SCO
Merced County
Custody of Minors-Child Abduction and Recovery
Read the report at Merced County ↗
MERCED COUNTY
Audit Report
CUSTODY OF MINORS – CHILD ABDUCTION AND
RECOVERY PROGRAM
Chapter 1399, Statutes of 1976;
Chapter 162, Statutes of 1992;
and Chapter 988, Statutes of 1996
July 1, 2019, through June 30, 2023
M M. C
ALIA OHEN
C
ALIFORNIA
S
TATE
C
ONTROLLER
June 2025
MALIA M. COHEN
CALIFORNIA STATE CONTROLLER
June 30, 2025
CERTIFIED MAIL—RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
The Honorable Lisa Cardella-Presto, Auditor-Controller
Merced County
2222 M Street
Merced, CA 95340
Dear Auditor-Controller Cardella-Presto:
The State Controller’s Office audited the costs claimed by Merced County (the county) for the
legislatively mandated Custody of Minors – Child Abduction and Recovery Program for the
period of July 1, 2019, through June 30, 2023.
The county claimed and was paid $614,903 for costs of the mandated program. Our audit found
that $10,622 is allowable and $604,281 is unallowable. The costs are unallowable because the
county did not provide contemporaneous source documentation supporting the mandated
functions performed or the actual number of hours devoted to each function.
Following issuance of this audit report, the Local Government Programs and Services Division
of the State Controller’s Office will notify the county of the adjustment to its claims via a
system-generated letter for each fiscal year in the audit period.
This final audit report contains an adjustment to costs claimed by the county. If you disagree
with the audit findings, you may file an Incorrect Reduction Claim (IRC) with the Commission
on State Mandates (Commission). Pursuant to section 1185.1(c) of the Commission’s regulations
(Title 2, California Code of Regulations), an IRC challenging this adjustment must be filed with
the Commission no later than three years following the date of this report, regardless of whether
this report is subsequently supplemented, superseded, or otherwise amended. IRC information is
available on the Commission’s website at www.csm.ca.gov/forms/IRCForm.pdf.
MAILING ADDRESS P.O. Box 942850, Sacramento, CA 94250
SACRAMENTO 3301 C Street, Suite 700, Sacramento, CA 95816 | 916.324.8907
LOS ANGELES 901 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 200, Monterey Park, CA 91754 | 323.981.6802
Ms. Lisa Cardella-Presto
June 30, 2025
Page 2 of 2
If you have any questions regarding this report, please contact Lisa Kurokawa, Chief,
Compliance Audits Bureau, by telephone at 916-327-3138. Thank you.
Sincerely,
Original signed by
Kimberly A. Tarvin, CPA
Chief, Division of Audits
KAT/ac
Copy: Nicole Silveira, District Attorney
Merced County
Chris Hill, Principal Program Budget Analyst
Local Government Unit
California Department of Finance
Kaily Yap, Finance Budget Analyst
Local Government Unit
California Department of Finance
Darryl Mar, Manager
Local Reimbursements Section
State Controller’s Office
Everett Luc, Supervisor
Local Reimbursements Section
State Controller’s Office
MAILING ADDRESS P.O. Box 942850, Sacramento, CA 94250
SACRAMENTO 3301 C Street, Suite 700, Sacramento, CA 95816 | 916.324.8907
LOS ANGELES 901 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 200, Monterey Park, CA 91754 | 323.981.6802
Merced County Custody of Minors – Child Abduction and Recovery Program
Contents
Audit Report
Summary ............................................................................................................................ 1
Background ........................................................................................................................ 1
Audit Authority .................................................................................................................. 2
Objective, Scope, and Methodology ................................................................................. 2
Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 3
Follow-up on Prior Audit Findings .................................................................................. 3
Views of Responsible Officials .......................................................................................... 3
Restricted Use .................................................................................................................... 3
Schedule—Summary of Program Costs .............................................................................. 4
Findings and Recommendations ........................................................................................... 6
Attachment—County’s Response to Draft Audit Report
Merced County Custody of Minors – Child Abduction and Recovery Program
Audit Report
Summary The State Controller’s Office (SCO) audited the costs claimed by Merced
County (the county) for the legislatively mandated Custody of Minors –
Child Abduction and Recovery (CAR) Program for the period of July 1,
2019, through June 30, 2023.
The county claimed and was paid $614,903 for costs of the mandated
program. Our audit found that $10,622 is allowable and $604,281 is
unallowable. The costs are unallowable because the county did not provide
contemporaneous source documentation supporting the mandated
functions performed or the actual number of hours devoted to each
function.
