% 5,258 42.80% Multiracial 247 36.11% 3,192 6.07% 4,305 46.83% Native American 46 27.71% 946 9.39% 1,554 50.95% Pacific Islander 75 38.07% 1,209 5.21% 1,535 46.10% White 5,089 26.09% 59,697 4.52% 103,646 42.39% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 933 18.21% 43,563 3.49% 59,006 37.17% Cisgender Man/Boy 16,855 34.88% 220,246 7.31% 258,417 48.42% Nonbinary Person 168 35.67% 1,838 5.53% 2,625 39.08% Transgender Man/Boy 59 25.76% 853 9.70% 1,784 45.53% Transgender Woman/Girl 26 33.77% 378 8.00% 1,011 41.08% puorG egA 1-9 Years 6 10.34% 96 2.77% 228 27.34% 10-14 Years 59 4.25% 596 15.17% 2,943 35.28% 15-17 Years 253 10.75% 5,615 12.41% 11,007 45.03% 18-24 Years 944 17.51% 50,548 7.28% 31,804 47.07% 25-34 Years 5,501 38.74% 97,068 7.32% 103,319 48.53% 35-44 Years 6,792 40.37% 66,471 6.48% 97,501 47.61% 45-54 Years 3,312 34.38% 31,132 4.71% 49,062 42.87% 55-64 Years 1,031 28.74% 11,803 3.27% 20,613 38.50% 65+ Years 143 18.19% 3,549 1.94% 6,366 34.00% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 16,797 33.19% 242,488 6.05% 301,646 45.57% Limited/No English Fluency 1,244 34.40% 24,390 8.29% 21,197 48.64% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 181 29.19% 3,374 9.02% 6,874 44.88% Straight/Heterosexual 17,860 33.32% 263,504 6.17% 315,969 45.78% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 194 40.67% 2,041 14.17% 19,103 50.59% No Disability 17,847 33.21% 264,837 6.17% 303,740 45.48% gnisuoH sutatS Bicycle Search % Bicycle Vehicular % Vehicular Pedestrian % Pedestrian Identity Subgroup and Terry Search and Search and Search and Search and Search and Group Count Terry Terry Count Terry Terry Count Terry Housed 14,956 31.37% 260,174 6.07% 254,645 46.35% Unhoused 3,085 47.11% 6,704 35.98% 68,198 43.66% Overall 18,041 33.27% 266,878 6.20% 322,843 45.75% Table A23: Contraband Discovery Rate by Type of Stop and Perceived Identity Group Bicycle Vehicular % Pedestrian % Identity % Bicycle Subgroup Discovery Discovery Vehicular Discovery Pedestrian Group Discovery Count Count Discovery Count Discovery yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 80 32.79% 1,221 21.88% 1,823 23.57% Black 651 35.85% 13,396 25.79% 17,298 27.51% Hispanic/Latine(x) 3,492 33.52% 30,419 21.77% 36,470 26.83% Middle Eastern/South Asian 33 31.43% 864 18.91% 1,177 22.38% Multiracial 100 40.49% 885 27.73% 1,251 29.06% Native American 17 36.96% 250 26.43% 368 23.68% Pacific Islander 32 42.67% 308 25.48% 401 26.12% White 1,826 35.88% 17,210 28.83% 29,259 28.23% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 346 37.08% 11,312 25.97% 14,288 24.21% Cisgender Man/Boy 5,786 34.33% 52,410 23.80% 72,375 28.01% Nonbinary Person 69 41.07% 498 27.09% 678 25.83% Transgender Man/Boy 22 37.29% 211 24.74% 449 25.17% Transgender Woman/Girl 8 30.77% 122 32.28% 257 25.42% puorG egA 1-9 Years 1 16.67% 29 30.21% 71 31.14% 10-14 Years 14 23.73% 136 22.82% 583 19.81% 15-17 Years 47 18.58% 1,477 26.30% 2,910 26.44% 18-24 Years 235 24.89% 11,150 22.06% 7,888 24.80% 25-34 Years 1,899 34.52% 22,132 22.80% 28,252 27.34% 35-44 Years 2,417 35.59% 17,586 26.46% 27,831 28.54% 45-54 Years 1,212 36.59% 8,199 26.34% 13,761 28.05% 55-64 Years 357 34.63% 3,079 26.09% 5,347 25.94% 65+ Years 49 34.27% 765 21.56% 1,404 22.05% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 64 35.36% 858 25.43% 1,663 24.19% Straight/Heterosexual 6,167 34.53% 63,695 24.17% 86,384 27.34% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 5,793 34.49% 60,008 24.75% 82,249 27.27% Limited/No English Fluency 438 35.21% 4,545 18.63% 5,798 27.35% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 50 25.77% 502 24.60% 3,202 16.76% No Disability 6,181 34.63% 64,051 24.19% 84,845 27.93% gnisuoH sutatS Bicycle Vehicular % Pedestrian % Identity % Bicycle Subgroup Discovery Discovery Vehicular Discovery Pedestrian Group Discovery Count Count Discovery Count Discovery Housed 4,965 33.20% 61,911 23.80% 65,899 25.88% Unhoused 1,266 41.04% 2,642 39.41% 22,148 32.48% Overall 6,231 34.54% 64,553 24.19% 88,047 27.27% Table A24: Search and Discovery Rate by Perceived Identity Group Contraband/ % Contraband/ Identity Searched % Subgroup Evidence Evidence Total Stop Count Group Count Searched Discovered Count Discovered yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 13,557 4.56% 3,124 23.04% 297,281 Black 116,628 19.04% 31,345 26.88% 612,395 Hispanic/Latine(x) 286,104 13.04% 70,381 24.60% 2,193,212 Middle Eastern/South Asian 9,932 3.61% 2,074 20.88% 275,096 Multiracial 7,744 12.40% 2,236 28.87% 62,451 Native American 2,546 19.16% 635 24.94% 13,286 Pacific Islander 2,819 10.54% 741 26.29% 26,745 White 168,432 10.63% 48,295 28.67% 1,584,285 redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 103,502 7.34% 25,946 25.07% 1,410,429 Cisgender Man/Boy 495,518 13.79% 130,571 26.35% 3,593,708 Nonbinary Person 4,631 11.46% 1,245 26.88% 40,413 Transgender Man/Boy 2,696 20.84% 682 25.30% 12,938 Transgender Woman/Girl 1,415 19.48% 387 27.35% 7,263 puorG egA 1-9 Years 330 7.58% 101 30.61% 4,352 10-14 Years 3,598 26.35% 733 20.37% 13,657 15-17 Years 16,875 23.43% 4,434 26.28% 72,033 18-24 Years 83,296 10.86% 19,273 23.14% 767,243 25-34 Years 205,888 13.25% 52,283 25.39% 1,553,708 35-44 Years 170,764 13.69% 47,834 28.01% 1,247,746 45-54 Years 83,506 10.63% 23,172 27.75% 785,532 55-64 Years 33,447 8.00% 8,783 26.26% 417,874 65+ Years 10,058 4.96% 2,218 22.05% 202,606 lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 10,429 19.55% 2,585 24.79% 53,353 Straight/Heterosexual 597,333 11.92% 156,246 26.16% 5,011,398 hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 560,931 11.88% 148,050 26.39% 4,723,212 Limited/No English Fluency 46,831 13.71% 10,781 23.02% 341,539 ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 21,338 40.53% 3,754 17.59% 52,643 No Disability 586,424 11.70% 155,077 26.44% 5,012,108 gnisuoH sutatS Contraband/ % Contraband/ Identity Searched % Subgroup Evidence Evidence Total Stop Count Group Count Searched Discovered Count Discovered Housed 529,775 10.85% 132,775 25.06% 4,883,366 Unhoused 77,987 43.00% 26,056 33.41% 181,385 Overall 607,762 12.00% 158,831 26.13% 5,064,751 Table A25: Search Rate by Basis for Search Type and Perceived Identity Group Non- % Non- Consent Only Identity % Consent Subgroup Discretionary Discretionary Searches Group Only Searches Search Count Searches Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 6,665 55.26% 1,670 13.85% Black 45,008 46.75% 9,042 9.39% Hispanic/Latine(x) 118,638 49.77% 36,045 15.12% Middle Eastern/South Asian 5,040 58.54% 1,050 12.20% Multiracial 3,234 47.78% 734 10.84% Native American 1,580 66.75% 175 7.39% Pacific Islander 1,449 57.02% 293 11.53% White 80,918 53.25% 17,799 11.71% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 54,156 58.66% 10,076 10.91% Cisgender Man/Boy 204,596 48.84% 55,888 13.34% Nonbinary Person 1,833 43.72% 490 11.69% Transgender Man/Boy 1,211 53.97% 244 10.87% Transgender Woman/Girl 736 58.55% 110 8.75% puorG egA 1-9 Years 135 47.37% 39 13.68% 10-14 Years 1,237 46.68% 238 8.98% 15-17 Years 5,266 44.20% 1,316 11.05% 18-24 Years 30,665 46.74% 8,583 13.08% 25-34 Years 87,544 50.04% 21,977 12.56% 35-44 Years 76,239 50.62% 19,681 13.07% 45-54 Years 38,789 52.37% 10,323 13.94% 55-64 Years 16,973 56.83% 3,742 12.53% 65+ Years 5,684 63.16% 909 10.10% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 5,252 56.57% 984 10.60% Straight/Heterosexual 257,280 50.48% 65,824 12.91% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 237,799 49.67% 61,228 12.79% Limited/No English Fluency 24,733 61.54% 5,580 13.88% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 9,434 53.17% 1,413 7.96% No Disability 253,098 50.50% 65,395 13.05% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 226,849 50.42% 58,280 12.95% Unhoused 35,683 51.70% 8,528 12.36% Overall 262,532 50.59% 66,808 12.87% Table A26: Basis for Search Discovery Rate Comparison by Perceived Identity Group Consent Only Non- % Consent % Non- Identity Search Discretionary Subgroup Only Search Discretionary Group Discovery Search Discovery Discovery Count Discovery Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 344 20.60% 1,432 21.49% Black 1,500 16.59% 13,460 29.91% Hispanic/Latine(x) 6,970 19.34% 29,461 24.83% Middle Eastern/South Asian 198 18.86% 1,038 20.60% Multiracial 141 19.21% 984 30.43% Native American 32 18.29% 358 22.66% Pacific Islander 74 25.26% 378 26.09% White 4,300 24.16% 22,205 27.44% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 2,397 23.79% 12,219 22.56% Cisgender Man/Boy 10,988 19.66% 56,053 27.40% Nonbinary Person 98 20.00% 514 28.04% Transgender Man/Boy 49 20.08% 333 27.50% Transgender Woman/Girl 27 24.55% 197 26.77% puorG egA 1-9 Years 9 23.08% 54 40.00% 10-14 Years 36 15.13% 323 26.11% 15-17 Years 204 15.50% 1,724 32.74% 18-24 Years 1,133 13.20% 6,948 22.66% 25-34 Years 4,201 19.12% 22,466 25.66% 35-44 Years 4,482 22.77% 21,737 28.51% 45-54 Years 2,444 23.68% 10,653 27.46% 55-64 Years 855 22.85% 4,262 25.11% 65+ Years 195 21.45% 1,149 20.21% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 222 22.56% 1,232 23.46% Straight/Heterosexual 13,337 20.26% 68,084 26.46% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 12,478 20.38% 63,818 26.84% Limited/No English Fluency 1,081 19.37% 5,498 22.23% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 227 16.07% 1,951 20.68% No Disability 13,332 20.39% 67,365 26.62% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 11,225 19.26% 56,585 24.94% Unhoused 2,334 27.37% 12,731 35.68% Overall 13,559 20.30% 69,316 26.40% Consent Plus Other % Consent Plus % Other Other Basis for Identity Discretionary Other Basis for Subgroup Discretionary Search Group Search Search Discovery Discovery Discovery Discovery Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 755 30.79% 470 36.89% Black 10,147 31.59% 3,581 35.46% Hispanic/Latine(x) 18,121 31.91% 9,444 35.11% Middle Eastern/South Asian 478 27.90% 272 33.71% Multiracial 622 34.01% 378 38.89% Native American 181 38.19% 54 39.13% Pacific Islander 183 33.09% 92 37.40% White 14,490 36.75% 5,719 41.38% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 7,095 35.48% 3,117 38.50% Cisgender Man/Boy 37,245 32.88% 16,548 36.63% Nonbinary Person 359 29.38% 215 33.18% Transgender Man/Boy 183 32.74% 72 31.30% Transgender Woman/Girl 95 31.46% 58 53.21% puorG egA 1-9 Years 24 26.67% 8 38.10% 10-14 Years 201 21.45% 78 32.77% 15-17 Years 1,412 33.36% 399 36.31% 18-24 Years 6,512 32.98% 2,284 34.58% 25-34 Years 15,059 32.15% 6,592 35.44% 35-44 Years 13,129 34.14% 6,219 38.28% 45-54 Years 5,930 34.63% 3,068 39.17% 55-64 Years 2,214 35.11% 1,086 38.16% 65+ Years 496 30.34% 276 35.75% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 637 32.37% 386 35.74% Straight/Heterosexual 44,340 33.24% 19,624 36.90% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 43,119 33.28% 18,523 36.90% Limited/No English Fluency 1,858 31.96% 1,487 36.60% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 938 17.20% 373 25.85% No Disability 44,039 33.90% 19,637 37.18% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 38,412 32.54% 16,783 35.88% Unhoused 6,565 37.91% 3,227 43.09% Overall 44,977 33.23% 20,010 36.88% Table A27: Consent Type by Perceived Identity Group Verbal Implied Written Identity % Verbal % Implied % Written Stops Involving Subgroup Consent Consent Consent Group Consent Consent Consent Consent Count Count Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 2,849 97.14% 47 1.60% 37 1.26% 2,933 (100.00%) Black 18,706 97.88% 274 1.43% 131 0.69% 19,111 (100.00%) Hispanic/Latine(x) 61,308 97.60% 1,028 1.64% 480 0.76% 62,816 (100.00%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 1,783 96.53% 41 2.22% 23 1.25% 1,847 (100.00%) Multiracial 1,660 97.36% 36 2.11% 9 0.53% 1,705 (100.00%) Native American 308 98.72% 4 1.28% 0 0.00% 312 (100.00%) Pacific Islander 528 97.96% 6 1.11% 5 0.93% 539 (100.00%) White 30,794 97.68% 544 1.73% 188 0.60% 31,526 (100.00%) redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 17,648 97.35% 317 1.75% 163 0.90% 18,128 (100.00%) Cisgender Man/Boy 98,537 97.72% 1,596 1.58% 699 0.69% 100,832 (100.00%) Nonbinary Person 1,085 95.43% 48 4.22% 4 0.35% 1,137 (100.00%) Transgender Man/Boy 454 95.98% 12 2.54% 7 1.48% 473 (100.00%) Transgender Woman/Girl 212 96.80% 7 3.20% 0 0.00% 219 (100.00%) puorG egA 1-9 Years 56 93.33% 3 5.00% 1 1.67% 60 (100.00%) 10-14 Years 451 95.15% 12 2.53% 11 2.32% 474 (100.00%) 15-17 Years 2,327 96.68% 55 2.29% 25 1.04% 2,407 (100.00%) 18-24 Years 14,840 97.88% 217 1.43% 104 0.69% 15,161 (100.00%) 25-34 Years 39,544 97.65% 681 1.68% 272 0.67% 40,497 (100.00%) 35-44 Years 35,031 97.75% 564 1.57% 241 0.67% 35,836 (100.00%) 45-54 Years 17,696 97.74% 281 1.55% 129 0.71% 18,106 (100.00%) 55-64 Years 6,390 97.22% 120 1.83% 63 0.96% 6,573 (100.00%) 65+ Years 1,601 95.58% 47 2.81% 27 1.61% 1,675 (100.00%) lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 2,016 97.82% 38 1.84% 7 0.34% 2,061 (100.00%) Straight/Heterosexual 115,920 97.63% 1,942 1.64% 866 0.73% 118,728 (100.00%) hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 108,638 97.73% 1,777 1.60% 748 0.67% 111,163 (100.00%) Limited/No English Fluency 9,298 96.59% 203 2.11% 125 1.30% 9,626 (100.00%) ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 2,703 95.28% 121 4.27% 13 0.46% 2,837 (100.00%) No Disability 115,233 97.69% 1,859 1.58% 860 0.73% 117,952 (100.00%) gnisuoH sutatS Verbal Implied Written Identity % Verbal % Implied % Written Stops Involving Subgroup Consent Consent Consent Group Consent Consent Consent Consent Count Count Count Housed 102,338 97.63% 1,651 1.58% 832 0.79% 104,821 (100.00%) Unhoused 15,598 97.68% 329 2.06% 41 0.26% 15,968 (100.00%) Overall 117,936 97.64% 1,980 1.64% 873 0.72% 120,789 (100.00%) Table A28: Consent Inquiries by Perceived Identity Group Officer % Officer Did Not Consented % % Did Not Identity Asked for Asked for Consent to Subgroup to Search Consented Consent to Group Consent to Consent to Search Count to Search Search Search Count Search Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 4,331 1.46% 3,630 83.81% 701 16.19% Black 28,771 4.70% 24,821 86.27% 3,950 13.73% Hispanic/Latine(x) 93,172 4.25% 80,765 86.68% 12,407 13.32% Middle Eastern/South Asian 2,812 1.02% 2,338 83.14% 474 16.86% Multiracial 2,458 3.94% 2,086 84.87% 372 15.13% Native American 500 3.76% 397 79.40% 103 20.60% Pacific Islander 852 3.19% 684 80.28% 168 19.72% White 49,095 3.10% 39,252 79.95% 9,843 20.05% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 27,441 1.95% 22,618 82.42% 4,823 17.58% Cisgender Man/Boy 151,778 4.22% 129,017 85.00% 22,761 15.00% Nonbinary Person 1,638 4.05% 1,454 88.77% 184 11.23% Transgender Man/Boy 759 5.87% 596 78.52% 163 21.48% Transgender Woman/Girl 375 5.16% 288 76.80% 87 23.20% puorG egA 1-9 Years 89 2.05% 77 86.52% 12 13.48% 10-14 Years 717 5.25% 602 83.96% 115 16.04% 15-17 Years 3,765 5.23% 3,107 82.52% 658 17.48% 18-24 Years 23,285 3.03% 20,209 86.79% 3,076 13.21% 25-34 Years 61,511 3.96% 52,479 85.32% 9,032 14.68% 35-44 Years 53,242 4.27% 44,734 84.02% 8,508 15.98% 45-54 Years 27,012 3.44% 22,589 83.63% 4,423 16.37% 55-64 Years 9,842 2.36% 8,120 82.50% 1,722 17.50% 65+ Years 2,528 1.25% 2,056 81.33% 472 18.67% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 3,168 5.94% 2,618 82.64% 550 17.36% Straight/Heterosexual 178,823 3.57% 151,355 84.64% 27,468 15.36% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 167,967 3.56% 141,858 84.46% 26,109 15.54% Limited/No English Fluency 14,024 4.11% 12,115 86.39% 1,909 13.61% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 4,398 8.35% 3,691 83.92% 707 16.08% No Disability 177,593 3.54% 150,282 84.62% 27,311 15.38% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 157,728 3.23% 133,558 84.68% 24,170 15.32% Unhoused 24,263 13.38% 20,415 84.14% 3,848 15.86% Overall 181,991 3.59% 153,973 84.60% 28,018 15.40% Not Consented & % Not Identity % Consented Consented & Total Stop Subgroup Searched Consented & Group & Searched Searched Count Count Searched Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 2,994 82.48% 414 59.06% 297,395 Black 18,807 75.77% 2,259 57.19% 612,443 Hispanic/Latine(x) 64,206 79.50% 7,285 58.72% 2,193,617 Middle Eastern/South Asian 1,872 80.07% 287 60.55% 275,106 Multiracial 1,748 83.80% 233 62.63% 62,479 Native American 330 83.12% 59 57.28% 13,286 Pacific Islander 558 81.58% 82 48.81% 26,748 White 33,099 84.32% 6,007 61.03% 1,584,354 redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 18,565 82.08% 2,961 61.39% 1,410,613 Cisgender Man/Boy 103,161 79.96% 13,417 58.95% 3,594,195 Nonbinary Person 1,173 80.67% 112 60.87% 40,419 Transgender Man/Boy 482 80.87% 83 50.92% 12,938 Transgender Woman/Girl 233 80.90% 53 60.92% 7,263 puorG egA 1-9 Years 62 80.52% 4 33.33% 4,377 10-14 Years 463 76.91% 71 61.74% 13,659 15-17 Years 2,406 77.44% 384 58.36% 72,041 18-24 Years 15,246 75.44% 1,620 52.67% 767,349 25-34 Years 41,404 78.90% 5,375 59.51% 1,553,919 35-44 Years 36,952 82.60% 5,194 61.05% 1,247,911 45-54 Years 18,660 82.61% 2,673 60.43% 785,631 55-64 Years 6,713 82.67% 1,026 59.58% 417,913 65+ Years 1,708 83.07% 279 59.11% 202,628 lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 2,109 80.56% 343 62.36% 53,359 Straight/Heterosexual 121,505 80.28% 16,283 59.28% 5,012,069 hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 114,115 80.44% 15,484 59.31% 4,723,857 Limited/No English Fluency 9,499 78.41% 1,142 59.82% 341,571 ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 2,841 76.97% 352 49.79% 52,651 No Disability 120,773 80.36% 16,274 59.59% 5,012,777 gnisuoH sutatS Housed 107,232 80.29% 14,282 59.09% 4,884,021 Unhoused 16,382 80.24% 2,344 60.91% 181,407 Overall 123,614 80.28% 16,626 59.34% 5,065,428 Table A29: Stop Initiation Type by Result of Stop and Perceived Identity Group Officer- Call for Officer-Initiated Call for Service % Officer- % Call for % Officer-Initiated % Call for Service Result of Stop Initiated Service (No Traffic Stops) (No Traffic Stops) Initiated Service (No Traffic Stops) (No Traffic Stops) Count Count Count Count Citation 2,327,853 50.43% 27,619 6.15% 30,252 7.28% 7,168 1.86% Custody (Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant & 249,214 5.40% 204,470 45.51% 128,346 30.89% 192,999 50.00% Custodial Arrest Without Warrant) In-Field Cite & Release 141,910 3.07% 33,731 7.51% 58,099 13.98% 28,951 7.50% Arrest (Custody and In-Field Cite 391,124 8.47% 238,201 53.02% 186,445 44.87% 221,950 57.50% & Release) Warning 1,609,384 34.87% 70,328 15.65% 98,940 23.81% 51,527 13.35% Other 53,007 1.15% 57,877 12.88% 39,186 9.43% 57,027 14.77% None 234,458 5.08% 55,277 12.30% 60,696 14.61% 48,349 12.52% Total 4,615,826 100.00% 449,302 100.00% 415,519 100.00% 386,021 100.00% Table A30: Regression Predicting the Change in Chances of Being Searched or Frisked Standard Test Variable Coefficient p Value Error Statistic Intercept -0.583 0.028 -20.976 < 0.001 Asian -0.551 0.010 -54.743 < 0.001 Black 0.523 0.005 105.696 < 0.001 Hispanic/Latine(x) 0.272 0.004 69.254 < 0.001 Other Race -0.378 0.008 -46.716 < 0.001 Cisgender Woman/Girl -0.697 0.004 -170.132 < 0.001 Non-Cisgender -0.360 0.015 -24.716 < 0.001 1-9 Years -0.471 0.068 -6.921 < 0.001 15-17 Years 0.670 0.024 27.573 < 0.001 18-24 Years 0.705 0.022 31.569 < 0.001 25-34 Years 0.712 0.022 32.218 < 0.001 35-44 Years 0.657 0.022 29.693 < 0.001 45-54 Years 0.407 0.022 18.224 < 0.001 55-64 Years 0.139 0.023 6.083 < 0.001 65+ Years -0.216 0.025 -8.759 < 0.001 Straight/Heterosexual -0.072 0.014 -5.180 < 0.001 Limited/No English Fluency 0.214 0.006 34.604 < 0.001 No Disability -0.051 0.011 -4.744 < 0.001 Unhoused 0.134 0.006 22.930 < 0.001 Officer-Initiated Stop -0.531 0.005 -117.728 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Other 0.884 0.005 168.724 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Traffic -2.260 0.004 -518.600 < 0.001 Table A31: Regression Predicting the Change in Chances of Being Handcuffed Standard Test Variable Coefficient p Value Error Statistic Intercept -0.184 0.029 -6.437 < 0.001 Asian -0.405 0.011 -36.348 < 0.001 Black 0.542 0.005 99.363 < 0.001 Hispanic/Latine(x) 0.291 0.004 66.020 < 0.001 Other Race -0.261 0.009 -28.780 < 0.001 Cisgender Woman/Girl -0.467 0.004 -105.489 < 0.001 Non-Cisgender -0.216 0.016 -13.864 < 0.001 1-9 Years -0.479 0.074 -6.451 < 0.001 15-17 Years 0.545 0.025 21.736 < 0.001 18-24 Years 0.690 0.023 30.027 < 0.001 25-34 Years 0.749 0.023 33.049 < 0.001 35-44 Years 0.662 0.023 29.164 < 0.001 45-54 Years 0.405 0.023 17.662 < 0.001 55-64 Years 0.183 0.024 7.745 < 0.001 65+ Years -0.175 0.026 -6.792 < 0.001 Straight/Heterosexual -0.079 0.015 -5.342 < 0.001 Limited/No English Fluency 0.289 0.007 42.091 < 0.001 No Disability -0.331 0.011 -30.562 < 0.001 Unhoused 0.042 0.006 7.073 < 0.001 Officer-Initiated Stop -1.002 0.005 -219.567 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Other 0.382 0.005 73.218 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Traffic -2.490 0.005 -527.179 < 0.001 Table A32: Regression Predicting the Change in Chances of Being Detained Standard Test Variable Coefficient p Value Error Statistic Intercept 0.042 0.026 1.607 0.108 Asian -0.439 0.009 -48.853 < 0.001 Black 0.260 0.005 54.160 < 0.001 Hispanic/Latine(x) 0.154 0.004 41.255 < 0.001 Other Race -0.299 0.007 -40.200 < 0.001 Cisgender Woman/Girl -0.272 0.004 -74.048 < 0.001 Non-Cisgender 0.032 0.013 2.377 0.017 1-9 Years -0.049 0.054 -0.915 0.36 15-17 Years 0.239 0.023 10.555 < 0.001 18-24 Years 0.051 0.021 2.435 0.015 25-34 Years 0.058 0.021 2.835 < 0.01 35-44 Years 0.065 0.021 3.148 < 0.01 45-54 Years -0.058 0.021 -2.784 < 0.01 55-64 Years -0.237 0.021 -11.144 < 0.001 65+ Years -0.508 0.023 -22.411 < 0.001 Straight/Heterosexual -0.131 0.013 -9.997 < 0.001 Limited/No English Fluency 0.009 0.006 1.405 0.16 No Disability 0.057 0.010 5.424 < 0.001 Unhoused 0.530 0.006 93.740 < 0.001 Officer-Initiated Stop -0.542 0.004 -123.727 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Other -0.016 0.005 -3.259 < 0.01 Reason for Stop: Traffic -2.209 0.004 -524.003 < 0.001 Table A33: Regression Predicting the Change in Chances of Being Asked for Consent to Search Standard Test Variable Coefficient p Value Error Statistic Intercept -2.855 0.047 -61.118 < 0.001 Asian -0.448 0.016 -27.629 < 0.001 Black 0.223 0.008 28.373 < 0.001 Hispanic/Latine(x) 0.318 0.006 52.664 < 0.001 Other Race -0.401 0.013 -29.771 < 0.001 Cisgender Woman/Girl -0.684 0.007 -100.846 < 0.001 Non-Cisgender -0.170 0.021 -7.961 < 0.001 1-9 Years -0.219 0.116 -1.895 0.058 15-17 Years 0.432 0.043 10.135 < 0.001 18-24 Years 0.529 0.040 13.334 < 0.001 25-34 Years 0.640 0.039 16.275 < 0.001 35-44 Years 0.661 0.039 16.796 < 0.001 45-54 Years 0.507 0.040 12.781 < 0.001 55-64 Years 0.195 0.041 4.820 < 0.001 65+ Years -0.271 0.044 -6.141 < 0.001 Straight/Heterosexual -0.168 0.020 -8.317 < 0.001 Limited/No English Fluency 0.069 0.009 7.266 < 0.001 No Disability 0.246 0.017 14.693 < 0.001 Unhoused 0.376 0.008 46.087 < 0.001 Officer-Initiated Stop -0.189 0.007 -27.994 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Other 0.674 0.007 93.962 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Traffic -1.474 0.007 -211.584 < 0.001 Table A34: Regression Predicting the Change in Chances of Use of Force Standard Test Variable Coefficient p Value Error Statistic Intercept -0.132 0.028 -4.629 < 0.001 Asian -0.398 0.011 -36.453 < 0.001 Black 0.562 0.005 104.477 < 0.001 Hispanic/Latine(x) 0.312 0.004 71.803 < 0.001 Other Race -0.250 0.009 -28.053 < 0.001 Cisgender Woman/Girl -0.474 0.004 -108.857 < 0.001 Non-Cisgender -0.171 0.015 -11.184 < 0.001 1-9 Years -0.317 0.070 -4.517 < 0.001 15-17 Years 0.566 0.025 22.732 < 0.001 18-24 Years 0.699 0.023 30.692 < 0.001 25-34 Years 0.744 0.022 33.087 < 0.001 35-44 Years 0.654 0.023 29.032 < 0.001 45-54 Years 0.397 0.023 17.432 < 0.001 55-64 Years 0.168 0.023 7.166 < 0.001 65+ Years -0.183 0.026 -7.164 < 0.001 Straight/Heterosexual -0.081 0.015 -5.523 < 0.001 Limited/No English Fluency 0.280 0.007 41.537 < 0.001 No Disability -0.344 0.011 -31.764 < 0.001 Unhoused 0.039 0.006 6.541 < 0.001 Officer-Initiated Stop -1.005 0.005 -221.391 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Other 0.388 0.005 74.455 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Traffic -2.454 0.005 -528.201 < 0.001 Table A35: Regression Predicting the Change in Chances of Being Arrested, Excluding Actions Taken During Stop Standard Test Variable Coefficient p Value Error Statistic Intercept -1.312 0.028 -46.306 < 0.001 Asian -0.320 0.009 -46.843 < 0.001 Black 0.112 0.005 18.910 < 0.001 Hispanic/Latine(x) 0.166 0.004 47.765 < 0.001 Other Race -0.275 0.008 -40.451 < 0.001 Cisgender Woman/Girl -0.192 0.006 29.679 < 0.001 Non-Cisgender -0.002 0.011 79.876 < 0.001 Age 1-9 -0.846 0.006 43.709 < 0.001 Age 15-17 -0.389 0.004 -57.767 < 0.001 Age 18-24 -0.121 0.014 -2.488 0.013 Age 25-34 0.111 0.013 -21.092 < 0.001 Age 35-44 0.163 0.070 -3.120 < 0.01 Age 45-54 0.038 0.025 15.009 < 0.001 Age 55-64 -0.063 0.023 33.769 < 0.001 Age 65+ -0.289 0.023 46.069 < 0.001 Straight/Heterosexual -0.262 0.023 48.454 < 0.001 Limited/No English Fluency 0.219 0.023 42.211 < 0.001 No Disability 0.771 0.023 36.599 < 0.001 Unhoused 0.308 0.025 23.234 < 0.001 Officer-Initiated Stop -0.904 0.005 121.334 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Traffic -2.037 0.004 -550.364 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Other 0.732 0.004 -187.692 < 0.001 Table A36: Regression Predicting the Change in Chances of Being Arrested, Including Actions Taken During Stop Standard Test Variable Coefficient p Value Error Statistic Intercept -3.511 0.034 -104.129 < 0.001 Asian -0.218 0.010 -33.831 < 0.001 Black -0.109 0.006 -37.600 < 0.001 Hispanic/Latine(x) 0.088 0.004 16.877 < 0.001 Other Race -0.187 0.009 -30.446 < 0.001 Cisgender Woman/Girl -0.005 0.007 25.915 < 0.001 Non-Cisgender 0.105 0.013 108.991 < 0.001 Age 1-9 -0.542 0.007 28.091 < 0.001 Age 15-17 -0.512 0.004 7.671 < 0.001 Age 18-24 -0.205 0.016 7.963 < 0.001 Age 25-34 0.034 0.015 -22.164 < 0.001 Age 35-44 0.127 0.079 -0.067 0.947 Age 45-54 0.095 0.030 1.114 0.265 Age 55-64 0.067 0.027 18.332 < 0.001 Age 65+ -0.086 0.027 30.490 < 0.001 Straight/Heterosexual -0.284 0.027 34.816 < 0.001 Limited/No English Fluency 0.154 0.027 33.941 < 0.001 No Disability 1.111 0.028 32.827 < 0.001 Unhoused 0.277 0.029 24.708 < 0.001 Officer-Initiated Stop -0.509 0.006 67.190 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Traffic -1.145 0.005 -263.878 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Other 0.507 0.005 -78.422 < 0.001 Asked for Consent to Search -0.147 0.005 269.145 < 0.001 Detention 0.679 0.005 440.613 < 0.001 Handcuffed 1.882 0.004 156.582 < 0.001 Searched or Frisked 1.197 0.007 -41.300 < 0.001 Table A37: Regression Predicting the Change in Chances of Being Arrested, Interactions Included Standard Test Variable Coefficient p Value Error Statistic Intercept -3.541 0.034 -105.244 < 0.001 Asian -0.344 0.010 -32.743 < 0.001 Black 0.105 0.008 13.649 < 0.001 Hispanic/Latine(x) 0.068 0.004 15.040 < 0.001 Other Race -0.268 0.009 -29.761 < 0.001 Cisgender Woman/Girl 0.032 0.004 7.338 < 0.001 Non-Cisgender 0.127 0.016 7.939 < 0.001 1-9 Years -0.015 0.079 -0.189 0.85 15-17 Years 0.030 0.030 1.002 0.316 18-24 Years 0.501 0.027 18.279 < 0.001 25-34 Years 0.821 0.027 30.317 < 0.001 35-44 Years 0.938 0.027 34.561 < 0.001 45-54 Years 0.922 0.027 33.770 < 0.001 55-64 Years 0.908 0.028 32.724 < 0.001 65+ Years 0.717 0.029 24.693 < 0.001 Straight/Heterosexual -0.339 0.015 -21.967 < 0.001 Limited/No English Fluency 0.197 0.007 27.726 < 0.001 No Disability 1.436 0.013 108.489 < 0.001 Unhoused 0.175 0.007 25.443 < 0.001 Officer-Initiated Stop -0.425 0.005 -78.572 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Other 0.422 0.006 66.556 < 0.001 Reason for Stop: Traffic -1.384 0.005 -262.431 < 0.001 Searched or Frisked 1.389 0.005 258.929 < 0.001 Handcuffed 2.162 0.005 408.391 < 0.001 Detention 0.715 0.005 147.117 < 0.001 Asked for Consent to Search -0.314 0.008 -41.469 < 0.001 Black * Searched or Frisked -0.478 0.012 -39.193 < 0.001 Black * Handcuffed -0.282 0.012 -23.588 < 0.001 Black * Detention -0.126 0.011 -11.212 < 0.001 Black * Asked for Consent 0.069 0.018 3.731 < 0.01 Table A38: Terry Frisk Rates by Perceived Identity Group % Terry % Terry Identity Terry Frisk Total Search Total Stop Subgroup Frisks in All Frisks in All Group Only Count Count Count Searches Stops yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 1,496 13,557 11.03% 297,281 0.50% Black 20,347 116,628 17.45% 612,395 3.32% Hispanic/Latine(x) 47,672 286,104 16.66% 2,193,212 2.17% Middle Eastern/South Asian 1,322 9,932 13.31% 275,096 0.48% Multiracial 973 7,744 12.56% 62,451 1.56% Native American 179 2,546 7.03% 13,286 1.35% Pacific Islander 277 2,819 9.83% 26,745 1.04% White 16,431 168,432 9.76% 1,584,285 1.04% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 11,156 103,502 10.78% 1,410,429 0.79% Cisgender Man/Boy 76,494 495,518 15.44% 3,593,708 2.13% Nonbinary Person 438 4,631 9.46% 40,413 1.08% Transgender Man/Boy 451 2,696 16.73% 12,938 3.49% Transgender Woman/Girl 158 1,415 11.17% 7,263 2.18% puorG egA 1-9 Years 45 330 13.64% 4,352 1.03% 10-14 Years 946 3,598 26.29% 13,657 6.93% 15-17 Years 4,958 16,875 29.38% 72,033 6.88% 18-24 Years 17,688 83,296 21.24% 767,243 2.31% 25-34 Years 30,909 205,888 15.01% 1,553,708 1.99% 35-44 Years 20,103 170,764 11.77% 1,247,746 1.61% 45-54 Years 9,422 83,506 11.28% 785,532 1.20% 55-64 Years 3,573 33,447 10.68% 417,874 0.86% 65+ Years 1,053 10,058 10.47% 202,606 0.52% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 1,144 10,429 10.97% 53,353 2.14% Straight/Heterosexual 87,553 597,333 14.66% 5,011,398 1.75% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 82,058 560,931 14.63% 4,723,212 1.74% Limited/No English Fluency 6,639 46,831 14.18% 341,539 1.94% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 3,589 21,338 16.82% 52,643 6.82% No Disability 85,108 586,424 14.51% 5,012,108 1.70% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 79,754 529,775 15.05% 4,883,366 1.63% Unhoused 8,943 77,987 11.47% 181,385 4.93% Overall 88,697 607,762 14.59% 5,064,751 1.75% Table A39: Contaband Discovery Rate in Searches (No Terry Frisk) vs. Terry Frisks (No Searches) by Perceived Identity Group Searches with % Search Terry Frisks with % Terry Identity Subgroup Contraband Discovery Discovery Contraband Frisk Group (No Terry Frisks) (No Terry Frisks) Discovery Discovery yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 2,452 23.51% 123 8.22% Black 21,387 28.38% 2,655 13.05% Hispanic/Latine(x) 50,541 25.47% 6,372 13.37% Middle Eastern/South Asian 1,608 21.81% 88 6.66% Multiracial 1,690 30.05% 110 11.31% Native American 526 25.18% 10 5.59% Pacific Islander 593 27.48% 14 5.05% White 39,429 29.69% 1,574 9.58% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 21,224 25.99% 1,115 9.99% Cisgender Man/Boy 95,198 27.51% 9,717 12.70% Nonbinary Person 986 27.77% 59 13.47% Transgender Man/Boy 499 26.87% 45 9.98% Transgender Woman/Girl 319 29.67% 10 6.33% puorG egA 1-9 Years 76 31.67% 6 13.33% 10-14 Years 493 22.74% 95 10.04% 15-17 Years 2,847 30.01% 695 14.02% 18-24 Years 12,014 23.19% 2,395 13.54% 25-34 Years 37,998 26.30% 3,960 12.81% 35-44 Years 37,520 29.25% 2,257 11.23% 45-54 Years 18,487 28.91% 1,073 11.39% 55-64 Years 7,039 27.14% 364 10.19% 65+ Years 1,752 22.10% 101 9.59% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 2,044 25.61% 108 9.44% Straight/Heterosexual 116,182 27.26% 10,838 12.38% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 110,355 27.57% 10,090 12.30% Limited/No English Fluency 7,871 23.14% 856 12.89% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 2,700 18.46% 264 7.36% No Disability 115,526 27.53% 10,682 12.55% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 97,009 25.90% 9,754 12.23% Unhoused 21,217 35.58% 1,192 13.33% Overall 118,226 27.23% 10,946 12.34% Table A40: Stop Duration in Minutes When Indicated Action is Taken During Stop Force Average Standard Action Action During Stop Minimum Maximum Duration Deviation Type noitcA ecroF-noN Admission or Written Statement Obtained from Student 42 73 1 1,313 Asked for Consent to Search Person 37 66 1 1,440 Asked for Consent to Search Property 35 64 1 1,440 Asked for Passenger Identification 28 64 1 1,440 Asked Parole Status 28 60 1 1,440 Curbside Detention 36 69 1 1,440 Field Sobriety Test 53 82 1 1,440 Patrol Car Detention 48 83 1 1,440 Canine Search 67 120 1 1,440 Person Photographed 63 98 1 1,440 Person Removed from Vehicle by Order 39 67 1 1,440 Property Seizure 67 107 1 1,440 Ran Passenger Name 35 80 1 1,440 Searched Person 52 85 1 1,440 Searched Property 47 83 1 1,440 Terry v. Ohio Frisk 43 81 1 1,440 Vehicle Impounded 54 83 1 1,440 No Non-Force Action Taken 13 46 1 1,440 noitcA ecroF Force Average Standard Action Action During Stop Minimum Maximum Duration Deviation Type Received Consent to Search Person 36 63 1 1,440 Received Consent to Search Property 33 59 1 1,440 Handcuffed of Flex Cuffed 55 86 1 1,440 Baton or Other Impact Weapon Drawn 77 114 1 1,440 Baton or Other Impact Weapon Used to Strike or Prod 106 166 1 1,375 Chemical Spray Used 92 154 1 1,440 Electronic Control Device Pointed at Person or Sparked 76 108 1 1,440 Electronic Control Device Used in Drive-Stun Mode 96 131 1 1,440 Electronic Control Device Used in Dart-Mode 93 123 1 1,440 Unholstered Firearm 69 97 1 1,440 Firearm Pointed at Person 76 110 1 1,440 Discharged Firearm 131 240 1 1,440 Impact Projectile Weapon Pointed at Person 87 115 1 1,440 Discharged Impact Projectile Weapon 118 161 1 1,440 Canine Removed from Patrol Vehicle to Gain 100 155 1 1,440 Compliance and/or Apprehension Canine Bit or Held Person 103 143 1 1,440 Person Removed from Vehicle by Physical Contact 43 70 1 1,440 Physical Compliance Tactics and Techniques 71 109 1 1,440 Use of Vehicle in Apprehension 38 71 1 1,440 No Force Action Taken 15 49 1 1,440 Table A41: Stop Duration in Minutes by Result of Stop, No Action During Stop, and Perceived Identity Group Citation: Citation: Identity Citation: Citation: Citation: Subgroup Average Standard Group Minimum Maximum Total Stops Duration Deviation yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 12 33 1 1,440 178,911 Black 15 42 1 1,440 226,359 Hispanic/Latine(x) 14 40 1 1,440 1,040,105 Middle Eastern/South Asian 15 45 1 1,440 170,616 Multiracial 13 35 1 1,440 29,234 Native American 16 48 1 1,440 4,339 Pacific Islander 17 70 1 1,440 12,530 White 13 40 1 1,440 716,438 redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 13 38 1 1,440 724,629 Cisgender Man/Boy 15 41 1 1,440 1,629,624 Nonbinary Person 10 21 1 1,440 19,683 Transgender Man/Boy 18 68 1 1,440 2,858 Transgender Woman/Girl 19 85 1 1,440 1,738 puorG egA 1-9 Years 12 35 1 1,005 1,228 10-14 Years 22 36 1 1,040 1,877 15-17 Years 17 41 1 1,440 23,234 18-24 Years 14 44 1 1,440 395,933 25-34 Years 14 39 1 1,440 721,592 35-44 Years 14 40 1 1,440 559,628 45-54 Years 14 40 1 1,440 365,221 55-64 Years 14 39 1 1,440 208,749 65+ Years 13 39 1 1,440 101,070 lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 13 32 1 1,440 16,861 Straight/Heterosexual 14 40 1 1,440 2,361,671 hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 14 41 1 1,440 2,226,158 Limited/No English Fluency 16 33 1 1,440 152,374 ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 17 66 1 1,440 6,430 No Disability 14 40 1 1,440 2,372,102 gnisuoH sutatS Housed 14 40 1 1,440 2,365,262 Unhoused 28 92 1 1,440 13,270 Overall 14 40 1 1,440 2,378,532 Identity Custody3: Custody: Standard Custody: Custody: Custody: Subgroup Group Average Duration Deviation Minimum Maximum Total Stops yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 64 89 1 1,440 11,279 Black 63 93 1 1,440 76,446 Hispanic/Latine(x) 58 86 1 1,440 211,175 Middle Eastern/South Asian 68 100 1 1,440 7,847 Multiracial 62 93 1 1,440 5,500 Native American 68 92 1 1,440 2,508 Pacific Islander 75 121 1 1,440 2,395 White 64 99 1 1,440 136,534 redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 63 92 1 1,440 93,770 Cisgender Man/Boy 61 92 1 1,440 352,314 Nonbinary Person 48 73 1 1,440 4,086 Transgender Man/Boy 71 100 1 1,440 2,252 Transgender Woman/Girl 66 82 1 859 1,262 puorG egA 1-9 Years 57 73 1 540 194 10-14 Years 74 100 1 1,440 1,910 15-17 Years 76 100 1 1,440 8,183 18-24 Years 64 94 1 1,440 49,644 25-34 Years 60 89 1 1,440 153,973 35-44 Years 61 92 1 1,440 134,264 45-54 Years 61 93 1 1,440 67,700 55-64 Years 62 94 1 1,440 28,683 65+ Years 67 99 1 1,440 9,133 lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 64 93 1 1,440 9,680 Straight/Heterosexual 61 92 1 1,440 444,004 hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 62 93 1 1,440 415,155 Limited/No English Fluency 60 83 1 1,440 38,529 ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 75 110 1 1,440 12,617 No Disability 61 91 1 1,440 441,067 gnisuoH sutatS Housed 62 93 1 1,440 392,319 Unhoused 55 86 1 1,440 61,365 Overall 61 92 1 1,440 453,684 3 The “Custody” category represents a combination of two variables: Custodial Arrest Pursuant to Outstanding Warrant and Custodial Arrest Without a Warrant. In-Field Cite In-Field Cite In-Field In-Field In-Field Cite Identity & Release: & Release: Cite & Cite & Subgroup & Release: Group Average Standard Release: Release: Minimum Duration Deviation Maximum Total Stops yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 29 67 1 1,440 6,061 Black 33 68 1 1,440 25,056 Hispanic/Latine(x) 30 59 1 1,440 82,593 Middle Eastern/South Asian 29 76 1 1,440 4,610 Multiracial 29 45 1 1,440 2,250 Native American 34 93 1 1,440 766 Pacific Islander 36 100 1 1,440 900 White 31 71 1 1,440 60,307 redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 31 64 1 1,440 47,222 Cisgender Man/Boy 31 66 1 1,440 132,348 Nonbinary Person 31 51 1 1,440 1,686 Transgender Man/Boy 33 59 1 1,440 809 Transgender Woman/Girl 37 80 1 1,440 478 puorG egA 1-9 Years 31 44 1 283 114 10-14 Years 46 63 1 1,313 1,225 15-17 Years 48 74 1 1,440 4,204 18-24 Years 30 59 1 1,440 19,862 25-34 Years 31 66 1 1,440 53,208 35-44 Years 31 66 1 1,440 52,115 45-54 Years 30 64 1 1,440 31,120 55-64 Years 29 67 1 1,440 15,403 65+ Years 27 60 1 1,440 5,292 lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 34 59 1 1,440 2,853 Straight/Heterosexual 31 65 1 1,440 179,690 hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 30 66 1 1,440 169,789 Limited/No English Fluency 34 56 1 1,440 12,754 ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 43 86 1 1,440 2,773 No Disability 30 65 1 1,440 179,770 gnisuoH sutatS Housed 31 64 1 1,440 157,158 Unhoused 31 71 1 1,440 25,385 Overall 31 65 1 1,440 182,543 Warning: Warning: Identity Warning: Warning: Warning: Subgroup Average Standard Group Minimum Maximum Total Stops Duration Deviation yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 10 46 1 1,440 92,440 Black 13 46 1 1,440 227,756 Hispanic/Latine(x) 12 45 1 1,440 728,517 Middle Eastern/South Asian 12 52 1 1,440 86,504 Multiracial 11 36 1 1,440 22,022 Native American 13 67 1 1,440 4,707 Pacific Islander 11 51 1 1,440 9,417 White 11 54 1 1,440 579,916 redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 11 48 1 1,440 471,776 Cisgender Man/Boy 12 49 1 1,440 1,261,232 Nonbinary Person 11 44 1 1,440 10,436 Transgender Man/Boy 14 70 1 1,440 5,075 Transgender Woman/Girl 14 73 1 1,440 2,760 puorG egA 1-9 Years 10 42 1 1,208 1,404 10-14 Years 19 26 1 503 3,400 15-17 Years 16 48 1 1,440 22,276 18-24 Years 12 50 1 1,440 255,534 25-34 Years 12 46 1 1,440 529,350 35-44 Years 12 52 1 1,440 430,489 45-54 Years 12 49 1 1,440 282,279 55-64 Years 11 47 1 1,440 147,335 65+ Years 10 43 1 1,440 79,212 lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 12 40 1 1,440 17,064 Straight/Heterosexual 12 49 1 1,440 1,734,215 hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 12 49 1 1,440 1,627,498 Limited/No English Fluency 11 34 1 1,440 123,781 ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 19 71 1 1,440 9,999 No Disability 12 48 1 1,440 1,741,280 gnisuoH sutatS Housed 12 49 1 1,440 1,702,879 Unhoused 17 43 1 1,440 48,400 Overall 12 49 1 1,440 1,751,279 Other Result:4 Other Result: Identity Other Result: Other Result: Other Result: Subgroup Average Standard Group Minimum Maximum Total Stops Duration Deviation yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 43 81 1 1,440 6,690 Black 38 66 1 1,440 53,679 Hispanic/Latine(x) 40 67 1 1,440 87,966 Middle Eastern/South Asian 41 82 1 1,440 4,937 Multiracial 37 71 1 1,440 2,757 Native American 45 80 1 1,440 492 Pacific Islander 41 82 1 1,440 1,070 White 40 81 1 1,440 53,317 redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 45 76 1 1,440 49,859 Cisgender Man/Boy 38 70 1 1,440 157,682 Nonbinary Person 38 63 1 1,440 1,324 Transgender Man/Boy 50 80 1 1,440 1,200 Transgender Woman/Girl 53 102 1 1,440 843 puorG egA 1-9 Years 75 127 1 1,440 376 10-14 Years 55 73 1 1,440 4,984 15-17 Years 52 78 1 1,440 13,670 18-24 Years 37 61 1 1,440 31,172 25-34 Years 39 74 1 1,440 65,258 35-44 Years 39 70 1 1,440 49,831 45-54 Years 38 73 1 1,440 25,919 55-64 Years 39 72 1 1,440 13,383 65+ Years 44 76 1 1,440 6,315 lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 46 74 1 1,440 4,279 Straight/Heterosexual 40 72 1 1,440 206,629 hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 39 72 1 1,440 196,957 Limited/No English Fluency 45 66 1 1,440 13,951 ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 57 79 1 1,440 20,034 No Disability 38 71 1 1,440 190,874 gnisuoH sutatS Housed 40 70 1 1,440 181,172 Unhoused 38 80 1 1,440 29,736 Overall 40 72 1 1,440 210,908 4 See the definition of ‘Other Result’ in Appendix F, Table 3. Result of Result of Result of Result of Result of Stop - No Stop - No Identity Stop - No Stop - No Stop - No Subgroup Action: Action: Group Action: Action: Action: Average Standard Minimum Maximum Total Stops Duration Deviation yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 17 47 1 1,440 9,831 Black 20 66 1 1,440 44,322 Hispanic/Latine(x) 19 64 1 1,440 131,399 Middle Eastern/South Asian 18 79 1 1,440 7,923 Multiracial 17 51 1 1,440 4,043 Native American 28 102 1 1,440 918 Pacific Islander 28 99 1 1,440 1,426 White 19 72 1 1,440 89,873 redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 21 67 1 1,440 70,564 Cisgender Man/Boy 19 67 1 1,440 212,816 Nonbinary Person 16 57 1 1,440 4,137 Transgender Man/Boy 25 98 1 1,440 1,511 Transgender Woman/Girl 23 81 1 1,440 707 puorG egA 1-9 Years 24 55 1 1,225 1,165 10-14 Years 31 79 1 1,440 1,794 15-17 Years 29 70 1 1,440 6,439 18-24 Years 19 65 1 1,440 44,891 25-34 Years 19 64 1 1,440 95,615 35-44 Years 20 70 1 1,440 73,173 45-54 Years 19 68 1 1,440 41,434 55-64 Years 18 61 1 1,440 17,923 65+ Years 19 77 1 1,440 7,301 lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 20 61 1 1,440 5,422 Straight/Heterosexual 19 67 1 1,440 284,313 hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 19 68 1 1,440 273,425 Limited/No English Fluency 20 51 1 1,440 16,310 ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 26 75 1 1,440 4,645 No Disability 19 67 1 1,440 285,090 gnisuoH sutatS Housed 19 68 1 1,440 270,475 Unhoused 20 55 1 1,440 19,260 Overall 19 67 1 1,440 289,735 No Action No Action No Action No Action No Action Identity Taken: Taken: Subgroup Taken: Taken: Taken: Group Average Standard Minimum Maximum Total Stops Duration Deviation yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 12 38 1 1,440 264,933 Black 13 45 1 1,440 409,582 Hispanic/Latine(x) 13 44 1 1,440 1,644,848 Middle Eastern/South Asian 14 48 1 1,440 249,966 Multiracial 12 36 1 1,440 47,109 Native American 15 62 1 1,440 8,816 Pacific Islander 15 66 1 1,440 21,179 White 12 48 1 1,440 1,243,180 redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 12 43 1 1,440 1,163,271 Cisgender Man/Boy 13 47 1 1,440 2,683,767 Nonbinary Person 11 32 1 1,440 30,253 Transgender Man/Boy 16 70 1 1,440 7,948 Transgender Woman/Girl 15 67 1 1,440 4,374 puorG egA 1-9 Years 15 38 1 1,005 3,354 10-14 Years 25 48 1 1,440 6,271 15-17 Years 17 53 1 1,440 41,070 18-24 Years 13 48 1 1,440 600,988 25-34 Years 13 45 1 1,440 1,166,635 35-44 Years 13 47 1 1,440 930,752 45-54 Years 13 45 1 1,440 61,7428 55-64 Years 13 43 1 1,440 345,275 65+ Years 12 42 1 1,440 177,840 lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 13 42 1 1,440 32,789 Straight/Heterosexual 13 46 1 1,440 3,856,824 hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 13 46 1 1,440 3,638,573 Limited/No English Fluency 13 35 1 1,440 251,040 ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 23 70 1 1,440 18,076 No Disability 13 46 1 1,440 3,871,537 gnisuoH sutatS Housed 13 46 1 1,440 3,845,774 Unhoused 19 46 1 1,440 43,839 Overall 13 46 1 1,440 3,889,613 Average Standard Maximum Total Identity Minimum of Subgroup Duration of Deviation of of All Number of Group All Stops All Stops All Stops Stops All Stops yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 15 45 1 1,440 297,395 Black 22 58 1 1,440 612,443 Hispanic/Latine(x) 19 53 1 1,440 2,193,617 Middle Eastern/South Asian 16 53 1 1,440 275,106 Multiracial 18 49 1 1,440 62,479 Native American 27 76 1 1,440 13,286 Pacific Islander 22 77 1 1,440 26,748 White 18 59 1 1,440 1,584,354 redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 17 52 1 1,440 1,410,613 Cisgender Man/Boy 19 56 1 1,440 3,594,195 Nonbinary Person 16 44 1 1,440 40,419 Transgender Man/Boy 29 81 1 1,440 12,938 Transgender Woman/Girl 29 86 1 1,440 7,263 puorG egA 1-9 Years 22 60 1 1,440 4,377 10-14 Years 40 69 1 1,440 13,659 15-17 Years 31 66 1 1,440 72,041 18-24 Years 18 54 1 1,440 767,349 25-34 Years 19 54 1 1,440 1,553,919 35-44 Years 20 57 1 1,440 1,247,911 45-54 Years 18 55 1 1,440 785,631 55-64 Years 17 52 1 1,440 417,913 65+ Years 16 50 1 1,440 202,628 lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 25 61 1 1,440 53,359 Straight/Heterosexual 19 55 1 1,440 5,012,069 hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 19 56 1 1,440 4,723,857 Limited/No English Fluency 20 47 1 1,440 341,571 ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 45 87 1 1,440 52,651 No Disability 19 55 1 1,440 5,012,777 gnisuoH sutatS Housed 18 54 1 1,440 4,884,021 Unhoused 34 73 1 1,440 181,407 Overall 19 55 1 1,440 5,065,428 Table A42: Regression Predicting Disparities in Stops of Perceived Race/Ethnicity - White Standard Variable Estimate5 Probability Error Police Department -0.04*** 0.01 0.01 K-12 School -0.12** 0.04 0.02 Colleges -0.04 0.03 0.18 Other Agency Types 0.04 0.04 0.34 Unique Officers (logged) -0.01 0.01 0.38 County White Population (%) -0.36 0.36 0.36 County Black Population (%) -0.17 0.46 0.72 County Hispanic Population (%) -0.37 0.33 0.32 County Asian Population (%) -0.34 0.39 0.43 County Population (logged) -0.02 0.02 0.24 County Median Income (logged) -0.03 0.03 0.38 Micropolitan Statistical Area 0.05 0.03 0.13 Rural 0.01 0.03 0.86 Table A43: Regression Predicting Disparities in Stops of Perceived Race/Ethnicity - Black Standard Variable Estimate Probability Error Police Department 0.02*** 0.01 0.01 K-12 School 0.07*** 0.02 0.00 Colleges 0.08*** 0.01 0.00 Other Agency Types 0.06 0.03 0.13 Unique Officers (logged) 0.02*** 0.00 0.00 County White Population (%) -0.23 0.22 0.36 County Black Population (%) 0.63* 0.30 0.08 County Hispanic Population (%) -0.26 0.21 0.28 County Asian Population (%) -0.16 0.25 0.55 County Population (logged) 0.00 0.01 0.69 County Median Income (logged) 0.03* 0.01 0.10 Micropolitan Statistical Area -0.02 0.02 0.21 Rural -0.01 0.01 0.66 5 * = p ≤ .10, **= p ≤ .05, *** = p ≤ .01 Table A44: Regression Predicting Disparities in Stops of Perceived Race/Ethnicity – Hispanic/Latine(x) Standard Variable Estimate Probability Error Police Department 0.02* 0.01 0.06 K-12 School 0.09 0.06 0.15 Colleges -0.09** 0.04 0.02 Other Agency Types -0.07 0.04 0.10 Unique Officers (logged) -0.01 0.01 0.27 County White Population (%) 0.36 0.36 0.37 County Black Population (%) -0.38 0.47 0.45 County Hispanic Population (%) 0.35 0.34 0.36 County Asian Population (%) 0.76 0.40 0.12 County Population (logged) -0.01 0.02 0.64 County Median Income (logged) -0.03 0.04 0.48 Micropolitan Statistical Area -0.04* 0.03 0.09 Rural -0.05 0.04 0.17 Table A45: Race/Ethnicity Disparity in Stops by County County White Black Hispanic Alameda County -3.02% 18.92% 5.06% Alpine County 15.63% 1.70% -3.01% Amador County -0.65% 1.01% 2.11% Butte County 7.07% 4.05% -3.55% Calaveras County 0.30% 0.85% 0.24% Colusa County 8.76% 2.18% -12.27% Contra Costa County -7.68% 12.92% 4.25% Del Norte County 14.47% -0.55% -13.42% El Dorado County -2.35% 2.86% 4.04% Fresno County -5.04% 3.26% 6.03% Glenn County 2.46% 1.72% -4.02% Humboldt County 4.13% 3.14% -2.14% Imperial County 3.42% 0.62% -4.80% Inyo County -10.64% 2.32% 4.92% Kern County -2.52% 7.02% -0.41% County White Black Hispanic Kings County -6.93% 3.92% 5.76% Lake County -1.30% 4.86% 0.30% Lassen County 18.07% -4.95% -11.72% Los Angeles County -4.94% 11.60% 2.13% Madera County -9.49% 1.18% 11.09% Marin County -13.81% 6.13% 11.18% Mariposa County 2.76% 0.72% -1.14% Mendocino County 2.48% 1.64% -2.91% Merced County -5.79% 2.81% 6.96% Modoc County -0.27% 1.86% -1.53% Mono County -9.15% 2.15% 0.70% Monterey County -1.82% 3.18% -0.44% Napa County -6.43% 4.15% 5.78% Nevada County 2.03% 1.99% -0.51% Orange County -3.58% 3.48% 9.03% Placer County -1.74% 6.28% 1.95% Plumas County 2.20% 1.17% -1.84% Riverside County -2.74% 4.67% 0.78% Sacramento County -1.19% 15.90% -2.64% San Benito County -8.12% 0.85% 8.15% San Bernardino County -4.29% 7.64% -0.37% San Diego County -6.52% 9.35% 2.90% San Francisco County -6.69% 17.49% 9.52% San Joaquin County 1.58% 6.30% 0.23% San Luis Obispo County -7.30% 1.53% 8.82% San Mateo County -8.59% 6.60% 14.37% Santa Barbara County -0.65% 3.80% -0.29% Santa Clara County -3.33% 4.85% 18.61% Santa Cruz County -3.50% 2.65% 5.42% Shasta County 6.63% 3.46% -3.57% Sierra County -6.25% 0.31% 2.72% Siskiyou County 0.72% 1.67% -1.17% Solano County -3.61% 16.24% -0.04% Sonoma County -7.80% 4.30% 6.61% County White Black Hispanic Stanislaus County 0.56% 4.58% -3.42% Sutter County 3.62% 4.33% 1.09% Tehama County 5.92% 1.35% -2.32% Trinity County 12.52% -0.10% -1.79% Tulare County -6.61% 1.42% 6.23% Tuolumne County 2.67% 0.16% -0.48% Ventura County -7.49% 2.66% 10.17% Yolo County -5.30% 8.44% 0.48% Yuba County 10.44% 5.34% -6.80% Table A46: Percentage of Stop Characteristics by County One or More Consent Limited County Arrest Actions Only Search Force Taken Alameda County 17.99% 37.91% 1.12% 21.61% Alpine County 3.89% 11.92% 0.49% 2.92% Amador County 9.97% 29.76% 1.33% 7.78% Butte County 23.41% 45.2% 2.07% 20.83% Calaveras County 17.52% 28.58% 1.10% 14.69% Colusa County 13.53% 21.51% 0.81% 8.09% Contra Costa County 10.37% 21.46% 1.49% 7.90% Del Norte County 49.31% 58.64% 0.50% 30.64% El Dorado County 23.91% 37.39% 0.94% 16.69% Fresno County 21.67% 31.22% 1.44% 11.85% Glenn County 34.12% 44.01% 0.91% 17.51% Humboldt County 31.84% 50.36% 0.48% 30.08% Imperial County 7.91% 17.13% 2.53% 4.62% Inyo County 17.72% 30.63% 0.56% 10.41% Kern County 30.06% 48.18% 1.66% 21.68% Kings County 19.65% 25.01% 1.28% 12.08% Lake County 31.95% 57.16% 6.87% 25.51% Lassen County 17.65% 22.12% 1.04% 10.62% Los Angeles County 17.58% 39.01% 2.43% 20.50% Madera County 20.24% 34.04% 4.79% 17.96% Marin County 13.36% 24.51% 1.55% 10.36% Mariposa County 18.05% 44.7% 12.09% 15.23% Mendocino County 22.18% 53.68% 2.78% 13.09% Merced County 11.23% 16.90% 0.87% 6.08% Modoc County 17.79% 16.98% 1.08% 12.67% Mono County 10.43% 23.92% 0.51% 7.23% Monterey County 13.85% 26.11% 1.32% 7.45% Napa County 12.33% 14.71% 0.77% 7.08% Nevada County 21.09% 39.15% 0.65% 13.81% Orange County 18.86% 42.17% 6.62% 9.98% Placer County 15.26% 37.59% 1.57% 11.73% Plumas County 20.68% 28.31% 1.93% 18.93% Riverside County 19.13% 25.26% 1.18% 8.50% One or More Consent Limited County Arrest Actions Only Search Force Taken Sacramento County 20.99% 42.36% 1.14% 22.55% San Benito County 12.16% 21.34% 1.15% 4.67% San Bernardino County 16.26% 31.69% 2.95% 12.26% San Diego County 16.59% 40.76% 1.18% 10.20% San Francisco County 31.20% 45.88% 0.22% 27.29% San Joaquin County 19.81% 32.12% 1.29% 16.96% San Luis Obispo County 14.49% 27.65% 1.81% 6.90% San Mateo County 11.65% 19.40% 2.18% 8.32% Santa Barbara County 25.61% 56.12% 2.84% 11.30% Santa Clara County 20.06% 26.8% 4.37% 13.07% Santa Cruz County 22.76% 52.42% 1.26% 12.85% Shasta County 29.76% 33.93% 1.93% 9.86% Sierra County 17.72% 20.12% 0.00% 13.51% Siskiyou County 17.63% 23.27% 1.02% 12.66% Solano County 21.59% 29.1% 0.94% 18.89% Sonoma County 18.09% 23.11% 1.42% 12.84% Stanislaus County 17.97% 33.76% 1.51% 13.23% Sutter County 16.38% 27.52% 0.42% 10.25% Tehama County 30.29% 46.88% 2.79% 25.53% Trinity County 61.48% 81.97% 0.00% 38.52% Tulare County 20.51% 43.79% 3.05% 15.01% Tuolumne County 31.09% 45.75% 1.84% 26.69% Ventura County 19.85% 40.56% 1.08% 8.66% Yolo County 11.54% 30.53% 0.64% 12.31% Yuba County 33.07% 38.82% 1.40% 16.87% Table A47: Consent Search Rate by Perceived Gender Consent % Consent Consent % Consent Other6 % Other % Consent Total Gender Only Only Plus Plus Total Stops Searches Searches Searches Searches Searches Searches Searches Searches Cisgender 10,076 0.71% 8,097 0.57% 74,173 5.26% 1.29% 92,346 1,410,613 Woman/Girl Cisgender 55,888 1.55% 45,174 1.26% 317,962 8.85% 2.81% 419,024 3,594,195 Man/Boy Nonbinary 490 1.21% 648 1.60% 3,055 7.56% 2.82% 4,193 40,419 Person Transgender 244 1.89% 230 1.78% 1,771 13.69% 3.66% 2,245 12,938 Man/Boy Transgender 110 1.51% 109 1.50% 1,038 14.29% 3.02% 1,257 7,263 Woman/Girl Table A48: Consent Search Rate by Perceived Housing Status Consent % Consent Consent % Consent Housing Other % Other % Consent Total Only Only Plus Plus Total Stops Status Searches Searches Searches Searches Searches Searches Searches Searches Housed 58,280 1.19% 46,769 0.96% 344,972 7.06% 2.15% 450,021 4,884,021 Unhoused 8,528 4.70% 7,489 4.13% 53,027 29.23% 8.83% 69,044 181,407 Table A49: Most Frequent Results of Stop by Perceived Housing Status Warning Citation Arrest Other Total Stops with a Subgroup % Warning % Citation % Arrest % Other Count Count Count Count Result of Stop Housed 1,702,879 34.87% 2,365,262 48.43% 543,481 11.13% 272,104 5.57% 4,883,726 (100.00%) Unhoused 48,400 26.68% 13,270 7.32% 85,844 47.32% 33,888 18.68% 181,402 (100.00%) 6 ‘Other Searches’ are defined as all other searches excluding consent only searches and consent plus searches. Table A50: Most Severe Use of Force by Perceived Identity Group Among Stops with Force % Less % Less % Identity Lethal Limited Total Stops with Subgroup Lethal Lethal Lethal Limited Group Force Force Force Force Force Force Force yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 3 0.03% 564 4.71% 11,402 95.26% 11,969 (100.00%) Black 22 0.02% 6,001 5.90% 95,726 94.08% 101,749 (100.00%) Hispanic/Latine(x) 63 0.03% 12,044 5.08% 224,844 94.89% 236,951 (100.00%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 3 0.03% 486 5.53% 8,305 94.44% 8,794 (100.00%) Multiracial 2 0.03% 518 8.44% 5,614 91.52% 6,134 (100.00%) Native American 0 0.00% 98 4.22% 2,227 95.78% 2,325 (100.00%) Pacific Islander 0 0.00% 147 6.01% 2,298 93.99% 2,445 (100.00%) White 29 0.02% 5,526 3.98% 133,224 96.00% 138,779 (100.00%) redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 10 0.01% 4,028 4.12% 93,829 95.87% 97,867 (100.00%) Cisgender Man/Boy 110 0.03% 20,921 5.19% 381,930 94.78% 402,961 (100.00%) Nonbinary Person 1 0.02% 286 6.59% 4,054 93.39% 4,341 (100.00%) Transgender Man/Boy 1 0.04% 103 4.09% 2,412 95.87% 2,516 (100.00%) Transgender Woman/Girl 0 0.00% 46 3.15% 1,415 96.85% 1,461 (100.00%) puorG egA 1-9 Years 1 0.32% 27 8.63% 285 91.05% 313 (100.00%) 10-14 Years 0 0.00% 230 6.73% 3,187 93.27% 3,417 (100.00%) 15-17 Years 5 0.03% 1,166 8.00% 13,410 91.97% 14,581 (100.00%) 18-24 Years 15 0.02% 4,059 6.04% 63,155 93.94% 67,229 (100.00%) 25-34 Years 36 0.02% 8,423 4.81% 166,770 95.17% 175,229 (100.00%) 35-44 Years 49 0.03% 6,941 4.84% 136,285 95.12% 143,275 (100.00%) 45-54 Years 11 0.02% 3,107 4.52% 65,599 95.46% 68,717 (100.00%) 55-64 Years 4 0.01% 1,090 3.90% 26,839 96.08% 27,933 (100.00%) 65+ Years 1 0.01% 341 4.03% 8,110 95.95% 8,452 (100.00%) lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 6 0.06% 386 3.95% 9,378 95.99% 9,770 (100.00%) Straight/Heterosexual 116 0.02% 24,998 5.01% 474,262 94.97% 499,376 (100.00%) hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 114 0.02% 23,637 5.05% 444,589 94.93% 468,340 (100.00%) Limited/No English Fluency 8 0.02% 1,747 4.28% 39,051 95.70% 40,806 (100.00%) ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 3 0.01% 878 3.86% 21,894 96.13% 22,775 (100.00%) No Disability 119 0.02% 24,506 5.04% 461,746 94.94% 486,371 (100.00%) gnisuoH sutatS Housed 115 0.03% 22,849 5.20% 416,045 94.77% 439,009 (100.00%) Unhoused 7 0.01% 2,535 3.61% 67,595 96.38% 70,137 (100.00%) Overall 122 0.02% 25,384 4.99% 483,640 94.99% 509,146 (100.00%) Table A51. Agency Stop Count Frequency and Differences between 2023 and 2024 Due to its large size, Table A51 is available in an .xslx file at https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press- docs/2026%20RIPA%20Report%20Large%20Appendix%20Tables.xls x Table A52. Civilians' Complaints Against Peace Officers 2020-2024 Due to its large size, Table A52 is available in an .xslx file at https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press- docs/2026%20RIPA%20Report%20Large%20Appendix%20Tables.xls Table A53. Disposition Types of Racial and Identity Profiling Complaints in 2024 Due to its large size, Table A53 is available in an .xslx file at https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press- docs/2026%20RIPA%20Report%20Large%20Appendix%20Tables.xls Table A54. Actions Taken During Stop Correlation Matrix Due to its large size, Table A54 is available in an .xslx file at https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press- docs/2026%20RIPA%20Report%20Large%20Appendix%20Tables.xls x Annual Report 2026 Appendix B Policy Section Tables Racial and Identity Profiling Advisory Board Table B1: Asked for Consent to Search in Traffic Stops by Perceived Race/Ethnicity Asked for Consent % Asked for Consent Total Identity Subgroup to Search During a to Search During a Traffic Stop Group Traffic Stop Count Traffic Stop Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 1,694 0.61% 276,521 Black 14,563 3.14% 463,326 Hispanic/Latine(x) 48,235 2.59% 1,862,427 Middle Eastern/South Asian 1,201 0.46% 260,855 Multiracial 1,081 2.08% 51,962 Native American 180 1.83% 9,822 Pacific Islander 356 1.56% 22,811 White 16,908 1.29% 1,315,536 Overall 84,218 1.98% 4,263,260 TableB2: Consent Only Searches in Traffic Stops by Perceived Race/Ethnicity Consent Only % Consent Only Traffic Identity Subgroup Searches Searches in Stop Group Count Traffic Stops Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 753 0.27% 276,603 Black 5,069 1.09% 463,359 Hispanic/Latine(x) 20,100 1.08% 1,862,801 Middle Eastern/South Asian 536 0.21% 260,865 Multiracial 389 0.75% 51,979 Native American 73 0.74% 9,822 Pacific Islander 132 0.58% 22,814 White 6,765 0.51% 1,315,592 Overall 33,817 0.79% 4,263,835 Table B3: Asked for Consent to Search in Traffic Stops by Traffic Violation Type and Perceived Race/Ethnicity Asked for % Asked for Asked for % Asked for Asked for % Asked for Consent to Consent to Stop Count: Consent to Consent to Stop Count: Consent to Consent to Stop Count: Identity Subgroup Search: Search: Equipment Search: Search: Moving Search: Non- Search: Non- Non-moving Group Equipment Equipment Violation Moving Moving Violation moving moving Violation Violation Violation Violation Violation Violation