Background Chapter 1399, Statutes of 1976, established the mandated CAR Program,
based on the following laws:
• Civil Code section 4600.1 (repealed and added as Family Code
sections 3060 through 3064 by Chapter 162, Statutes of 1992);
• Penal Code (PC) sections 278 and 278.5 (repealed and added as PC
sections 277, 278, and 278.5 by Chapter 988, Statutes of 1996); and
• Welfare and Institutions Code section 11478.5 (repealed and added as
Family Code Section 17506 by Chapter 478, Statutes of 1999; last
amended by Chapter 759, Statutes of 2002).
These laws require the District Attorney’s (DA’s) Office to assist persons
having legal custody of a child in:
• Locating their children when they are unlawfully taken away;
• Gaining enforcement of custody and visitation decrees and orders to
appear;
• Defraying expenses related to the return of an illegally detained,
abducted, or concealed child;
• Civil court action proceedings; and
• Guaranteeing the appearance of offenders and minors in court actions.
On September 19, 1979, the State Board of Control (now the Commission
on State Mandates) determined that this legislation imposed a state
mandate reimbursable under Government Code (GC) section 17561.
The parameters and guidelines establish the state mandate and define
reimbursement criteria. The Commission on State Mandates adopted the
parameters and guidelines on January 21, 1981; they were last amended
on October 30, 2009. In compliance with GC section 17558, the SCO
issues the Mandated Cost Manual for Local Agencies (Mandated Cost
Manual) for mandated programs to assist local agencies in claiming
reimbursable costs.
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Merced County Custody of Minors – Child Abduction and Recovery Program
Audit Authority We conducted this performance audit in accordance with GC
sections 17558.5 and 17561, which authorize the SCO to audit the
county’s records to verify the actual amount of the mandated costs. In
addition, GC section 12410 provides the SCO with general authority to
audit the disbursement of state money for correctness, legality, and
sufficient provisions of law for payment.
Objective, Scope, The objective of our audit was to determine whether claimed costs
represent increased costs resulting from the legislatively mandated CAR
and Methodology
Program. Specifically, we conducted this audit to determine whether
claimed costs were supported by appropriate source documents, were not
funded by another source, and were not unreasonable and/or excessive.
The audit period was July 1, 2019, through June 30, 2023.
To achieve our objective, we performed the following procedures:
• We reviewed the annual mandated cost claims filed by the county for
the audit period and identified the cost components of each claim as
salaries and benefits, materials and supplies, contract services, travel
and training, and indirect costs. We determined whether there were
any errors or unusual or unexpected variances from year to year. We
reviewed the claimed activities to determine whether they adhered to
the SCO’s Mandated Cost Manual and the program’s parameters and
guidelines.
• We completed an internal control questionnaire by interviewing key
county staff. We discussed the claim preparation process with county
staff to determine what information was obtained, who obtained it, and
how it was used.
• We reviewed time records (which the county refers to as time studies)
and payroll records provided by the county for the audit period. The
records provided as support for the claimed costs did not meet the
requirements of the program’s parameters and guidelines (see
Finding 1).
• We reviewed claimed materials and supplies costs, and found that the
county had claimed costs that were not supported by source
documentation. We were unable to verify that the costs claimed as
materials and supplies were a direct cost to the program and were for
mandated activities (see Finding 2).
• We interviewed county personnel and reviewed the county’s single
audit reports and revenue reports to identify potential sources of
offsetting revenues and reimbursements from federal or pass-through
programs applicable to the CAR Program. We found that the county
did not receive offsetting revenue for this mandate during the audit
period.
We conducted this performance audit in accordance with generally
accepted government auditing standards. Those standards require that we
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Merced County Custody of Minors – Child Abduction and Recovery Program
plan and perform the audit to obtain sufficient, appropriate evidence to
provide a reasonable basis for our findings and conclusions based on our
audit objective. We believe that the evidence obtained provides a
reasonable basis for our findings and conclusions based on our audit
objective.
Conclusion As a result of performing the audit procedures, we found instances of
noncompliance with the requirements described in our audit objective. We
did not find that the county claimed costs that were funded by other
sources; however, we did find that it claimed unsupported costs, as
quantified in the Schedule and described in the Findings and
Recommendations section of this audit report. To the extent that the
county claimed costs not supported by appropriate source documents, such
costs are also unreasonable and/or excessive.
For the audit period, the county claimed and was paid $614,903 for costs
of the legislatively mandated CAR Program. Our audit found that $10,622
is allowable and $604,281 is unallowable.