Violation yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 810 2.33% 34,690 658 0.32% 206,278 226 0.63% 35,634 Black 7,016 6.45% 108,692 4,955 1.82% 272,432 2,592 3.15% 82,234 Hispanic/Latine(x) 24,529 5.51% 445,148 16,653 1.47% 1,133,908 7,050 2.48% 283,737 Middle Eastern/South Asian 544 1.49% 36,561 466 0.24% 190,929 191 0.57% 33,375 Multiracial 516 4.88% 10,574 397 1.16% 34,365 168 2.39% 7,040 Native American 96 3.84% 2,501 33 0.58% 5,664 51 3.08% 1,657 Pacific Islander 175 3.94% 4,444 110 0.76% 14,478 71 1.82% 3,892 White 8,663 3.68% 235,202 4,842 0.56% 867,807 3,401 1.60% 212,575 Overall 42,349 4.82% 877,812 28,114 1.03% 2,725,861 13,750 2.08% 660,144 Table B4: Consent Only Search Rate by Traffic Violation Type and Perceived Race/Ethnicity % % Non- Equipment Moving % Moving Non-moving Equipment moving Violation Equipment Violation Violation Moving Violation Non-moving Identity Violation Violation Subgroup Consent Violation Consent Consent Violation Consent Violation Group Consent Consent Only Search Stop Count Only Search Only Search Stop Count Only Search Stop Count Only Search Only Search Count Count Stops Count Stops Stops yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 404 1.16% 34,690 259 0.13% 206,278 90 0.25% 35,634 Black 2,459 2.26% 108,692 1,609 0.59% 272,432 1,001 1.22% 82,234 Hispanic/Latine(x) 10,519 2.36% 445,148 6,635 0.59% 1,133,908 2,944 1.04% 283,737 Middle Eastern/South Asian 259 0.71% 36,561 190 0.10% 190,929 87 0.26% 33,375 Multiracial 189 1.79% 10,574 137 0.40% 34,365 63 0.89% 7,040 Native American 36 1.44% 2,501 11 0.19% 5,664 26 1.57% 1,657 Pacific Islander 68 1.53% 4,444 40 0.28% 14,478 24 0.62% 3,892 White 3,609 1.53% 235,202 1,752 0.20% 867,807 1,402 0.66% 212,575 Overall 17,543 2.00% 877,812 10,633 0.39% 2,725,861 5,637 0.85% 660,144 Table B5: Consent Only Search Contraband Discovery Rate by Traffic Violation Type and Perceived Race/Ethnicity Consent Only % Consent Only Traffic Stops Search Traffic Identity Search Involving Subgroup Stops with Group Discovery for Consent Only Contraband Traffic Stops Searches Count Discovery Count yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 137 18.19% 753 Black 549 10.83% 5,069 Hispanic/Latine(x) 2,921 14.53% 20,100 Middle Eastern/South Asian 84 15.67% 536 Multiracial 53 13.62% 389 Native American 14 19.18% 73 Pacific Islander 31 23.48% 132 White 1,508 22.29% 6,765 Overall 5,297 15.66% 33,817 Table B6: Contraband Discovery Rate for Traffic Stops Involving Consent Only Searches by Traffic Violation Type and Perceived Race/Ethnicity Equipment % Moving Non-moving % Non- Equipment % Moving Moving Non-moving Violation Equipment Violation Violation moving Violation Violation Violation Violation Identity Consent Violation Consent Consent Violation Subgroup Consent Consent Consent Consent Group Only Search Consent Only Search Only Search Consent Only Search Only Search Only Search Only Search Discovery Only Search Discovery Discovery Only Search Stop Count Discovery Stop Count Stop Count Count Discovery Count Count Discovery yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 76 18.81% 404 44 16.99% 259 17 18.89% 90 Black 293 11.92% 2,459 149 9.26% 1,609 107 10.69% 1,001 Hispanic/Latine(x) 1,619 15.39% 10,519 842 12.69% 6,635 459 15.59% 2,944 Middle Eastern/South Asian 37 14.29% 259 28 14.74% 190 19 21.84% 87 Multiracial 24 12.70% 189 24 17.52% 137 5 7.94% 63 Native American 6 16.67% 36 3 27.27% 11 5 19.23% 26 Pacific Islander 17 25.00% 68 10 25.00% 40 4 16.67% 24 White 778 21.56% 3,609 372 21.23% 1,752 358 25.53% 1,402 Overall 2,850 16.25% 17,543 1,472 13.84% 10,633 974 17.28% 5,637 Table B7: Law Enforcement Evasion Stops by Offense Charge and Perceived Identity Group % Felony Infraction % Infraction Misdemeanor % % Other Felony Law Other1 Law Law Law Law Law Misdemeanor Law Identity Enforcement Enforcement Subgroup Enforcement Enforcement Enforcement Enforcement Law Enforcement Group Evasion Stop Evasion Stop Evasion Evasion Stop Evasion Evasion Stop Enforcement Evasion Count Count Stops Count Stops Count Evasion Stops Stops yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 23 18.40% 73 58.40% 29 23.20% 0 0.00% Black 268 26.67% 550 54.73% 186 18.51% 1 0.10% Hispanic/Latine(x) 591 22.09% 1,465 54.75% 613 22.91% 7 0.26% Middle Eastern/South Asian 13 9.09% 87 60.84% 43 30.07% 0 0.00% Multiracial 22 22.45% 52 53.06% 24 24.49% 0 0.00% Native American 4 14.29% 14 50.00% 9 32.14% 1 3.57% Pacific Islander 12 34.29% 20 57.14% 3 8.57% 0 0.00% White 201 15.57% 752 58.25% 333 25.79% 5 0.39% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 125 19.72% 336 53.00% 173 27.29% 0 0.00% Cisgender Man/Boy 991 21.09% 2,648 56.35% 1,046 22.26% 14 0.30% Nonbinary Person 13 23.21% 26 46.43% 17 30.36% 0 0.00% Transgender Man/Boy 5 62.50% 2 25.00% 1 12.50% 0 0.00% Transgender Woman/Girl 0 0.00% 1 25.00% 3 75.00% 0 0.00% 1 ‘Other’ offenses include charges where the type of charge is either unclearly stated in the statute, is a parole/probation violation, or the code is used for administrative use. puorG egA 1-9 Years 0 0.00% 2 100.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 10-14 Years 25 36.23% 26 37.68% 18 26.09% 0 0.00% 15-17 Years 110 28.57% 206 53.51% 69 17.92% 0 0.00% 18-24 Years 300 20.56% 883 60.52% 274 18.78% 2 0.14% 25-34 Years 405 23.30% 949 54.60% 380 21.86% 4 0.23% 35-44 Years 211 19.38% 605 55.56% 268 24.61% 5 0.46% 45-54 Years 70 16.28% 231 53.72% 128 29.77% 1 0.23% 55-64 Years 8 4.94% 82 50.62% 70 43.21% 2 1.23% 65+ Years 5 7.46% 29 43.28% 33 49.25% 0 0.00% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 12 17.65% 37 54.41% 19 27.94% 0 0.00% Straight/Heterosexual 1,122 21.04% 2,976 55.80% 1,221 22.90% 14 0.26% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 1,084 21.19% 2,858 55.87% 1,159 22.66% 14 0.27% Limited/No English Fluency 50 17.48% 155 54.20% 81 28.32% 0 0.00% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 7 8.64% 50 61.73% 24 29.63% 0 0.00% No Disability 1,127 21.18% 2,963 55.70% 1,216 22.86% 14 0.26% gnisuoH sutatS % Felony Infraction % Infraction Misdemeanor % % Other Felony Law Other1 Law Law Law Law Law Misdemeanor Law Identity Enforcement Enforcement Subgroup Enforcement Enforcement Enforcement Enforcement Law Enforcement Group Evasion Stop Evasion Stop Evasion Evasion Stop Evasion Evasion Stop Enforcement Evasion Count Count Stops Count Stops Count Evasion Stops Stops Housed 1,101 21.23% 2,939 56.68% 1,131 21.81% 14 0.27% Unhoused 33 15.28% 74 34.26% 109 50.46% 0 0.00% Overall 1,134 21.00% 3,013 55.79% 1,240 22.96% 14 0.26% Table B8: Percent of Traffic Stops Involving Evasion of Law Enforcement by Perceived Race/Ethnicity Law Enforcement % Law Enforcement Identity Subgroup Evasion Traffic Evasion Traffic Group Stop Count Stops yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 129 2.29% Black 1,053 18.67% Hispanic/Latine(x) 2,787 49.41% Middle Eastern/South Asian 148 2.62% Multiracial 103 1.83% Native American 30 0.53% Pacific Islander 37 0.66% White 1,354 24.00% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 655 11.61% Cisgender Man/Boy 4,914 87.11% Nonbinary Person 59 1.05% Transgender Man/Boy 9 0.16% Transgender Woman/Girl 4 0.07% puorG egA 1-9 Years 3 0.05% 10-14 Years 71 1.26% 15-17 Years 397 7.04% 18-24 Years 1,512 26.80% 25-34 Years 1,818 32.23% 35-44 Years 1,146 20.32% 45-54 Years 449 7.96% 55-64 Years 176 3.12% 65+ Years 69 1.22% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 74 1.31% Straight/Heterosexual 5,567 98.69% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 5,341 94.68% Limited/No English Fluency 300 5.32% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 84 1.49% No Disability 5,557 98.51% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 5,411 95.92% Unhoused 230 4.08% Overall 5,641 100.00% Table B9: Reasons for Stop in Law Enforcement Evasion Stops by Perceived Identity Group Consensual % Consensual Traffic Education % Identity % Traffic Encounter Encounter Subgroup Violation Code Education Group Violation Resulting in a Resulting in a Count Count Code Search Count Search yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 105 81.40% 1 0.78% 0 0.00% Black 724 68.76% 2 0.19% 0 0.00% Hispanic/Latine(x) 2,061 73.95% 3 0.11% 0 0.00% Middle Eastern/South Asian 123 83.11% 1 0.68% 0 0.00% Multiracial 69 66.99% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Native American 24 80.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Pacific Islander 26 70.27% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% White 1,033 76.29% 3 0.22% 0 0.00% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 478 72.98% 2 0.31% 0 0.00% Cisgender Man/Boy 3,634 73.95% 8 0.16% 0 0.00% Nonbinary Person 47 79.66% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Transgender Man/Boy 4 44.44% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Transgender Woman/Girl 2 50.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% puorG egA 1-9 Years 2 66.67% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 10-14 Years 43 60.56% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 15-17 Years 284 71.54% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 18-24 Years 1,225 81.02% 2 0.13% 0 0.00% 25-34 Years 1,299 71.45% 3 0.17% 0 0.00% 35-44 Years 809 70.59% 4 0.35% 0 0.00% 45-54 Years 314 69.93% 1 0.22% 0 0.00% 55-64 Years 131 74.43% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 65+ Years 58 84.06% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 56 75.68% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Straight/Heterosexual 4,109 73.81% 10 0.18% 0 0.00% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 3,938 73.73% 10 0.19% 0 0.00% Limited/No English Fluency 227 75.67% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 64 76.19% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% No Disability 4,101 73.80% 10 0.18% 0 0.00% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 4,054 74.92% 8 0.15% 0 0.00% Unhoused 111 48.26% 2 0.87% 0 0.00% Overall 4,165 73.83% 10 0.18% 0 0.00% Probable % School Mandatory % Identity % School Subgroup Cause Probable Policy Supervision Mandatory Group Policy Count Cause Count Count Supervision yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 1 0.78% 0 0.00% 1 0.78% Black 56 5.32% 0 0.00% 3 0.28% Hispanic/Latine(x) 143 5.13% 0 0.00% 9 0.32% Middle Eastern/South Asian 7 4.73% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Multiracial 7 6.80% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Native American 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 1 3.33% Pacific Islander 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% White 64 4.73% 0 0.00% 6 0.44% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 37 5.65% 0 0.00% 2 0.31% Cisgender Man/Boy 237 4.82% 0 0.00% 18 0.37% Nonbinary Person 3 5.08% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Transgender Man/Boy 1 11.11% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Transgender Woman/Girl 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% puorG egA 1-9 Years 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 10-14 Years 5 7.04% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 15-17 Years 27 6.80% 0 0.00% 1 0.25% 18-24 Years 54 3.57% 0 0.00% 4 0.26% 25-34 Years 98 5.39% 0 0.00% 11 0.61% 35-44 Years 52 4.54% 0 0.00% 3 0.26% 45-54 Years 33 7.35% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 55-64 Years 4 2.27% 0 0.00% 1 0.57% 65+ Years 5 7.25% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 3 4.05% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Straight/Heterosexual 275 4.94% 0 0.00% 20 0.36% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 266 4.98% 0 0.00% 19 0.36% Limited/No English Fluency 12 4.00% 0 0.00% 1 0.33% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 1 1.19% 0 0.00% 1 1.19% No Disability 277 4.98% 0 0.00% 19 0.34% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 249 4.60% 0 0.00% 19 0.35% Unhoused 29 12.61% 0 0.00% 1 0.43% Overall 278 4.93% 0 0.00% 20 0.35% Reasonable % Warrant % Identity Truancy % Subgroup Suspicion Reasonable /Wanted Warrant/ Group Count Truancy Count Suspicion Count Wanted yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 21 16.28% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Black 236 22.41% 0 0.00% 26 2.47% Hispanic/Latine(x) 515 18.48% 2 0.07% 50 1.79% Middle Eastern/South Asian 14 9.46% 0 0.00% 3 2.03% Multiracial 24 23.30% 0 0.00% 3 2.91% Native American 4 13.33% 0 0.00% 1 3.33% Pacific Islander 10 27.03% 0 0.00% 1 2.70% White 207 15.29% 3 0.22% 37 2.73% redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 126 19.24% 1 0.15% 9 1.37% Cisgender Man/Boy 893 18.17% 4 0.08% 109 2.22% Nonbinary Person 6 10.17% 0 0.00% 3 5.08% Transgender Man/Boy 4 44.44% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% Transgender Woman/Girl 2 50.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% puorG egA 1-9 Years 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 1 33.33% 10-14 Years 21 29.58% 0 0.00% 1 1.41% 15-17 Years 81 20.40% 0 0.00% 2 0.50% 18-24 Years 193 12.76% 0 0.00% 30 1.98% 25-34 Years 370 20.35% 3 0.17% 31 1.71% 35-44 Years 244 21.29% 2 0.17% 31 2.71% 45-54 Years 88 19.60% 0 0.00% 13 2.90% 55-64 Years 30 17.05% 0 0.00% 10 5.68% 65+ Years 4 5.80% 0 0.00% 2 2.90% lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 11 14.86% 0 0.00% 2 2.70% Straight/Heterosexual 1,020 18.32% 5 0.09% 119 2.14% hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 976 18.27% 4 0.07% 118 2.21% Limited/No English Fluency 55 18.33% 1 0.33% 3 1.00% ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 16 19.05% 0 0.00% 1 1.19% No Disability 1,015 18.27% 5 0.09% 120 2.16% gnisuoH sutatS Housed 952 17.59% 4 0.07% 115 2.13% Unhoused 79 34.35% 1 0.43% 6 2.61% Overall 1,031 18.28% 5 0.09% 121 2.15% Total Law Identity WIC 5150 % WIC Subgroup Enforcement Group Count 5150 Evasion Stops yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 0 0.00% 129 (100%) Black 6 0.57% 1,053 (100%) Hispanic/Latine(x) 4 0.14% 2,787 (100%) Middle Eastern/South Asian 0 0.00% 148 (100%) Multiracial 0 0.00% 103 (100%) Native American 0 0.00% 30 (100%) Pacific Islander 0 0.00% 37 (100%) White 1 0.07% 1,354 (100%) redneG Cisgender Woman/Girl 0 0.00% 655 (100%) Cisgender Man/Boy 11 0.22% 4,914 (100%) Nonbinary Person 0 0.00% 59 (100%) Transgender Man/Boy 0 0.00% 9 (100%) Transgender Woman/Girl 0 0.00% 4 (100%) puorG egA 1-9 Years 0 0.00% 3 (100%) 10-14 Years 1 1.41% 71 (100%) 15-17 Years 2 0.50% 397 (100%) 18-24 Years 4 0.26% 1,512 (100%) 25-34 Years 3 0.17% 1,818 (100%) 35-44 Years 1 0.09% 1,146 (100%) 45-54 Years 0 0.00% 449 (100%) 55-64 Years 0 0.00% 176 (100%) 65+ Years 0 0.00% 69 (100%) lauxeS noitatneirO LGB+ 2 2.70% 74 (100%) Straight/Heterosexual 9 0.16% 5,567 (100%) hsilgnE ycneulF English Fluent 10 0.19% 5,341 (100%) Limited/No English Fluency 1 0.33% 300 (100%) ytilibasiD sutatS Disability 1 1.19% 84 (100%) No Disability 10 0.18% 5,557 (100%) gnisuoH sutatS Housed 10 0.18% 5,411 (100%) Unhoused 1 0.43% 230 (100%) Overall 11 0.20% 5,641 (100%) Table B10: LAPD Stop Count by Month and Year (All Stops 2021-2024) Year Month LAPD Stop Count 1202 Jan 37,063 Feb 44,302 Mar 43,221 Apr 37,681 May 38,672 Jun 35,955 Jul 36,823 Aug 38,669 Sep 37,772 Oct 30,987 Nov 25,501 Dec 22,661 2202 Jan 27,489 Feb 27,923 Mar 28,631 Apr 26,973 May 28,862 Jun 23,832 Jul 26,110 Aug 31,806 Sep 30,758 Oct 28,122 Nov 26,101 Dec 24,541 Year Month LAPD Stop Count 3202 Jan 26,143 Feb 26,711 Mar 27,447 Apr 34,339 May 36,496 Jun 34,650 Jul 29,783 Aug 26,867 Sep 27,482 Oct 26,638 Nov 27,559 Dec 26,016 4202 Jan 30,506 Feb 27,017 Mar 29,378 Apr 29,854 May 28,691 Jun 23,022 Jul 28,451 Aug 31,067 Sep 30,547 Oct 30,450 Nov 30,213 Dec 29,421 Table B11: LAPD Stops by Year, Month, and Traffic Violation Category (100 Most Common Reason for Stop Codes) Local Moving Non-Moving Reasonable Year Month Ordinance Violation Violation Suspicion Count Count Count Count 1202 Jan 127 13,056 12,981 86 Feb 127 16,507 16,058 112 Mar 141 16,186 14,982 155 Apr 119 14,106 12,697 165 May 150 14,520 12,910 109 Jun 167 13,984 11,630 119 Jul 172 13,986 11,718 104 Aug 227 12,869 14,058 134 Sep 195 12,538 14,142 170 Oct 194 9,685 10,867 102 Nov 151 8,848 8,118 86 Dec 57 7,718 7,645 67 2202 Jan 93 9,317 9,526 86 Feb 138 9,967 9,113 86 Mar 145 13,105 5,144 130 Apr 140 12,231 4,452 113 May 157 12,750 5,466 124 Jun 160 9,306 4,713 127 Jul 73 11,015 5,310 118 Aug 125 13,702 6,592 186 Sep 102 13,734 6,265 86 Oct 49 11,522 5,929 36 Nov 47 10,962 5,387 21 Dec 71 10,602 4,648 29 Local Moving Non-Moving Reasonable Year Month Ordinance Violation Violation Suspicion Count Count Count Count 3202 Jan 43 12,308 4,831 37 Feb 67 13,248 4,669 30 Mar 55 12,612 5,113 17 Apr 96 15,835 6,829 19 May 98 16,825 7,359 20 Jun 69 16,451 5,819 27 Jul 99 12,562 5,469 22 Aug 102 10,596 5,016 13 Sep 123 10,881 4,991 8 Oct 78 11,295 4,284 12 Nov 40 11,488 4,940 9 Dec 58 10,133 4,838 23 4202 Jan 86 12,905 5,552 18 Feb 67 11,135 5,071 16 Mar 101 11,690 5,406 23 Apr 103 12,840 5,376 23 May 103 12,889 4,635 26 Jun 73 8,897 3,559 16 Jul 163 11,806 4,633 20 Aug 150 12,400 5,022 9 Sep 103 12,929 4,690 22 Oct 70 13,471 4,763 15 Nov 76 12,781 5,164 25 Dec 100 12,441 5,017 10 Table B12: LAPD Stops by Year, Perceived Race/Ethnicity, and Traffic Offense Category (100 Most Common Reason for Stop Codes) Local Moving Non-Moving Reasonable Year Race/Ethnicity Ordinance Violation Violation Suspicion Count Count Count Count 1202 Asian 26 7,737 2,378 8 Black 353 28,863 48,180 295 Hispanic/Latine(x) 1,128 72,699 76,035 999 Middle Eastern/South Asian 47 10,794 3,920 9 Multiracial 3 1,050 949 7 Native American 1 62 43 1 Pacific Islander 0 427 200 2 White 269 32,371 16,101 88 2202 Asian 28 6,850 1,092 6 Black 227 24,882 21,943 213 Hispanic/Latine(x) 834 67,372 40,117 814 Middle Eastern/South Asian 28 8,441 1,626 7 Multiracial 3 1,400 499 3 Native American 0 71 32 0 Pacific Islander 4 338 105 3 White 176 28,859 7,131 96 3202 Asian 14 7,782 862 0 Black 118 27,616 17,361 81 Hispanic/Latine(x) 664 74,640 37,602 136 Middle Eastern/South Asian 14 9,574 1,595 5 Multiracial 4 1,636 395 0 Native American 0 94 26 0 Pacific Islander 1 434 111 0 White 113 32,458 6,206 15 4202 Asian 17 7,553 739 0 Black 249 26,085 16,915 75 Hispanic/Latine(x) 755 70,575 34,032 121 Middle Eastern/South Asian 26 9,289 1,371 2 Multiracial 2 1,526 253 0 Native American 1 71 18 0 Pacific Islander 2 407 77 0 White 143 30,678 5,483 25 Table B13: LAPD Search Rates (No Terry Frisk) by Month and Year (All Stops 2021- 2024) LAPD Search Count % LAPD Search Year Month (No Terry Frisk) (No Terry Frisk) 1202 Jan 10,662 28.77% Feb 11,045 24.93% Mar 10,980 25.40% Apr 9,870 26.19% May 10,212 26.41% Jun 9,440 26.26% Jul 9,985 27.12% Aug 10,221 26.43% Sep 9,082 24.04% Oct 7,953 25.67% Nov 7,144 28.01% Dec 6,774 29.89% 2202 Jan 8,248 30.00% Feb 8,015 28.70% Mar 7,448 26.01% Apr 7,304 27.08% May 7,876 27.29% Jun 7,592 31.86% Jul 8,156 31.24% Aug 8,820 27.73% Sep 7,790 25.33% Oct 7,809 27.77% Nov 7,703 29.51% Dec 7,271 29.63% LAPD Search Count % LAPD Search Year Month (No Terry Frisk) (No Terry Frisk) 3202 Jan 7,575 28.98% Feb 7,485 28.02% Mar 8,195 29.86% Apr 8,943 26.04% May 9,275 25.41% Jun 8,721 25.17% Jul 8,932 29.99% Aug 8,398 31.26% Sep 8,130 29.58% Oct 7,523 28.24% Nov 8,264 29.99% Dec 8,240 31.67% 4202 Jan 5,956 19.52% Feb 5,205 19.27% Mar 5,667 19.29% Apr 5,563 18.63% May 5,186 18.08% Jun 4,780 20.76% Jul 5,714 20.08% Aug 6,041 19.45% Sep 5,762 18.86% Oct 5,679 18.65% Nov 5,732 18.97% Dec 5,725 19.46% Table B14: LAPD Searches by Perceived Race/Ethnicity, Year, and Traffic Offense Category (100 Most Common Reason for Stop Codes) Local Moving % Local Local % Moving Moving Ordinance Violation Year Race/Ethnicity Ordinance Ordinance Violation Violation Search Search Searched Stop Count Searched Stop Count Count Count 1202 Asian 0 0.00% 26 74 0.96% 7,737 Black 76 21.53% 353 5,029 17.42% 28,863 Hispanic/Latine(x) 128 11.35% 1,128 6,167 8.48% 72,699 Middle Eastern/South Asian 7 14.89% 47 155 1.44% 10,794 Multiracial 1 33.33% 3 61 5.81% 1,050 Native American 0 0.00% 1 4 6.45% 62 Pacific Islander 0 0.00% 0 11 2.58% 427 White 18 6.69% 269 606 1.87% 32,371 2202 Asian 2 7.14% 28 54 0.79% 6,850 Black 63 27.75% 227 4,467 17.95% 24,882 Hispanic/Latine(x) 144 17.27% 834 7,471 11.09% 67,372 Middle Eastern/South Asian 4 14.29% 28 144 1.71% 8,441 Multiracial 0 0.00% 3 79 5.64% 1,400 Native American 0 0.00% 0 3 4.23% 71 Pacific Islander 2 50.00% 4 11 3.25% 338 White 19 10.80% 176 589 2.04% 28,859 3202 Asian 1 7.14% 14 82 1.05% 7,782 Black 43 36.44% 118 5,147 18.64% 27,616 Hispanic/Latine(x) 139 20.93% 664 8,555 11.46% 74,640 Middle Eastern/South Asian 0 0.00% 14 179 1.87% 9,574 Multiracial 0 0.00% 4 39 2.38% 1,636 Native American 0 0.00% 0 3 3.19% 94 Pacific Islander 0 0.00% 1 12 2.76% 434 White 11 9.73% 113 690 2.13% 32,458 Local Moving % Local Local % Moving Moving Ordinance Violation Year Race/Ethnicity Ordinance Ordinance Violation Violation Search Search Searched Stop Count Searched Stop Count Count Count 4202 Asian 2 11.76% 17 46 0.61% 7,553 Black 71 28.51% 249 3,536 13.56% 26,085 Hispanic/Latine(x) 147 19.47% 755 4,849 6.87% 70,575 Middle Eastern/South Asian 2 7.69% 26 109 1.17% 9,289 Multiracial 0 0.00% 2 17 1.11% 1,526 Native American 0 0.00% 1 0 0.00% 71 Pacific Islander 0 0.00% 2 6 1.47% 407 White 14 9.79% 143 412 1.34% 30,678 Non-Moving % Non- Non- Reasonable % Reasonable Violation Moving Moving Suspicion Reasonable Year Race/Ethnicity Suspicion Search Violation Violation Search Suspicion Stop Count Count Searched Stop Count Count Searched 1202 Asian 122 5.13% 2,378 3 37.50% 8 Black 15,586 32.35% 48,180 191 64.75% 295 Hispanic/Latine(x) 17,913 23.56% 76,035 345 34.53% 999 Middle Eastern/South Asian 344 8.78% 3,920 2 22.22% 9 Multiracial 241 25.40% 949 1 14.29% 7 Native American 6 13.95% 43 0 0.00% 1 Pacific Islander 23 11.50% 200 2 100.00% 2 White 1,700 10.56% 16,101 47 53.41% 88 2202 Asian 82 7.51% 1,092 3 50.00% 6 Black 6,669 30.39% 21,943 114 53.52% 213 Hispanic/Latine(x) 10,196 25.42% 40,117 311 38.21% 814 Middle Eastern/South Asian 157 9.66% 1,626 2 28.57% 7 Multiracial 131 26.25% 499 1 33.33% 3 Native American 4 12.50% 32 0 0.00% 0 Pacific Islander 16 15.24% 105 2 66.67% 3 White 845 11.85% 7,131 42 43.75% 96 Non-Moving % Non- Non- Reasonable % Reasonable Violation Moving Moving Suspicion Reasonable Year Race/Ethnicity Suspicion Search Violation Violation Search Suspicion Stop Count Count Searched Stop Count Count Searched 3202 Asian 73 8.47% 862 0 0.00% 0 Black 5,587 32.18% 17,361 42 51.85% 81 Hispanic/Latine(x) 10,223 27.19% 37,602 50 36.76% 136 Middle Eastern/South Asian 172 10.78% 1,595 2 40.00% 5 Multiracial 83 21.01% 395 0 0.00% 0 Native American 2 7.69% 26 0 0.00% 0 Pacific Islander 16 14.41% 111 0 0.00% 0 White 794 12.79% 6,206 5 33.33% 15 4202 Asian 48 6.50% 739 0 0.00% 0 Black 4,178 24.70% 16,915 21 28.00% 75 Hispanic/Latine(x) 6,148 18.07% 34,032 43 35.54% 121 Middle Eastern/South Asian 113 8.24% 1,371 0 0.00% 2 Multiracial 18 7.11% 253 0 0.00% 0 Native American 2 11.11% 18 0 0.00% 0 Pacific Islander 10 12.99% 77 0 0.00% 0 White 569 10.38% 5,483 6 24.00% 25 Table B15: LAPD Discovery Rate (No Terry Frisks) by Month and Year (All Stops 2021-2024) LAPD Searches % LAPD Search Year Month with Contraband Discovery Discovery Count 1202 Jan 2,541 23.83% Feb 2,658 24.07% Mar 2,746 25.01% Apr 2,550 25.84% May 2,493 24.41% Jun 2,311 24.48% Jul 2,672 26.76% Aug 2,694 26.36% Sep 2,274 25.04% Oct 2,109 26.52% Nov 1,864 26.09% Dec 1,741 25.70% 2202 Jan 2,146 26.02% Feb 2,224 27.75% Mar 2,113 28.37% Apr 1,884 25.79% May 2,086 26.49% Jun 1,948 25.66% Jul 2,046 25.09% Aug 2,074 23.51% Sep 2,064 26.50% Oct 2,124 27.20% Nov 2,010 26.09% Dec 1,904 26.19% LAPD Searches % LAPD Search Year Month with Contraband Discovery Discovery Count 3202 Jan 1,982 26.17% Feb 1,993 26.63% Mar 2,213 27.00% Apr 2,320 25.94% May 2,392 25.79% Jun 2,264 25.96% Jul 2,305 25.81% Aug 2,268 27.01% Sep 2,222 27.33% Oct 2,052 27.28% Nov 2,127 25.74% Dec 2,177 26.42% 4202 Jan 1,992 33.45% Feb 1,678 32.24% Mar 1,950 34.41% Apr 1,825 32.81% May 1,724 33.24% Jun 1,580 33.05% Jul 1,722 30.14% Aug 1,956 32.38% Sep 1,892 32.84% Oct 1,844 32.47% Nov 1,835 32.01% Dec 1,875 32.75% Table B16: LAPD Discovery Rate by Perceived Race/Ethnicity, Traffic Offense Category, and Year (100 Most Common Reason for Stop Codes) Local Local Moving Moving % Local % Moving Ordinance Ordinance Violation Violation Year Race/Ethnicity Ordinance Violation Discovery Search Discovery Search Discovery Discovery Count Count Count Count 1202 Asian 0 0.00% 0 16 21.62% 74 Black 27 35.53% 76 1,156 22.99% 5,029 Hispanic/Latine(x) 56 43.75% 128 1,039 16.85% 6,167 Middle Eastern/South 2 28.57% 7 30 19.35% 155 Asian Multiracial 0 0.00% 1 17 27.87% 61 Native American 0 0.00% 0 1 25.00% 4 Pacific Islander 0 0.00% 0 1 9.09% 11 White 3 16.67% 18 142 23.43% 606 2202 Asian 1 50.00% 2 10 18.52% 54 Black 27 42.86% 63 1,036 23.19% 4,467 Hispanic/Latine(x) 59 40.97% 144 1,336 17.88% 7,471 Middle Eastern/South 1 25.00% 4 29 20.14% 144 Asian Multiracial 0 0.00% 0 22 27.85% 79 Native American 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00% 3 Pacific Islander 1 50.00% 2 4 36.36% 11 White 1 5.26% 19 135 22.92% 589 3202 Asian 0 0.00% 1 13 15.85% 82 Black 18 41.86% 43 1,280 24.87% 5,147 Hispanic/Latine(x) 40 28.78% 139 1,754 20.50% 8,555 Middle Eastern/South 0 0.00% 0 47 26.26% 179 Asian Multiracial 0 0.00% 0 9 23.08% 39 Native American 0 0.00% 0 1 33.33% 3 Pacific Islander 0 0.00% 0 5 41.67% 12 White 2 18.18% 11 219 31.74% 690 Local Local Moving Moving % Local % Moving Ordinance Ordinance Violation Violation Year Race/Ethnicity Ordinance Violation Discovery Search Discovery Search Discovery Discovery Count Count Count Count 4202 Asian 2 100.00% 2 21 45.65% 46 Black 34 47.89% 71 1,160 32.81% 3,536 Hispanic/Latine(x) 56 38.10% 147 1,479 30.50% 4,849 Middle Eastern/South 0 0.00% 2 36 33.03% 109 Asian Multiracial 0 0.00% 0 4 23.53% 17 Native American 0 0.00% 0 0 0.00% 0 Pacific Islander 0 0.00% 0 4 66.67% 6 White 5 35.71% 14 132 32.04% 412 Non-Moving % Non- Non-Moving Reasonable % Reasonable Violation Moving Violation Suspicion Reasonable Suspicion Year Race/Ethnicity Discovery Violation Search Discovery Suspicion Search Count Discovery Count Count Discovery Count 1202 Asian 22 18.03% 122 0 0.00% 3 Black 4,128 26.49% 15,586 45 23.56% 191 Hispanic/Latine(x) 3,299 18.42% 17,913 141 40.87% 345 Middle Eastern/South 70 20.35% 344 2 100.00% 2 Asian Multiracial 29 12.03% 241 1 100.00% 1 Native American 4 66.67% 6 0 0.00% 0 Pacific Islander 7 30.43% 23 0 0.00% 2 White 390 22.94% 1,700 14 29.79% 47 2202 Asian 21 25.61% 82 0 0.00% 3 Black 1,882 28.22% 6,669 20 17.54% 114 Hispanic/Latine(x) 2,088 20.48% 10,196 110 35.37% 311 Middle Eastern/South 22 14.01% 157 0 0.00% 2 Asian Multiracial 27 20.61% 131 1 100.00% 1 Native American 2 50.00% 4 0 0.00% 0 Pacific Islander 5 31.25% 16 0 0.00% 2 White 177 20.95% 845 13 30.95% 42 Non-Moving % Non- Non-Moving Reasonable % Reasonable Violation Moving Violation Suspicion Reasonable Suspicion Year Race/Ethnicity Discovery Violation Search Discovery Suspicion Search Count Discovery Count Count Discovery Count 3202 Asian 16 21.92% 73 0 0.00% 0 Black 1,475 26.40% 5,587 15 35.71% 42 Hispanic/Latine(x) 2,219 21.71% 10,223 16 32.00% 50 Middle Eastern/South 47 27.33% 172 1 50.00% 2 Asian Multiracial 16 19.28% 83 0 0.00% 0 Native American 0 0.00% 2 0 0.00% 0 Pacific Islander 1 6.25% 16 0 0.00% 0 White 203 25.57% 794 1 20.00% 5 4202 Asian 16 33.33% 48 0 0.00% 0 Black 1,325 31.71% 4,178 6 28.57% 21 Hispanic/Latine(x) 1,736 28.24% 6,148 10 23.26% 43 Middle Eastern/South 38 33.63% 113 0 0.00% 0 Asian Multiracial 7 38.89% 18 0 0.00% 0 Native American 0 0.00% 2 0 0.00% 0 Pacific Islander 8 80.00% 10 0 0.00% 0 White 206 36.20% 569 4 66.67% 6 Table B17: SFPD Monthly Stop Counts (Stops Impacted by Pretext Policy) 2023 Stops All 2023 2024 Stops All 2024 % 2023 Stops % 2024 Stops Impacted by SFPD Impacted by SFPD Month Impacted by Impacted by SFPD Pretext Stop SFPD Pretext Stop Pretext Policy Pretext Policy Policy Count Count Policy Count Count Jul 48 11.11% 432 55 4.76% 1,156 Aug 70 8.79% 796 135 6.06% 2,226 Sep 109 11.17% 976 98 4.12% 2,379 Oct 98 10.85% 903 139 5.41% 2,571 Nov 80 11.14% 718 106 4.88% 2,171 Dec 111 13.93% 797 107 4.87% 2,196 Table B18: SFPD Stops by Month and Year (All Stops 2023-2024) Year Month Stop Count 3202 Jan 1,214 Feb 1,257 Mar 1,600 Apr 1,588 May 1,877 Jun 1,298 Jul 846 Aug 782 Sep 948 Oct 875 Nov 698 Dec 768 4202 Jan 1,400 Feb 1,698 Mar 2,417 Apr 2,671 May 2,846 Jun 2,545 Jul 2,320 Aug 2,185 Sep 2,352 Oct 2,534 Nov 2,136 Dec 2,164 Table B19: LAPD Search and Terry Frisk Rates by Month and Year (All Stops 2021- 2024) LAPD Search and % LAPD Search Year Month Terry Frisk Count and Terry Frisk 1202 Jan 10,662 28.77% Feb 11,045 24.93% Mar 10,980 25.40% Apr 9,870 26.19% May 10,212 26.41% Jun 9,440 26.26% Jul 9,985 27.12% Aug 10,221 26.43% Sep 9,082 24.04% Oct 7,953 25.67% Nov 7,144 28.01% Dec 6,774 29.89% 2202 Jan 8,248 30.00% Feb 8,015 28.70% Mar 7,448 26.01% Apr 7,304 27.08% May 7,876 27.29% Jun 7,592 31.86% Jul 8,156 31.24% Aug 8,820 27.73% Sep 7,790 25.33% Oct 7,809 27.77% Nov 7,703 29.51% Dec 7,271 29.63% LAPD Search and % LAPD Search Year Month Terry Frisk Count and Terry Frisk 3202 Jan 7,575 28.98% Feb 7,485 28.02% Mar 8,195 29.86% Apr 8,943 26.04% May 9,275 25.41% Jun 8,721 25.17% Jul 8,932 29.99% Aug 8,398 31.26% Sep 8,130 29.58% Oct 7,523 28.24% Nov 8,264 29.99% Dec 8,240 31.67% 4202 Jan 8,749 28.68% Feb 7,952 29.43% Mar 8,826 30.04% Apr 8,933 29.92% May 8,192 28.55% Jun 7,817 33.95% Jul 9,239 32.47% Aug 10,032 32.29% Sep 9,599 31.42% Oct 9,463 31.08% Nov 9,952 32.94% Dec 9,716 33.02% Table B20: LAPD Search and Terry Frisk Contraband Discovery Rate by Month and Year (All Stops 2021-2024) LAPD Discovery % LAPD Discovery Year Month Count (Searches and (Search and Terry Terry Frisks) Frisks) 1202 Jan 2,541 23.83% Feb 2,658 24.07% Mar 2,746 25.01% Apr 2,550 25.84% May 2,493 24.41% Jun 2,311 24.48% Jul 2,672 26.76% Aug 2,694 26.36% Sep 2,274 25.04% Oct 2,109 26.52% Nov 1,864 26.09% Dec 1,741 25.70% 2202 Jan 2,146 26.02% Feb 2,224 27.75% Mar 2,113 28.37% Apr 1,884 25.79% May 2,086 26.49% Jun 1,948 25.66% Jul 2,046 25.09% Aug 2,074 23.51% Sep 2,064 26.50% Oct 2,124 27.20% Nov 2,010 26.09% Dec 1,904 26.19% LAPD Discovery % LAPD Discovery Year Month Count (Searches and (Search and Terry Terry Frisks) Frisks) 3202 Jan 1,982 26.17% Feb 1,993 26.63% Mar 2,213 27.00% Apr 2,320 25.94% May 2,392 25.79% Jun 2,264 25.96% Jul 2,305 25.81% Aug 2,268 27.01% Sep 2,222 27.33% Oct 2,052 27.28% Nov 2,127 25.74% Dec 2,177 26.42% 4202 Jan 2,487 28.43% Feb 2,112 26.56% Mar 2,515 28.50% Apr 2,410 26.98% May 2,243 27.38% Jun 2,074 26.53% Jul 2,306 24.96% Aug 2,538 25.30% Sep 2,458 25.61% Oct 2,376 25.11% Nov 2,427 24.39% Dec 2,447 25.19% Table B21: Contraband Discovery Rate in Searches (No Terry Frisks) vs. Terry Frisks (No Searches) at LAPD in 2024 Searches with Terry Frisks with % Search % Terry Frisk Agency Contraband Contraband Discovery Discovery Discovery Discovery Los Angeles PD 13,262 31.23% 6,520 15.73% Table B22. Actions Taken During a Law Enforcement Evasion Stop by Perceived Identity Group Due to its large size, Table B22 is available in an .xslx file at https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press- docs/2026%20RIPA%20Report%20Large%20Appendix%20Tables.xlsx Table B23. LAPD 100 Most Common Offense Codes, 2018-2024 Due to its large size, Table B23 is available in an .xslx file at https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press- docs/2026%20RIPA%20Report%20Large%20Appendix%20Tables.xlsx Table B24. SFPD Offense Codes That Fall Under Pretext Stop Policy Due to its large size, Table B24 is available in an .xslx file at https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press- docs/2026%20RIPA%20Report%20Large%20Appendix%20Tables.xlsx Annual Report 2026 Appendix C Figures Racial and Identity Profiling Advisory Board Figure C1. Average Number of Actions Taken During a Stop by Perceived Race/Ethnicity: Stops With At Least 1 Action 3 2.83 2.74 2.76 2.76 2.71 2.61 2.39 2.5 2.33 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Asian Black Hispanic/ Middle Multiracial Native Pacific White Latine(x) Eastern/ American Islander South Asian fo rebmuN egarevA potS reP nekaT snoitcA Overall Average Number of Actions Taken: 2.70 Alt text: A bar chart comparing the average number of actions taken during a stop with actions by perceived race/ethnicity shows that the average number of actions are relatively similar across races. Officers report the highest average number of actions for Black, Multiracial, and Native American individuals, and the lowest for Middle Eastern/South Asian and Asian individuals. The difference, though, is by approximately 0.5 actions or less. Figure C2. Actions Taken During Stop by Perceived Gender %21.2 %54.9 %86.6 %92.1 %62.5 %39.3 %51.31 %97.01 %18.2 %58.8 %31.3 %43.51 %48.9 %28.2 %65.7 %56.4 %89.91 %18.81 %66.3 %96.31 %01.4 %84.12 %55.91 %20.3 %92.41 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Cisgender Cisgender Nonbinary Transgender Transgender Woman/Girl Man/Boy Person Man/Boy Woman/Girl spotS fo tnecreP Asked Parole Status Detained Handcuffed Consent Searches Other Searches Alt text: A bar chart comparing the percentage of the most frequent actions taken during a stop by perceived gender shows that officers ask parole status, detain, handcuff, and have searches without asking consent more frequently in stops of transgender man/boy and transgender woman/girls than others. Figure C3. Actions Taken During Stop by Perceived Housing Status 49.22% 50% 40% 37.90% 29.23% 30% 20% 10.79% 11.99% 8.62% 8.83% 10% 7.06% 3.11% 2.15% 0% Housed Unhoused spotS fo tnecreP Asked Parole Status Detained Handcuffed Consent Searches Other Searches Alt text: A bar chart comparing the percentage of the most frequent actions taken during a stop by perceived housing status shows that officers search (with and without consent), handcuff, detain, ask parole status almost four times more frequently in stops of unhoused individuals across the four action types compared to housed individuals. Figure C4. Most Frequent Results of Stop by Perceived Housing Status Unhoused 26.7% 7.3% 47.3% 18.7% Housed 34.9% 48.4% 11.1% 5.6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Percent of Stops Warning Citation Arrest Other Alt text: A bar chart comparing the most frequent results of stop by housing status shows that unhoused individuals are arrested and have Other Results of stop more frequently compared to housed individuals. Housed individuals are warned and cited more frequently compared to unhoused individuals. Figure C5. Percent of Stops for Each Perceived Race/Ethnicity Involving Individuals with Perceived Limited English Fluency 12% 11.04% 10% 9.08% 8% 7.69% 6% 4.79% 3.88% 4% 3.10% 2.38% 2% 1.52% 0% Asian Black Hispanic/ Middle Multiracial Native Pacific White Latine(x) Eastern/ American Islander South Asian slaudividnI gnivlovnI spotS fo tnecreP ycneulF hsilgnE detimiL deviecreP htiw Figure C6. Average Duration of Stop by Perceived Race/Ethnicity 30 27 22 22 20 19 18 18 15 16 10 0 )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C7. Average Duration of Stop by Perceived Gender 30 29 29 20 19 17 16 10 0 )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C8. Average Duration of Stop by Perceived Sexual Orientation 30 25 19 20 10 0 LGB+ Straight/Heterosexual )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C9. Average Duration of Stop by Perceived Age 40 40 31 30 22 20 20 18 19 18 17 16 10 0 )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C10. Average Duration of Stop by Perceived English Fluency 25 20 20 19 15 10 5 0 English Fluent Limited/No English Fluency )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C11. Average Stop Duration by Perceived Disability 50 45 40 30 19 20 10 0 Disability No Disability )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C12. Average Duration of Stop by Perceived Housing Status 34 30 20 18 10 0 Housed Unhoused )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C13. Average Duration of Stop When Result of Stop is No Action by Race/Ethnicity 30 28 28 20 20 19 19 18 17 17 10 0 )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C14. Average Duration of Stop When Result of Stop is No Action by Perceived Gender 30 25 23 21 20 19 16 10 0 )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C15. Average Duration of Stop When Result of Stop is No Action by Perceived Sexual Orientation 30 20 19 20 10 0 LGB+ Straight/Heterosexual )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C16. Average Duration of Stop When Result of Stop is No Action by Perceived Age 31 30 29 24 20 20 19 19 19 19 18 10 0 )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C17. Average Duration of Stop When Result of Stop is No Action by Perceived English Fluency 25 20 20 19 15 10 5 0 English Fluent Limited/No English Fluency )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C18. Average Duration of Stop When Result of Stop is No Action by Perceived Disability 30 26 19 20 10 0 Disability No Disability )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C19. Average Duration of Stop When Result of Stop is No Action by Perceived Housing Status 25 20 20 19 15 10 5 0 Housed Unhoused Housing Status )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C20. Average Duration of Stop When No Actions Are Taken During Stop by Perceived Race/Ethnicity 20 15 15 15 14 13 13 12 12 12 10 5 0 )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C21. Average Duration of Stop When No Actions Are Taken During Stop by Perceived Gender 20 16 15 15 13 12 11 10 5 0 )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C22. Average Duration of Stop When No Actions Are Taken During Stop by Perceived Age 25 25 20 17 15 15 13 13 13 13 13 12 10 5 0 )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C23. Average Duration of Stop When No Actions Are Taken During Stop by Perceived English Fluency 15 13 13 10 5 0 English Fluent Limited/No English Fluency )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C24. Average Duration of Stop When No Actions Are Taken During Stop by Perceived Sexual Orientation 15 13 13 10 5 0 LGB+ Straight/Heterosexual )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C25. Average Duration of Stop When No Actions Are Taken During Stop by Perceived Disability 25 23 20 15 13 10 5 0 Disability No Disability )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Figure C26. Average Duration of Stop When No Actions Are Taken During Stop by Perceived Housing Status 20 19 15 13 10 5 0 Housed Unhoused )setuniM( potS fo noitaruD Overall Average Duration of Stop Annual Report 2026 Appendix D Disparity Test Methodology Racial and Identity Profiling Advisory Board D1. Residential Population Comparison Analysis Methodology Considerations and Limitations Using data collected by the United States Census Bureau to compare the racial and ethnic composition of residential populations with the composition of individuals stopped by law enforcement is a common method for monitoring enforcement patterns. There are several known limitations associated with using residential data in comparison to law enforcement stop data. • A residential population (i.e., the racial and/or ethnic distribution of individuals who reside within a given area) represents the people who may be stopped by officers. However, individuals may be stopped outside of their residential area (e.g. commuting to work, tourists). The rate of these “commuter” stops likely varies from agency to agency, and RIPA stop data do not include information on where stopped individuals reside. Additionally, agencies may concentrate their patrol efforts in certain areas and may not have an equal likelihood of encountering residents throughout all areas in their jurisdiction. • Individuals from different groups may also engage in activities, such as driving, with different average frequencies, making them more or less likely to be stopped. • Another consideration concerns the difference between the numbers of times a person may appear in the RIPA stop data compared to the residential population data collected by the United States Census Bureau. A person may be stopped multiple times within a given calendar year, which would require multiple stop data entries for the same person. Identifying whether a person appears in the data more than once is not possible with the information collected in the RIPA stop data. On the other hand, the United States Census Bureau attempts to only count a person once within the American Community Survey (ACS) by implementing procedures that are intended to address unduplicated responses in their data collection efforts.2 Due to our inability to estimate the number of recurrent stop actions – individuals who experience a stop action more than once in a year – the stop actions per capita are reported rather than an estimate of the number of individuals per capita experiencing a stop action. • There are also concerns with response bias in compiling information derived from residential surveys, such as the census; some groups are more difficult to count and may be underestimated in official data. The COVID-19 pandemic presented additional challenges to the Census Bureau’s data collection efforts that subsequently affected the 2020 ACS data.3 The Census Bureau announced that, for purposes of addressing non-response bias due to pandemic-related data collection disruptions, the methodology implemented for the 2020 ACS data is different from previous years. This methodological change will be applied to subsequent estimates that include 2020 data. For additional information about the methodological changes implemented, please visit <https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technical- documentation/user-notes/2022-03.html>. 