Following issuance of this audit report, the SCO’s Local Government
Programs and Services Division will notify the county of the adjustment
to its claims via a system-generated letter for each fiscal year in the audit
period.
Follow-up on We have not previously conducted an audit of the county’s legislatively
mandated CAR Program.
Prior Audit
Findings
Views of We issued a draft audit report on April 3, 2025. The county’s
Responsible representative responded by letter dated April 28, 2025, partially
disagreeing with the audit results. This final audit report includes the
Officials
county’s response as an attachment.
Restricted Use This audit report is solely for the information and use of the county, the
California Department of Finance, and the SCO; it is not intended to be,
and should not be, used by anyone other than these specified parties. This
restriction is not intended to limit distribution of this audit report, which is
a matter of public record and is available on the SCO website at
www.sco.ca.gov.
Original signed by
Kimberly A. Tarvin, CPA
Chief, Division of Audits
June 30, 2025
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Merced County Custody of Minors – Child Abduction and Recovery Program
Schedule—
Summary of Program Costs
July 1, 2019, through June 30, 2023
Actual Costs Allowable Audit
Cost Elements Claimed per Audit Adjustment Reference1
July 1, 2019, through June 30, 2020
Direct Costs:
Salaries and benefits $ 104,756 $ - $ ( 104,756) Finding 1
Materials and supplies 5,448 - ( 5,448) Finding 2
Contract Services 848 848 -
Travel and training 4,489 4,489 -
Total direct costs 115,541 5,337 ( 110,204)
Indirect costs 32,412 - ( 32,412) Finding 1
Total program costs $ 147,953 5,337 $ ( 142,616)
Less amount paid by the State2 ( 147,953)
Amount paid in excess of allowable costs claimed $ ( 142,616)
July 1, 2020, through June 30, 2021
Direct Costs:
Salaries and benefits $ 125,341 $ - $ ( 125,341) Finding 1
Materials and supplies3 5,902 - ( 5,902) Finding 2
Travel and training 8 8 -
Total direct costs 131,251 8 ( 131,243)
Indirect costs 39,808 - ( 39,808) Finding 1
Total program costs $ 171,059 8 $ ( 171,051)
Less amount paid by the State2 ( 171,059)
Amount paid in excess of allowable costs claimed $ ( 171,051)
July 1, 2021, through June 30, 2022
Direct Costs:
Salaries and benefits $ 90,492 $ - $ ( 90,492) Finding 1
Materials and supplies 5,532 - ( 5,532) Finding 2
Travel and training 2,664 2,664 -
Total direct costs 98,688 2,664 ( 96,024)
Indirect costs 31,066 - ( 31,066) Finding 1
Total program costs $ 129,754 2,664 $ ( 127,090)
Less amount paid by the State2 ( 129,754)
Amount paid in excess of allowable costs claimed $ ( 127,090)
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Merced County Custody of Minors – Child Abduction and Recovery Program
Schedule (continued)
-5-
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1 See the Findings and Recommendations section.
2 Payment amount current as of May 22, 2025.
3 In fiscal year 2020-21, the auditee claimed costs under Contract Services in error. We recategorized those costs as
Materials and Supplies.
4 Adjusted for immaterial rounding error.
Merced County Custody of Minors – Child Abduction and Recovery Program
Findings and Recommendations
The county claimed $435,449 in salaries and benefits for the audit period.
We determined that the entire amount is unallowable. The related
unallowable indirect costs total $145,470, for total unallowable costs of
$580,919. The costs are unallowable because the county’s time records do
not show the actual hours devoted to each mandated function or the
validity of such costs.
The following is a summary of the unallowable salaries and benefits, the
related indirect costs, and the audit adjustment:
-6-
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FINDING 1—
Unsupported salaries,
benefits, and related
indirect costs
The county claimed various classifications for multiple employees
including, but not limited to Deputy DAs, Investigators, Investigative
Assistants, and Legal Assistants. For fiscal year 2021-22, the county
claimed all cost components (Return of Children to Custodian,
Compliance with Court Orders, Court Costs for Out-of-Jurisdiction Cases,
and the Secure Appearance of Offender). For all other fiscal years in the
audit period, the county claimed only one cost component—Return of
Children to Custodian.
The claimed DA’s Office employees do not exclusively work the CAR
Program. Typically, a part-time legal assistant, a full-time investigative
assistant, and a DA oversee CAR cases with a part-time fully sworn
investigator to recover or locate the children.