2 For more information about the United States Census Bureau’s procedures for addressing duplicate responses, please visit <https://www.census.gov/newsroom/blogs/random-samplings/2021/04/how_we_unduplicated.html> [as of Nov. 15, 2023]. 3 For information about the United States Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, please visit <https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/about.html>. • In addition to general concerns with residential population benchmarking, there are also several limitations that are unique to comparing RIPA stop data to ACS data. First, 2024 ACS data were not available through Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) at the time this report was written. 4 The 2024 RIPA stop data demographics were instead compared to the 2023 ACS demographics. Moreover, RIPA stop data regulations and the ACS categorize racial and/or ethnic groups differently. 5 ACS data have racial and/or ethnic groups that are not explicitly captured by RIPA regulations. This is discussed in more detail in the sections below. • Finally, the source of race and/or ethnicity information for each dataset is collected differently. Race and/or ethnicity is recorded for RIPA based on officer’s perception, while ACS respondents self-identify. Thus, comparisons between these datasets operate under the assumption that officers’ perceptions often agree with how an individual self identifies. Methodology Data and Variables for Tables E1 and E2 To perform the residential population comparison analyses, the RIPA analysts compared the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey 5-year data (2019-2023) to the RIPA 2024 Stop Data. In previous years, this analysis used the race/ethnicity categories as defined by the Census Bureau’s Hispanic/Latino Origin by Race table B03002 (see table D1b below). However, a major limitation of this method is that detailed age and intersectional identity data is not available. A way to examine the age and intersectional identity data categories missing from Census tables is to download ACS microdata from IPUMS, a service that provides free access to Census microdata. The microdata includes detailed population information including age, man and woman gender identity, as well as detailed race and ancestry information. Access to the microdata further allowed us to refine the population estimates for race categories to match more closely those as defined by the RIPA regulations. The Census tables categorize race and ethnicity differently than the RIPA regulations. For instance, the Census does not categorize Middle Eastern/South Asian as its own standalone category, but RIPA does. Historically, this meant that certain racial/ethnic categories could not be included in the comparison analysis in past years. However, access to the microdata allows us to recode the original Census racial/ethnic categories using a combination of detailed variables: RACED, HISPAN, ANCESTR1, and ANCESTR2. Page 6 of the RIPA Regulations defines each of the racial/ethnic categories for RIPA’s purposes. These regulations were used as a guide for recoding the Census data. The Black, White, and Native American categories required no substantial recoding, while Middle Eastern/South Asian, Asian, Pacific Islander, Multiracial, and Hispanic/Latine(x) did. For instance, to create a Middle Eastern category, the race, ancestry, and Hispanic ACS variables were used to distinguish who identified as White (RACED=100), had origins in North Africa/Middle East (ANCESTR1 or ANCESTR2=400-496), and did not self-identify as Hispanic (HISPAN=0). This group was then combined with the South Asian group that was created. The Hispanic/Latine(x) category included everyone who self- 4 For information about IPUMS, please visit <https://www.ipums.org/>. 5 For example, RIPA regulations explicitly include Israeli individuals in the Middle Eastern/South Asian group, but the ACS does not have an Israeli category. identified as any one race and Hispanic (HISPAN ≠ 0). Individuals who identified as more than one race and Hispanic/Latine(x) were categorized as Multiracial. This is the same operational definition used to identify Hispanic/Latine(x) individuals in past RIPA reports using the Census Bureau’s Hispanic/Latino Origin by Race table B03002. The resulting numbers were checked against the Census’s reported population demographics (this dataset). As expected, some variables would match up exactly (such as Black and Native American), while others would have different numbers due to the recoding. Additionally, it should be expected that statistics calculated using the IPUMS-downloaded data are different from the official statistics reported by the U.S. Census. This is because official statistics are calculated using restricted-access data, which are more detailed than the publicly accessible data released on IPUMS. As such, the estimates should be within the margin of error, but slight differences are not uncommon. 6 The IPUMS microdata was used for all ACS census comparisons in this report apart from table E6. Data and Variables for Table E6 One of the limitations to using the IPUMS data described above is that location data is not consistently available at smaller-level geographies, such as place. Full place-level analyses, such as the one in Table E6, can be performed when using data directly from the U.S. Census Bureau data portal (as was used in last year’s report). However, this means that the Census’s racial/ethnic categories, which were used for previous year’s RIPA reports and do not match with RIPA’s definitions as closely as those reported in tables E1 and E2, must be used for this specific comparison. As such, it is important to highlight that the ACS variables used for comparisons in Tables E1 and E2 are different than the ACS variables used in Table E6. The differences in the categorizations are demonstrated in Tables D1 and D1b below. Table D1. ACS-RIPA Variable Comparisons for Appendix Tables E1 and E1b RIPA Racial and/or Ethnic Comparison ACS Variable Label Group Asian Asian Black Black Hispanic/Latine(x) Hispanic/Latine(x) Middle Easten/South Asian Middle Easten/South Asian Multiracial Multiracial Native American Native American Other N/A Pacific Islander Pacific Islander White White 6 For more information about this issue, please visit: https://blog.popdata.org/calculations/ Table D1b. ACS-RIPA Variable Comparisons for Appendix Table E1c; Census Table B03002 ACS RIPA Racial and/or Ethnic Variable ACS Variable Label Comparison Group Name B03002_003 Not Hispanic or Latino: White alone White B03002_004 Not Hispanic or Latino: Black or African Black American alone B03002_005 Not Hispanic or Latino: American Indian and Native American Alaska Native alone B03002_006 Not Hispanic or Latino: Asian alone Asian B03002_007 Not Hispanic or Latino: Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Other Pacific Islander alone B03002_008 Not Hispanic or Latino: Some other race alone N/A B03002_009 Not Hispanic or Latino: Two or more races Multiracial B03002_019 Hispanic or Latino: Two or more races B03002_013 Hispanic or Latino: White alone B03002_014 Hispanic or Latino: Black or African American alone B03002_015 Hispanic or Latino: American Indian and Alaska Native alone Hispanic/Latine(x) B03002_016 Hispanic or Latino: Asian alone B03002_017 Hispanic or Latino: Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone B03002_018 Hispanic or Latino: Some other race alone N/A N/A Middle Eastern/South Asian Statistical Analysis Stop demographics for each police department, sheriff’s department, district attorney’s office, or coroner’s office were compared to their primary city or county of service, respectively. 78 For example, the racial and/or ethnic distribution of individuals stopped by San Francisco Police Department was compared to the racial and/or ethnic distribution of San Francisco city residents in the ACS data. There are two exceptions; the first is for California Highway Patrol, which was compared to the state population. Second, only municipal police, county sheriff agencies, county district attorney offices, and county coroner’s offices were included in the residential analyses since their agency jurisdictions are clearly defined in ways that allow comparison to ACS data. The agencies that were excluded due to their jurisdictions failing to align with sampled geographic areas in the ACS will not have 2023 ACS population estimates displayed in Table E2. Benchmarking using residential population data involves comparing the distribution of racial and/or ethnic groups stopped by law enforcement to the distribution of residents in the areas serviced by agencies who submitted data in 2025. Since all law enforcement agencies were required to submit stop data in 2025, it was not necessary to apply the weighting process that was required in previous years. Weighting by agencies was implemented previously with 7 These comparisons are approximate since agency jurisdictions do not always map perfectly to the boundaries of their primary city or county of service. 8 The population estimate for the Central Marin Police Authority was created by summing the population estimates of three places: Corte Madera, Larkspur, and San Anselmo. the intention that the overall state residential population comparison was more reflective of just the areas served by agencies that collected RIPA data. The proportion of the state population within racial and ethnic groups in the ACS is used as a benchmark for the racial and ethnic composition of statewide RIPA reported stops. For example, to calculate the proportion of Asian individuals residing in California, take the group’s respective estimate for the number of Asian residents and divide it by the total state population estimate. This number is then compared to the number of stopped individuals that were perceived to be Asian divided by the total number of stops. The jurisdiction-specific residential population benchmarks are generated by calculating each racial group’s proportion within the respective jurisdiction using the estimates reported in the ACS. Each racial group’s proportion is calculated by taking each individual group’s estimate and dividing it by the sum of the total population for a given jurisdiction. For example, to find the population benchmark of Asian individuals for the San Benito County Sheriff’s Office, divide the group’s respective estimate for the number of Asian residents residing in San Benito County by the total county population estimate. This number is then compared to the number of stopped individuals perceived to be Asian reported by San Benito County Sheriff’s Office divided by the total number of stops reported by this agency. Agency residential population comparisons are repeated for each agency separately. D2. Statewide Per Capita Stop Action Rates Methodology Appendix Section D2 describes the methods used to compare the racial and/or ethnic composition of people stopped with the racial and/or ethnic composition of residents, both statewide and within specific jurisdictions. Additionally, ACS data were used to calculate a statewide per capita rate of experiencing a specific stop action9 for different racial and/or ethnic groups during 2023. Since the number of people within each racial and/or ethnic group varies, per capita rates10 provide a meaningful way to make comparisons between groups. For example, to calculate the per capita rate of searches for individuals perceived as Native American, divide the frequency of searches reported for this group by the population estimate reported for Native Americans in the ACS for the state of California. Afterwards, multiply the result by 100,000. The resulting number (X) is the per capita search rate of Native American residents of California and can be read as for every 100,000 Native American residents, officers reported performing X searches of people they perceived as Native American. The limitations and considerations associated with this type of analysis are consistent with those discussed when comparing stop data to residential population data. Please see Appendix Section D1 for further information regarding considerations and limitations to such approaches. D3. Discovery Rate Analysis Methodology Considerations and Limitations 9 For the purposes of this explanation, the term “stop actions” is not limited to the list of actions taken by officer during stop as defined under section 999.226 (12)(A)(1-23) of the RIPA regulations. Rather, “stop actions” refers to a broader set of data elements reported, such as the primary reason for stop, actions taken by officer during the stop, and the result of stop. 10 A per capita rate is: for every 100,000 residents of a race and/or ethnicity group, the number of stops of the race and/or ethnicity group involving the given stop action. Discovery rate analyses avoid some of the issues associated with other methods because they do not require the stop data to be compared to external information (e.g. residential population data). However, discovery rate analyses also rely on assumptions about the behavior of individuals in different identity groups. Disparate treatment between racial and/or ethnic groups is identified when search and discovery rates are opposed (e.g. individuals perceived as Black have high search rates but low discovery rates). 11 When these statistics move in the same direction (e.g. individuals perceived as Black have high search rates and high discovery rates), it is more difficult to determine whether disparate treatment is present. It is also possible that there are observable factors that could influence an officer’s decision to search someone that are not captured by RIPA stop data. The effectiveness in predicting the presence of contraband based on certain suspicious behaviors may also vary between racial and/or ethnic groups. 12 Finally, the strength of the assumptions for discovery rate analyses may vary depending on the type of search being conducted. For example, consent searches include all searches where the only basis included was consent given. Thus, these searches do not include an element of probable cause, which may impact the assumptions underlying their analysis and results. Regression Analysis Regression analysis provides the ability to identify disparities between groups by analyzing multiple variables simultaneously. Multiple regression allows for comparisons of people with the same qualities included in the regression, while changing one feature at a time to identify the impact of that quality while holding all else constant. The variables included in the regression are listed below, along with what they are being compared to (the comparison category). When looking at the impact of being Black in the regression, the analysis can identify how the chances of being searched or having discovery occur during a search compared to the comparison group (White), when holding all other variables constant. Due to low case counts, the Middle Eastern/South Asian, Multiracial, Pacific Islander, and Native American categories were combined into an Other Race category. Table D.3.1. Variables and Comparisons Included in Regression 11 See Anwar and Fang, An Alternative Test of Racial Prejudice in Motor Vehicle Searches: Theory and Evidence (2006) Am. Econ. Rev. 96(1) <https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/000282806776157579>. 12 See Simoui et al., The Problem of Infra-Marginality in Outcome Tests for Discrimination (2017) Ann. Appl. Stat. 11(3) <https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.05376.> Variable Included Comparison Age 1 to 7 Age - Over 25 Age 8 to 11 Age - Over 25 Age 12 to 14 Age - Over 25 Age 15 to 17 Age - Over 25 Age 18 to 24 Age - Over 25 Asian White Black White Hispanic/Latine(x) White Other Race White Cisgender Woman/Girl Cisgender Man/Boy Trans or Gender Nonconforming Cisgender Man/Boy LGB+ Straight/Heterosexual Limited English Fluency Fluent in English Any Disability No Disability Unhoused Housed Two regressions were conducted. The first analyzed the impact of demographics on the chances that someone would be searched as part of a stop, using the complete RIPA data set (5,065,428 stops). The second regression analyzes whether discovery occurred for those individuals that were searched (519,065 stops). The results of both regressions are displayed using bar graphs, with the bar indicating the direction and size of the change in chances that an individual is searched or has discovery occur. A bar that goes to the left and is negative indicates that in contrast to the comparison group, that feature makes a person less likely to be searched or have discovery occur. In contrast, a bar that goes to the right indicates an increased chance of those things occurring. All variables discussed are statistically significant, meaning that there is a high level of confidence that the differences between the variable and the comparison group did not occur by random chance. The results of these analyses can be found in Tables E4 and E5. Annual Report 2026 Appendix E Disparity Test Results Racial and Identity Profiling Advisory Board Table E1: Statewide ACS to RIPA Comparison A B C D E F Equation A - B (C/B)*100 A/B E/E(w) 2024 RIPA Absolute % Relative % Disparity Ratio of Agency Race/Ethnicity ACS 2023 Data Difference Difference Index Disparity llarevO Asian 5.87% 12.20% -6.33% -51.86% 0.48 0.50 Black 12.09% 5.31% 6.78% 127.87% 2.28 2.38 Hispanic/Latine(x) 43.31% 35.92% 7.39% 20.57% 1.21 1.26 Middle Eastern/South Asian 5.43% 4.59% 0.84% 18.22% 1.18 1.23 Multiracial 1.23% 5.22% -3.99% -76.39% 0.24 0.25 Native American 0.26% 0.27% -0.01% -4.48% 0.96 1.00 Other --- 3.52% --- --- --- --- Pacific Islander 0.53% 0.34% 0.19% 57.53% 1.58 1.64 White 31.28% 32.63% -1.35% -4.13% 0.96 --- lapicinuM Asian 5.24% 12.20% -6.95% -57.00% 0.43 0.45 Black 13.55% 5.31% 8.24% 155.32% 2.55 2.66 Hispanic/Latine(x) 43.65% 35.92% 7.74% 21.54% 1.22 1.27 Middle Eastern/South Asian 3.99% 4.59% -0.60% -13.05% 0.87 0.91 Multiracial 1.46% 5.22% -3.76% -72.03% 0.28 0.29 Native American 0.27% 0.27% -0.01% -3.11% 0.97 1.01 Other --- 3.52% --- --- --- --- Pacific Islander 0.54% 0.34% 0.20% 61.07% 1.61 1.68 White 31.29% 32.63% -1.33% -4.09% 0.96 --- Table E2: ACS Population Estimate vs. RIPA vs. per Capita (per 100,000 Residents) 2023 ACS California 2024 RIPA Stops Stops Per 100,000 Race/Ethnicity Population Estimate Reported California Residents Asian 4,786,238 297,395 6,213.54 Black 2,082,222 612,443 29,412.95 Hispanic/Latine(x) 14,095,261 2,193,617 15,562.80 Middle Eastern/South Asian 1,802,788 275,106 15,260.03 Multiracial 2,050,281 62,479 3,047.34 Native American 107,754 13,286 12,329.94 Other 1,383,103 --- --- Pacific Islander 131,542 26,748 20,334.19 White 12,803,596 1,584,354 12,374.29 Total 39,242,785 5,065,428 12,907.92 Table E3: IPUMS State-Level Population Estimate Identity Subgroup Count % Group yticinhtE/ecaR Asian 4,786,238 12.20% Black 2,082,222 5.31% Hispanic/Latine(x) 14,095,261 35.92% Middle Eastern/South Asian 1,802,788 4.59% Multiracial 2,050,281 5.22% Native American 107,754 0.27% Other 1,383,103 3.52% Pacific Islander 131,542 0.34% White 12,803,596 32.63% redneG Female 19,634,241 50.03% Male 19,608,544 49.97% puorG egA 1-9 Years 4,552,304 11.60% 10-14 Years 2,620,250 6.68% 15-17 Years 1,553,067 3.96% 18-24 Years 3,588,431 9.14% 25-34 Years 5,826,242 14.85% 35-44 Years 5,391,216 13.74% 45-54 Years 4,943,757 12.60% 55-64 Years 4,772,244 12.16% 65+ Years 5,995,274 15.28% Table E4: Regression Predicting the Change in Chances of Being Searched or Terry Frisked Variable Odds Ratio Log Odds 1-7 Years 0.67 -0.41 8-11 Years 0.68 -0.38 12-14 Years 2.50 0.92 15-17 Years 1.85 0.62 18-24 Years 0.88 -0.12 Asian 0.45 -0.81 Black 1.75 0.56 Hispanic/Latine(x) 1.19 0.18 Other Race 0.56 -0.58 Cisgender Woman/Girl 0.54 -0.62 Non-Cisgender 0.85 -0.17 LGB+ 1.64 0.50 Limited English Fluency 1.15 0.14 Disability 3.01 1.10 Unhoused 5.27 1.66 Table E5: Regression Predicting the Change in Chances of Evidence/Contraband Discovery Variable Odds Ratio Log Odds 1-7 Years 1.34 0.29 8-11 Years 0.69 -0.38 12-14 Years 0.89 -0.12 15-17 Years 1.22 0.20 18-24 Years 0.91 -0.09 Asian 0.79 -0.24 Black 0.98 -0.02 Hispanic/Latine(x) 0.86 -0.15 Other Race 0.86 -0.15 Cisgender Woman/Girl 0.90 -0.11 Non-Cisgender 1.02 0.02 LGB+ 0.91 -0.10 Limited English Fluency 0.84 -0.17 Disability 0.54 -0.61 Unhoused 1.51 0.41 Table E6. RIPA Stop Distribution Compared to Statewide Population Distribution by Race or Ethnicity (All Agencies) Due to its large size, Table E6 is available in an .xslx file at https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press- docs/2026%20RIPA%20Report%20Large%20Appendix%20Tables.xlsx Table E7. ACS Population Estimate Counts by Agency Due to its large size, Table E7 is available in an .xslx file at https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press- docs/2026%20RIPA%20Report%20Large%20Appendix%20Tables.xlsx Table E8. ACS Population Estimate Percentages by Agency Due to its large size, Table E8 is available in an .xslx file at https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press- docs/2026%20RIPA%20Report%20Large%20Appendix%20Tables.xlsx Annual Report 2026 Appendix F Interstop Co-Occurrences Methodology Racial and Identity Profiling Advisory Board Interstop Co-Occurrences Methodology This year, the Board was interested in understanding which elements of a stop occur together and how each step in the sequence of stops influences the next (initiation →actions during stop → result of stop). There were three research questions for this analysis: 1) What actions are most likely to co-occur during a stop? 2) How do demographics change the odds of certain actions being taken during a stop? And 3) How do actions impact the odds of certain outcomes of stops when they begin with similar conditions? There were two general methods used to answer these questions: correlations and regressions. What actions are most likely to co-occur during a stop? To answer this first question, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated for 16 actions. The detention, searched, use of force, asked for consent to search, and consented to search variables were created by combining several variables together. The table below presents which original variables correspond to the new variables. Table 1. Variable Transformations New Variable Original Variables Detention Detained in a parole car Detained curbside Searched Searched person Searched property Asked for Consent to Search Asked to search person Asked to search property Consented to Search Consented to search person Consented to search property Force Handcuffed Baton Drawn Baton Used Chemical Spray Electronic Control Device Pointed Electronic Control Device Used in Drive-Stun Mode Electronic Control Device Used in Dart Mode Firearm Unholstered Firearm Point Firearm Discharge Impact Projectile Point Impact Projectile Discharge Canine Compliance Canine Bite Removed from Vehicle by Physical Contact Physical Compliance Use of Vehicle in Apprehension of Person The correlation matrices in the report show which actions occurred together more or less often. Correlations can exist between -1 and 1; the farther the correlation coefficient is from zero, the stronger the relationship between the two variables. A positive correlation means the two actions tend to occur or not occur together, while a negative correlation means as one variable tends to occur, the other one does not. For instance, asking for consent and receiving consent share a strong positive relationship with a correlation of .92. In practice, the threshold for what is considered a strong, moderate, or weak correlation differs by discipline and what is under study. How do demographics change the odds of certain actions being taken during a stop? The second question was explored using regression methods. Specifically, five single- level binary logistic regressions were conducted to understand how demographics change the odds of certain actions being taken. The five actions during stop (or “outcome variables”) are searches and Terry frisks, handcuffing, curbside or patrol car detention, asking for consent, and force. These actions represent some of the most common actions taken during stops in 2024 and actions that were of particular interest to the Board with respect to the overarching theme of the 2026 RIPA report, public safety. Regression analysis provides the ability to identify disparities between groups by analyzing multiple variables simultaneously. Regressions with multiple variables can identify the impact of specific variables by changing one variable at a time to examine its impact, while holding all other variables constant. The independent variables included in the regression are listed below, along with what they are being compared to (the comparison group). For instance, a regression examining handcuffing can identify how the chances of being handcuffed change for an individual perceived to be Black (the independent variable) compared to an individual perceived to be White (the comparison group), when holding all other factors (variables) constant. The comparison categories were chosen for various reasons. Most were chosen for ease of interpretation. For instance, White is a natural comparison group for the non-White racial/ethnic groups. Age 10 to 14 experienced the highest rates of each of the actions examined in this analysis and therefore was a natural comparison group. Others were chosen as a result of the model diagnostic process, in order to maximize the number of variables included in the models while minimizing the extent of collinearity. Table 2 shows the variables used in this set of analyses. Some variables were combined due to low case counts. For race/ethnicity, the Middle Eastern/South Asian, Multiracial, Pacific Islander, and Native American categories were combined into an Other Race category. For gender, both transgender categories and the nonbinary category were combined into a Non- Cisgender category. The following reasons for stop were combined into an Other Reason category: known to be on parole/probation/PRCS/mandatory supervision, knowledge of outstanding arrest warrant/wanted person, investigation to determine if person is truant, consensual encounter and search, possible conduct warranting discipline under Education Code, determine if student violated school policy, probable cause to arrest or search, probable cause to take into custody under Welfare and Institutions Code section 5150. Table 2. Independent Variables and Their Comparison Categories New Variable Original Variables Asian; Black; Hispanic/Latine(x); Other Race White Cisgender Woman/Girl; Non-Cisgender Cisgender Man/Boy Age 1 to 9; Age 15 to 17; Age 18 to 24; Age 25 to Age 10 to 14 34; Age 35 to 44; Age 45 to 54; Age 55 to 64; Age 65+ Straight/Heterosexual LGB+ Limited English Fluency Fluent English No Disability Any Disability Unhoused Housed Officer-initiated Stop Call for Service Stop Reason for Stop: Traffic; Reason for Stop: Other Reason for Stop: Reasonable Suspicion RSB explored the potential of including more variables, such as type of stop, however an inspection of generalized variance inflation factors (GVIFs) showed evidence of multicollinearity. As such, these variables were excluded from these analyses. RSB explored the necessity of using multilevel models with agency as the grouping variable for these analyses but did not ultimately present those models for multiple reasons. First, each of the multilevel models conducted had convergence issues. Second, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were relatively low. Third, the results for these multilevel models were compared to the results of the single level models presented in these analyses and had largely the same conclusions. As such, single level binary logistic regressions were used. The coefficients are represented by log odds. Several other diagnostic tests were performed to ensure the regression models did not violate any assumptions and generally provide reliable, unbiased estimates: measure of separation, investigating abnormally large odds ratios, comparing model fit with Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and McFadden’s Pseudo R2, checking for uniform residual plots to ensure independence of observations, and inspecting the percentage of data points in the model that are outliers using Cook’s Distance (NAs in the outcome variable are removed). How do actions impact the odds of certain outcomes of stops when they begin with similar conditions? The third question used similar methods to those used in the analyses for the first two questions but involved a few key distinct methods. First, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated between result of stop variables (arrest, citation, warning, Other, and no action as a result of stop) and the actions taken during stop variables used in the second analysis (searches and Terry frisks, handcuffing, curbside or patrol car detention, asking for consent, and force). The table below presents the new variables created from the original results of stop categories. Arrest consistently demonstrated the highest correlation to each of the actions taken during stop and thus was chosen as the result of stop to study further. Table 3. Results of Stop Variable Transformations New Variable Original Variables Arrest In-Field Cite and Release Custodial Arrest Pursuant to an Outstanding Warrant Custodial Arrest without Warrant Citation Citation Warning Written Warning Verbal Warning Other Field Interview Card Noncriminal Transport Contact Legal Guardian Psychiatric Hold US Department of Homeland Security Referral School Administrator Referral School Counselor Referral No Action No Action Taken The second step in this set of analyses involved regression methods and a model build strategy that was to isolate and highlight the influence of actions on arrest. Two regressions were conducted where arrest was regressed on a set of predictors. The first regression involved the same predictors that were used in the analysis in the previous section (Table 2). For the second regression, actions taken during stop were added to the first model. Specifically, four of the five actions (the outcome variables) studied in the previous section were added to the first model. Force was not included in the model due to a high level of collinearity with handcuffing. Because ~96% of force cases involved handcuffing in the 2024 RIPA data, this is consistent with what would be expected. The same diagnostic tests that were conducted for the regressions in the previous section were conducted for these two models: GVIFs, ICCs, measure of separation, investigating abnormally large odds ratios, comparing model fit with AIC, BIC, and McFadden’s Pseudo R2 , checking for uniform residual plots to ensure independence of observations, and inspecting the percentage of data points in the model that are outliers using Cook’s Distance (NAs in the outcome variable are removed). Additionally, results were confirmed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. As another measure taken to remove the possibility of multicollinearity and provide the most conservative results, RSB used single-level binary logistic ridge regressions for these analyses. The results from the single-level binary logistic ridge regression models are presented in the report body. The coefficients are presented as log odds. The third step in this set of analyses involved exploring interaction effects between Black and each of the actions in the model. These were chosen due to the Board’s interest in understanding the sign for the Black variable flipping from positive to negative between the first and second regression. To first understand the relationship of Black with stops resulting in an arrest when mediated by actions during a stop, the direct, indirect, and total effects were calculated. The total effect of Black on arrest was obtained from a model including only those predictors. The direct effect was estimated from a model including the full model, including all independent variables. These estimates, along with a statistically significant Sobel test, indicated that mediation was present. To further understand these pathways, a final model with interactions between Black and the four actions was conducted. Interactions were calculated by mean centering the variables and then multiplying the first variable by the second variable. Four interaction effects were calculated and then added to the second model described above: Black*Handcuffed, Black*Searched or Frisked, Black*Asked for Consent to Search, and Black*Detention. Single level binary logistic regressions were used for this part of the analysis. Limitations While using multiple regression has many benefits, there are also some limitations of the methodology. These analyses do not include every variable that could influence changes in each of the outcome variables. The RIPA data reports a limited number of variables and certainly does not include all variables that could possibly influence, for instance, use of force. For example, an officer using force could be because the person they stopped was being violent. The RIPA data does not contain information regarding whether the stopped individual was acting in a violent manner or not. Other variables like this could possibly change some of the relationships the regressions in this analysis show. The same sort of limitation extends to the correlation matrices; the relationships shown do not account for any other variables that may alter the relationship between actions. Annual Report 2026 Appendix G Impact of Agency and Regional Characteristics on Stop Outcomes Racial and Identity Profiling Advisory Board Impact of Agency and Regional Characteristics on Stop Outcomes This year, the Board requested an analysis of RIPA stop data to understand how agency and regional characteristics impact stops and the results of stops. The analysis first looked at how agency and regional characteristics impact the breakdown of racial stops at the agency level. As a second step, the analysis studies how these same factors correlate with outcomes and actions taken during a stop. Methodology Seven separate regressions are conducted across the two sets of analyses. A multilevel regression model was used to account for the fact that agencies are nested within counties. Agencies within the same county often share characteristics and environments that can make their results more similar to each other than to agencies in other parts of the state. To address this, a two-level model was tested with a first level of agencies and a second level of counties as the grouping variables. The model includes random intercepts for counties, allowing the average outcome to vary between counties while estimating the effect of our predictors across all agencies. Random intercepts allow for the model to account for group-specific differences in the response variable, which is of particular use when the data is nested as it is in this case within counties. The analysis is limited to agencies with 100 or more stops in 2024 to ensure the data has enough variability to capture frequency of uncommon events. The coefficients from the model represent the average effect of each predictor variables across agencies, holding all other variables constant. The results also include clustered standard errors at the county level, to allow for the possibility that agencies in the same county share unmeasured factors that make them more alike. In all, twelve predictor variables are tested for their impact on seven outcomes of interest. Independent Variables At the agency level, five variables are included. The first set of variables captures the agency type. Whether the agency is a 1. Police Department, 2. A K-12 School 3. College or 4. Other Types of Agencies are tested against if the agency is a Sheriff's Department. Since Sheriff’s Departments were used as the comparison group, all results for those variables will indicate whether a different type of agency has higher or lower rates of the outcome, when compared to a Sheriff’s Department. In addition, the count of unique officer’s present in the RIPA data is used as a measure of agency size. That variable, being a continuous count, is logged in the final model. In addition to the agency level variables described above, various regional factors are also included. All demographic data is from the American Community Survey’s 5-Year data from 2019-2023, which were collected from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS). County demographics are accounted for with separate variables for the percentage of the population that is white alone, for the percentage of the population that is Black alone, for the percentage of the population that is Hispanic alone, and for the percentage of the population that is Asian alone. In addition, the total county population and the county median income are included, both are logged in the final model. Finally, the metropolitan status of the county, whether it is part of a micropolitan statistical area or rural are included and compared to metropolitan statistical areas. As defined by the Office of Management Budget, metropolitan statistical areas contain at least one urbanized area with 50,000 people or more and include counties with strong social or economic ties to the urbanized area. Micropolitan Statistical Areas are