To support the claimed hours, the county provided monthly time studies,
completed by employees, to document total hours worked on different
assignments (i.e. Child Abduction, Auto Insurance Fraud, Rural Crimes,
etc.) which are filled out for DA’s Office internal tracking purposes. The
timesheets list the pay period (month), name of employee, title of
employee, table of assignments and different leave types (vacation, sick
leave, holiday, etc.).
After discussions with DA Office’s personnel, we determined that, for all
fiscal years in the audit period, the time studies provided to support
claimed hours do not describe the mandated functions performed or
specify the actual number of hours devoted to each function.
Merced County Custody of Minors – Child Abduction and Recovery Program
During fieldwork, the county provided a sample of Child Abduction case
file documents for the audit period. The case file documents vary
depending on the case and include the investigator’s notes, emails,
receipts, and court documents (i.e., declarations, findings and orders,
warrants, etc.). None of the case file documents provided describe the
mandated functions performed or specify the actual number of hours
devoted to each function.
Furthermore, county representatives stated that DA’s Office caseloads
include cases that fall under PC section 278.7 (commonly referred to as
“good cause” cases). CAR cases are referred to the DA’s Office by various
means including, but not limited to, at the request of the courts or the
parents. The county representatives stated that prior to 2024, the county
did not document actual hours or specify mandated activities performed
when filing mandated cost claims. Therefore, we were unable to determine
the amount of time that the county might be claiming for unallowable costs
associated with “good cause” cases or other unallowable activities.
Time spent on “good cause” cases is unallowable because the parameters
and guidelines do not identify such cases as reimbursable costs. The
parameters and guidelines incorporate requirements of PC sections 278
and 278.5 as amended by Chapter 988, Statutes of 1996. This law, known
as the Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act, also added PC section 278.7.
However, PC section 278.7 was not incorporated into the parameters and
guidelines; therefore, any costs claimed under this section are not
reimbursable.
Section V., “Reimbursable Costs,” of the parameters and guidelines
begins:
To be eligible for mandated cost reimbursement for any fiscal year, only
actual costs may be claimed. Actual costs are those costs actually
incurred to implement the mandated activities. Actual costs must be
traceable and supported by source documents that show the validity of
such costs, when they were incurred, and their relationship to the
reimbursable activities. A source document is a document created at or
near the same time the actual cost was incurred for the event or activity
in question. Source documents may include, but are not limited to,
employee time records or time logs, sign-in sheets, invoices, and
receipts.
Section VII.A.1., “Salary and Employees’ Benefits,” of the parameters and
guidelines states, in part:
Identify the employee(s), show the classification of the employee(s)
involved, describe the mandated functions performed and specify the
actual number of hours devoted to each function, the productive hourly
rate, and the related benefits. . .
-7-
Merced County Custody of Minors – Child Abduction and Recovery Program
Recommendation
We recommend that the county:
• Follow the SCO’s Mandated Cost Manual and the mandated
program’s parameters and guidelines when preparing its
reimbursement claims; and
• Ensure that claimed costs are supported by source documentation.
County Response
The County respectfully disagrees with this finding and disallowance of
costs.
The Merced County District Attorney’s Office (MCDA) supported the
salaries and benefits costs with reports from the County’s timekeeping
software – Kronos and time studies Finance Enterprise Labor Cost
reports. Kronos entries are made by the MCDA Child Abduction and
Recovery Program (CAR) funded employees and approved by their
supervisors for each bi-weekly pay period, contemporaneous to the time
worked. To corroborate the Kronos reports, MCDA office provided
monthly time studies to reflect the reimbursable/non-reimbursable
activities and Labor Cost reports to reflect employees, classifications,
and other salary/benefit information. MCDA staff members additionally
provided comprehensive case notes, investigator’s notes, emails, receipts
and court documents.
Contrary to the Controller’s assertion, these documents are valid source
documents as set forth by the Parameters and Guidelines.
The Parameters and Guidelines provide that claimed costs must be
supported by documents that show the validity of such costs, when they
were incurred, and their relationship to the reimbursable activities.
Employee time records or time logs are specifically referenced as
acceptable source documents. See Parameters and Guidelines,
Section V.
Notwithstanding the County’s objections, in March 2024, MCDA
implemented changes to their Case Management System, Karpel,
enabling us to track the hours dedicated to specific tasks related to the
Child Abduction and Recovery Program.
SCO Comment
Our finding and recommendation remain unchanged.
The county asserts that the documents provided are “valid source
documents as set forth by the Parameters and Guidelines.” We disagree.
Documentation provided by the county does not describe the mandated
activities performed. Reports from the Kronos timekeeping software and
time studies provided do not specify the actual number of hours that
employees spent on the mandated activities, as required by the parameters
and guidelines. Without a description of any mandated activities, there was
no way for us to determine whether the county had claimed costs
-8-
Merced County Custody of Minors – Child Abduction and Recovery Program
associated with criminal prosecution commencing with the defendant’s
first appearance in a California court, or costs associated with non-
mandated activities.
Section VII.A.1., “Salary and Employees’ Benefits,” of the parameters and
guidelines states, in part:
Identify the employee(s), show the classification of the employee(s)
involved, describe the mandated functions performed and specify
the actual number of hours devoted to each function, [emphasis
added] the productive hourly rate, and the related benefits. The average
number of hours devoted to each function may be claimed if supported
by a documented time study. . . .
The county states:
To corroborate the Kronos reports, MCDA office provided monthly time
studies to reflect the reimbursable/non-reimbursable activities and Labor
Cost reports to reflect employees, classifications, and other
salary/benefit information. MCDA staff members additionally provided
comprehensive case notes, investigator’s notes, emails, receipts and
court documents.
After reviewing the Kronos reports and the monthly time studies, we were
unable to determine the mandated functions performed or the actual hours
devoted to each function, as required per the parameters and guidelines.
FINDING 2— The county claimed a total of $23,362 in materials and supplies costs for
the audit period. We determined that the entire amount is unallowable. The
Unsupported
costs are unallowable because the county claimed costs that were allocated
materials and supplies
to the CAR Program instead of actual costs supported by source
costs
documentation, as required by the program’s parameters and guidelines.
The following table shows the materials and supplies costs claimed, the
allowable costs, and the audit adjustment by fiscal year:
Fiscal Amount Total Audit
Year Claimed Allowable Adjustment
2019-20 $ 5,448 - $ (5,448)
2020-21 5,902 - (5,902)
2021-22 5,532 - (5,532)
2022-23 6,480 - (6,480)
Total $ 23,362 - $ (23,362)
The county’s claimed materials and supplies costs are for maintenance of
a case management system for archived files pertaining to pre-2011 child
abduction cases. The case files are limited and contain only the
information required per the county’s document retention policy.
-9-
Merced County Custody of Minors – Child Abduction and Recovery Program
The costs for maintaining the case management system are allocated by
the county’s Information Services (IS) department during the yearly
budget process. IS costs are for personnel and network maintenance
including labor, division overhead, and administrative allocations
necessary for IS staff time, equipment, and data center operations. The
county provided IS service agreements, expenditure reports, and journal
entry details for the intra-fund transfers between the DA’s Office and IS
as support. However, we determined that these materials and supplies
costs are unallowable because they are estimated allocations and cannot
be identified as a direct cost of the mandate.
Section VII.A.3., “Materials and Supplies,” of the parameters and
guidelines states, in part:
Only expenditures which can be identified as a direct cost of the mandate
such as, but not limited to, vehicles, office equipment, communication
devices, memberships, subscriptions, publications, may be claimed. List
the cost of the materials and supplies consumed specifically for the
purposes of this mandate…
Recommendation
We recommend that the county:
• Follow the SCO’s Mandated Cost Manual and the mandated
program’s parameters and guidelines when preparing its
reimbursement claims; and
• Ensure that claimed costs are actual and specific to the purposes of the
mandated program.
County Response
The County concurs with this finding of disallowance of costs.
The county’s claimed materials and supplies costs for maintenance of a
case management system for archived child abduction case files prior to
2011. The archived cases themselves are limited and contain only
necessary information required per the document retention policy the
county has as part of a larger effort to consolidate information. The cost
for maintaining the case management system is allocated by the county’s
Information Services (IS) department during the yearly budget process,
which includes budgets for all hosted systems in the county. IS costs
associated with hosted systems are for personnel and network
maintenance including labor, division overhead, and administrative
allocations necessary for IS staff time, equipment, and Data Center
operations. The MCDA interpreted this to apply to commonly accepted
practice amount cost sharing programs that the proportional share of
usage is applied to the appropriate program. The MCDA will implement
changes to ensure that only expenditures which can be identified as a
direct cost of the mandate are claimed.
-10-
Merced County Custody of Minors – Child Abduction and Recovery Program
Attachment—
County’s Response to Draft Audit Report
State Controller’s Office
Division of Audits
Post Office Box 942850
Sacramento, CA 94250
www.sco.ca.gov
S24-MCC-0013