similarly defined, though the urbanized area has between 10,000 and 50,000 residents. Rural areas are those counties not part of a metropolitan or micropolitan statistical area. Table 1. Independent Variables Included Variable Level Comparison Agency Police Department Sheriff’s Department Level Agency K-12 School Sheriff’s Department Level Agency Colleges Sheriff’s Department Level Agency Other Agency Types Sheriff’s Department Level Agency Unique Officers (logged) One Unit Increase in Officers Level Agency One Unit Increase in Percentage of County White Population (%) Level County that is White One Unit Increase in Percentage of County Black Population (%) County County that is Black One Unit Increase in Percentage of County Hispanic Population (%) County County that is Hispanic/Latine(x) One Unit Increase in Percentage of County Asian Population (%) County County that is Black One Unit Increase in County County Population (logged) County Population One Unit Increase in County Median County Median Income (logged) County Income Micropolitan Statistical Area County Metropolitan Statistical Area Rural County Metropolitan Statistical Area The seven dependent variables are split across two sets of analysis. The first set of variables analyze the racial breakdown of stops for agencies, while the second analyzes outcomes and actions that occur as part of stops. Dependent Variables The first set of outcomes studies the difference between the percentage of stops that were of certain racial groups and those groups population within the county. It would be expected, without any prior theory, that stops would follow the distribution of racial groups within an agency’s jurisdiction. Counties with a higher percentage of a given racial group would be expected to stop a larger share of that same group. As such, to account for differences in the population across the state and counties, the difference between the county percentages of three races with the percentage of stops for the agency were analyzed, so as to identify where groups are over or underrepresented among those stopped. The analysis focuses on three groups: White, Black, and Hispanic/Latine(x). The second set of outcomes concerns stop actions or outcomes. Four variables are studied: the percentage of stops featuring at least one action of any type, the percentage of stops with a consent only search, the percentage of stops that end in arrest, and the percentage of stops where limited force is used. A consent-only search transpires when an officer records that the only basis for search is the consent of the individual they have stopped. In those cases, officers do not need to suspect any criminal wrongdoing in order to request consent to search. Limited force is the most common type of force used across, which includes handcuffing, other contact, and removal from a vehicle with physical contact. Annual Report 2026 Appendix H CJIS 2000 Form Racial and Identity Profiling Advisory Board STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CJIS 2000 PAGE 1 of 8 (Rev. 09/2024) STOP DATA COLLECTION FORM Racial & Identity Profiling Act Penal Code sections 13012 and 13519.4, and Government Code section 12525.5 PLEASE NOTE: •The data collected on this form must be electronically submitted to the California Department of Justice (DOJ), Stop Data Collection System by entry into the Web Application or submission by Web Services or Secure File Transfer. •Please contact your agency's local administrator for instructions on processing this record for submission to the DOJ. If needed, the DOJ can be reached at (916) 210-3305 or StopDataSupport@doj.ca.gov. •If multiple persons are related to one stop, complete a separate form (sections III–IX) for each person and report as one incident. •If the stop involves a student at a K–12 public school, then some fields may have additional options available for reporting. These items are noted with an asterisk (*), and shown in red italics. GNITROPER.I RECIFFO AGENCY ORI: OFFICER ID: OFFICER'S YEARS OF EXPERIENCE: OFFICER'S TYPE OF ASSIGNMENT: (Select one) Other Patrol, traffic enforcement, field operations Narcotics/Vice If other, specify: Gang enforcement Task Force Contracted by another law enforcement agency Compliance Check K–12 Public school Special Events Investigative/detective If yes, specify: Off duty and/or working private Roadblock or DUI sobriety checkpoint event OFFICER RACE OR ETHNICITY: (Select all that apply) Asian Middle Eastern or South Asian Pacific Islander Black/African Native American White Hispanic/Latine(X) Is the Reporting Officer with the non-primary agency for this stop, but the stop was made in conjunction with a non-reporting agency (e.g. working with a joint task force with a federal agency, etc)? Yes No GNITTES.II TYPE OF STOP: (Select one) Pedestrian Stop (includes all others, e.g., stops in a residence, Vehicle Stop Bicycle Stop passengers on a bus, or train, skateboarders, etc.) DATE: (MM/DD/YYYY) TIME: (HH:MM use 24 hr clock) DURATION OF STOP: (minutes) Was the Stop Made During the Course of Responding to a Call for Service? (Select “Yes” only if stop was made in response to call for service, radio call, or dispatch) Yes No Was the Stop Made During the Course of Performing a Welfare or Wellness Check or an Officer's Community Caretaking Function? (If "Yes" is selected, the officer must describe the welfare check or community caretaking function in their brief explanation under Reason for Stop [see page 5].) Yes No STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CJIS 2000 PAGE 2 of 8 (Rev. 09/2024) STOP DATA COLLECTION FORM Racial & Identity Profiling Act Penal Code sections 13012 and 13519.4, and Government Code section 12525.5 GNITTES .II LOCATION TYPE: (Do not provide the exact address of a residence) Geographic Coordinates Latitude Longitude Block Number Street Name Closest Intersection Cross Street 1 Cross Street 2 Highway Closest Highway Exit Other CITY or UNINCORPORATED AREA: IF STOP OCCURRED AT A K–12 PUBLIC SCHOOL, REPORT SCHOOL NAME: IS PERSON STOPPED A STUDENT? * (Only complete if stop is at a K–12 public school) Yes No FO NOITPECREP RECIFFO .III DEPPOTS NOSREP PERCEIVED RACE OR ETHNICITY: (Select all that apply) Asian Middle Eastern or South Asian Pacific Islander Black/African American Native American White Hispanic/Latine(X) PERCEIVED GENDER: (When applicable, you may select "Nonbinary person" as the only value or in addition to one of the other values) Cisgender man/boy Transgender man/boy Nonbinary person Cisgender woman/girl Transgender woman/girl PERCEIVED SEXUAL ORIENTATION: (Select one) LGB+ Straight/Heterosexual PERCEIVED AGE: (approximate age; report as a whole number) LIMITED OR NO ENGLISH FLUENCY? Yes No PERCEIVED OR KNOWN DISABILITY: (Select all that apply) Deafness or difficulty hearing Mental health condition None Intellectual or developmental disability, * Disability related to hyperactivity or Speech impairment or limited use of language including dementia impulsive behavior Blind or limited vision Other disability PERCEIVED TO BE UNHOUSED: (Select one) Yes No STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CJIS 2000 PAGE 3 of 8 (Rev. 09/2024) STOP DATA COLLECTION FORM Racial & Identity Profiling Act Penal Code sections 13012 and 13519.4, and Government Code section 12525.5 POTS ROF NOSAER .VI REASON FOR STOP: (Select the primary reason for stop) Traffic Violation: (Specify type of traffic violation) Moving - (e.g., a violation of traffic laws regulating driver behavior while operating a vehicle, such as speeding or reckless driving) Equipment - (e.g., a violation of the duties outlined in traffic laws related to the proper maintenance of a vehicle, such as a broken taillight or missing license plate) Non-moving - (e.g., a violation of traffic laws unrelated to vehicle maintenance or operation and aimed at regulating other traffic laws, such as expired registration tabs, or regulating behavior of pedestrians on or around roadways) Code section related to violation: Reasonable suspicion that the person was engaged in criminal activity Select all that apply to describe the basis of suspicion: Officer witnessed commission of a crime Matched suspect description Witness or victim identified stopped person as a suspect of a crime Carrying suspicious object Actions indicative of casing a victim or location Suspected of acting as a lookout Actions indicative of a drug transaction Actions indicative of engaging in a violent crime Other reasonable suspicion or probable cause that a crime has occurred Matched description of suspect's vehicle or vehicle observed at the scene of a crime Code section related to suspected violation: Known to be on parole/probation/PRCS/mandatory supervision Knowledge of outstanding arrest warrant/wanted person Investigation to determine whether the person is truant Consensual encounter resulting in a search * Possible conduct warranting discipline under Education Code (EC) 48900, et al Code section: 48900 48900.2 48900.3 48900.4 48900.7 When EC 48900 is selected, specify the subdivision: * Determine whether the student violated school policy Probable cause to arrest or search Select all that apply to describe the probable cause: Officer witnessed commission of a crime Matched suspect description Witness or victim identified stopped person as a suspect of a crime Carrying suspicious object Actions indicative of casing a victim or location Suspected of acting as a lookout Actions indicative of a drug transaction STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CJIS 2000 PAGE 4 of 8 (Rev. 09/2024) STOP DATA COLLECTION FORM Racial & Identity Profiling Act Penal Code sections 13012 and 13519.4, and Government Code section 12525.5 POTS ROF NOSAER .VI PAGE 4 of 8 Racial & Identity Profiling Act Penal Code sections 13012 and 13519.4, and Government Code section 12525.5 Actions indicative of engaging in a violent crime Other reasonable suspicion or probable cause that a crime has occurred Matched description of suspect's vehicle or vehicle observed at the scene of a crime Code section related to probable cause violation: Probable cause to take into custody under Welfare and Institutions Code Section 5150 REASON(S) GIVEN TO THE STOPPED PERSON: (Select all that apply) Traffic violation- Moving violation Traffic violation- Equipment violation Traffic violation- Non-moving violation Officer witnessed commission of a crime Matched suspect description Matched description of suspect's vehicle or vehicle observed at the scene of the crime Witness or victim identified stopped person as a suspect of a crime Carrying suspicious object Actions indicative of casing a victim or location Suspected of acting as a lookout Actions indicative of a drug transaction Actions indicative of engaging in a violet crime Other reasonable suspicion or probable cause that a crime has occurred Probable cause to arrest or search Probable cause to take into custody under Welfare and Institutions Code section 5150 Known to be on parole/probation/PRCS/mandatory supervision Knowledge of outstanding arrest warrant/wanted person Investigation to determine whether the person is truant Consensual encounter resulting in a search *Possible conduct warranting discipline under Education Code sections 48900, 48900.2, 48900.3, 48900.4, and 48900.7 *Determine whether the student violated school policy Reason not communicated to the stopped person because the officer reasonably believed that withholding the reason for the stop was necessary to protect life or property from imminent threat STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CJIS 2000 PAGE 5 of 8 (Rev. 09/2024) STOP DATA COLLECTION FORM Racial & Identity Profiling Act Penal Code sections 13012 and 13519.4, and Government Code section 12525.5 POTS ROF NOSAER .VI Please note: If the "Reason Given to the Person Stopped" is different from the “Reason for Stop,” the officer must explain why the officer communicated a different reason for the stop than was the actual, primary reason for the stop, as part of their brief explanation in the “Reason for Stop” narrative field. If the officer did not communicate to the stopped person a reason for the stop, the officer must explain the facts and circumstances that gave rise to a reasonable belief that withholding the reason for the stop was necessary to protect life or property from imminent threat, as part their brief explanation in the “Reason for Stop” narrative field. REASON FOR STOP – BRIEF DESCRIPTION: (When reporting the "Reason for Stop," the officer shall also provide a brief explanation (250- character maximum) regarding the reason for the stop. This explanation shall include additional detail beyond the general data values selected for the "Reason for Stop." If the officer selects "Stop Made During the Course of Performing a Welfare or Wellness Check or an Officer's Community Caretaking Function," this explanation shall include detail regarding the nature of that welfare check or the community caretaking function.) Was the stopped person a passenger in a vehicle? Yes No Was the stopped person inside a residence, where an officer was executing a search or arrest warrant naming or identifying ANOTHER person, conducting a search pursuant to a condition of ANOTHER person's parole, probation, PRCS, or mandatory supervision, or conducting a compliance check on ANOTHER person under home detention or house arrest Yes No NEKAT SNOITCA .V ACTIONS TAKEN - Non-force: (Select all that apply) *Admission or written statement obtained from Person photographed student Person removed from vehicle by order Asked for consent to search person Property was seized Yes No Ran name of stopped person's passenger (e.g., using patrol car Asked for consent to search property computer or through a request to dispatch) Yes No Search of person was conducted Asked for identification of stopped person's Search of property was conducted passenger Terry v. Ohio frisk/pat search of the person's outer clothing was conducted Asked whether the person is on parole, probation, PRCS, or some other form of mandatory supervision Vehicle impounded Curbside detention None (This data value should only be selected if none of Field sobriety test conducted the enumerated data values apply. If "None" is selected, no other data values can be selected.) Patrol car detention Peace officer's canine used to search for, locate and/or detect contraband STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CJIS 2000 PAGE 6 of 8 (Rev. 09/2024) STOP DATA COLLECTION FORM Racial & Identity Profiling Act Penal Code sections 13012 and 13519.4, and Government Code section 12525.5 NEKAT SNOITCA .V AACCTTIIOONNSS TTAAKKEENN -- FFoorrccee:: (Select all that apply) Handcuffed or flex cuffed Firearm discharged Baton or other impact weapon drawn Impact projectile weapon pointed at person Baton or other impact weapon used or other object Impact projectile discharged or used (e.g., blunt impact projectile, (including a firearm) to strike or prod rubber bullets or bean bags) Chemical spray used (e.g., pepper spray, mace or Peace officer's canine removed from patrol vehicle to gain other chemical irritants) compliance and/or for purposes of apprehending stopped person Electronic control device pointed at person or Peace officer's canine bit or held person sparked Person removed from vehicle by physical contact Electronic control device used in drive-stun mode Physical compliance tactics and techniques Electronic control device used in dart-mode Use of vehicle in apprehension of stopped person Firearm unholstered None (This data value should only be selected if none of the Firearm pointed at person enumerated data values apply. If "None" is selected, no other data values can be selected.) HCRAES ROF SISAB .IV CJIS 2000 (Rev. 09/2024) Racial & Identity Profiling Act Penal Code sections 13012 and 13519.4, and Government Code section 12525.5 BASIS FOR SEARCH: (Only applicable when the Actions Taken include "Search of person was conducted" and/or "Search of property was conducted. Select all that apply) When “Consent Given” is selected, the officer must report the form of consent given: Consent given Verbal Written Implied by Conduct Officer safety/safety of others Search warrant Condition of parole/probation/PRCS/mandatory supervision Suspected weapons Visible contraband Odor of contraband Canine detection Evidence of crime Incident to arrest Exigent circumstances/emergency Vehicle inventory (for search of property only) *Suspected violation of school policy STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CJIS 2000 PAGE 7 of 8 (Rev. 09/2024) STOP DATA COLLECTION FORM Racial & Identity Profiling Act Penal Code sections 13012 and 13519.4, and Government Code section 12525.5 HCRAES ROF SISAB .IV Please note: If a consent search is conducted, officers shall include a description, in the Basis For Search narrative field, of the specific conduct of the stopped person (i.e. the specific verbal statements, physical movements, or other behavior) that was reasonably interpreted by the officer as consent. If the basis for the search is “Condition of parole/probation/PRCS/mandatory supervision,” officers shall describe how they learned of the search condition. For example, if the officer learned of the parole/probation/PRCS/mandatory supervision status after checking with dispatch, the officer would indicate that. BASIS FOR SEARCH – BRIEF DESCRIPTION: (Provide a brief explanation, 250 character maximum. This explanation should include detail beyond the general data values selected above. Do not include any personally identifying information of the person stopped or unique identifying information of any officer in this description. ERUZIES YTREPORP .IIV BASIS FOR PROPERTY SEIZURE: (Only applicable when the TYPE OF PROPERTY SEIZURE: (Only applicable when the Actions Actions Taken include "Property was seized") Taken include "Property was seized") Select all that apply: Select all that apply: Safekeeping as allowed by law/statute Firearm(s) Drug paraphernalia Contraband Ammunition Suspected stolen property Evidence Weapon(s) other than Cell phone(s) or electronic firearm device(s) Impound of vehicle Drugs/narcotics Vehicle Abandoned property Alcohol Other contraband or evidence * Suspected violation of school policy Money / DNABARTNOC .IIIV ECNEDIVE CONTRABAND/EVIDENCE DISCOVERED (IF ANY): (Include any items discovered in plain view or as the result of a search) Select all that apply: None Drugs/narcotics Suspected stolen property Firearm(s) Alcohol Cell phone(s) or electronic devices(s) Ammunition Money Other contraband or evidence Weapon(s) other than firearm Drug Paraphernalia STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CJIS 2000 PAGE 8 of 8 (Rev. 09/2024) STOP DATA COLLECTION FORM Racial & Identity Profiling Act Penal Code sections 13012 and 13519.4, and Government Code section 12525.5 POTS FO TLUSER.XI RESULT OF STOP: Select all that apply: No action Verbal Warning Code section(s) related to warning: Written Warning Code section(s) related to warning: Citation for infraction Code section(s) related to citation for infraction: In-field Cite and Release Code section(s) related to cite and release: Custodial arrest pursuant to outstanding warrant Custodial arrest without warrant Code section(s) related to arrest: Field interview card completed Noncriminal transport or caretaking transport (including transport by officer, ambulance, or another agency) Contacted parent/legal guardian or other person legally responsible for the person Psychiatric hold (Welfare & Institutions Code sections 5150 and/or 5585.20) Contacted U.S. Department of Homeland Security (e.g., Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Customs and Border Protection) *Referral to school administrator *Referral to school counselor or other support staff